LUCC and Accompanied Soil Degradation in China from 1960''s to 1990''s

This paper tries to qualitatively analyze land use and cover changes (LUCC) and accompanied soil degradation in China, the data of World Atlas of Agriculture in 1969, Land Cover Data of Asia in 1992 and Global Assessment of Human Induced Soil Degradation in 1992, etc. have been used. From 1960' s to 1990's, the area of forestland had increased, arable land and paddy as well as grassland had significantly decreased in China. The major type of soil degradation is due to water erosion, which is widely distributed especially in Loess Plateau and in Southeast and Southwest China, this happened in forestland, grassland and arable land and mainly resulted from deforestation. The secondary type is wind erosion, which is mainly distributed in Northwest China, it happened in arable land and grassland and was caused by overgrazing. Chemical deterioration is distributed in North and Northwest China, which happened in paddy, arable land and grassland. Physical deterioration only concentrated in local area in North China, it happened in arable and paddy. Chemical and physical deteriora-tion mainly resulted from unreasonable activity. Because of different human activities, different LUCC and different natural conditions, the types and strength of soil degradation can be different.     

吉林西部地区第四系潜水水质影响因素的R型因子分析

利用R型因子分析法对吉林西部地区第四系潜水样的水化学数据进行分析,识别出影响地下水化学组成的4个主因子。因子1以Na ,HCO3-和F-为主,揭示了土壤的溶滤作用对地下水化学成分的影响;因子2以Cl-,SO42-和Ca2 为主,反映蒸发浓缩作用对地下水化学成分的影响;因子3以K 和pH值为主,代表地下水的弱碱环境地球化学背景;因子4以NO3-为主,反映了人类活动(化肥和农药的广泛施用、大中城市的生活污水和工业污水的污染)对地下水化学成分的影响作用。     

2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置异常的机制分析

以2019年6月为例,采用统计和诊断分析方法研究了夏季西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置的变化特征,并分析了其位置较6月气候平均状态偏南的可能机制。结果表明：虽然2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置总体偏南,但其经向位置异常存在纬向差异,在150°E以西区域,西太平洋副热带高压脊线平均位置偏南,而在150°~160°E区域内,脊线位置反而偏北。西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置变化与其附近异常涡度的经向分布有很好的对应关系,2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置出现异常的原因在于其附近出现的异常扰动引起的异常涡度,而由于异常涡度分布存在纬向差异,造成西太平洋副热带高压脊线经向位置异常也出现了纬向差异。经过尺度分析简化的全型涡度方程的诊断发现,异常非绝热加热在导致2019年6月西太平洋副热带高压位置总体偏南的过程中起到了关键作用,而动力因子则对150°E以东的西太平洋副热带高压脊线向北偏移的贡献更大。     

VARIATION IN FLOW AND SEDIMENT OF DASHA RIVER AND INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON IT IN SOUTHWEST REGION OF ANHUI PROVINCE

1INTRODUCTION Soil and water loss in the Dabie mountainous area is one of the most severe environmental problems in Anhui Province and the Changjiang (Yangtze) River basin as well.Itnotonlyresultsinenvironmentaldegradation,but alsorestrictstheproductionoflocalindustryand agricul- ture and hinders the sustainable economic and social de- velopment of the area, which has done great harm to the people's life and production there (XU, 2000; ZHANG and SHI, 2001). Since the 1980s, especial…     

Effects of anthropogenic intervention in the land hydrologic cycle on global sea level rise

Recent studies suggest that anthropogenic modification of land hydrology (e.g. through groundwater mining, dam building, irrigation, deforestation, wetlands drainage, and urbanization) could significantly impact sea-level rise, although the magnitude and sign of this effect have been widely debated. This paper attempts a comprehensive overview of the effects of human activities on land hydrology. Estimates are provided for the volumes of water associated with each of the major anthropogenic processes and the corresponding equivalent in sea level.Groundwater mining; and runoff from paved and built-up areas are two major sources of water added to the ocean. In contrast, storage of water behind dams, losses through percolation, and evapotranspiration from irrigated fields withhold water that would otherwise flow to the sea. The net effect of these processes holds back the equivalent of 0.8 +- 0.4 mm/yr from sea-level rise. This is a magnitude comparable to, but in the opposite direction from the currently observed sea-level rise of 1–2 mm/yr. These estimates are still preliminary, awaiting better documentation. Coupling of improved land hydrology models with GCMs will help in analysis of feedbacks, especially the partitioning of water among runoff, infiltration, and evaporation.     

LUCC and Accompanied Soil Degradation in China from 1960''''s to 1990''''s

1ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＬａｎｄｕｓｅａｎｄｃｏｖｅｒｃｈａｎｇｅｓ (ＬＵＣＣ)ａｎｄａｃｃｏｍｐａ ｎｉｅｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｓｏｉｌｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｂｅ ｃａｍｅｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ .Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｆｏｒｅｍａｎｙｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄａｂｒｏａｄａｒｅｅｎｇａｇｅｄｉｎＬＵＣＣａｎｄｓｏｉｌｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｓｔｕｄｙ ,ｓｕｃｈａｓＷｕＣｈｕａｎ ｊｕｎ,ｅｔｃ .(1994 ) ,ＦｅｎｇＺｈｉｍｉ…     

宝珠寺水电站坝基排水孔异常逸出物及其工程危害

在阐述宝珠寺水电站工程拦河坝坝址区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对宝珠寺水电站坝基排水孔异常逸出物的分布及其化学成分和矿物成分进行了研究,对异常逸出物的工程危害进行了讨论.结果表明,在宝珠寺水电站坝基排水孔中,异常逸出物主要出现在河床坝段,其成分主要是地层岩石中的一些常见元素及常见的成岩矿物,异常逸出物对大坝工程的危害主要体现在其本身及其形成过程中从大坝基础中携带出了大量的物质.     

水氡仪器标定异常原因浅析

2008年8月福建省地震局水化学中心实验站对新购置的水氡仪器进行标定,标定结果出现异常：全部闪烁室K值超出《地震水文地球化学观测技术规范》所要求的取值范围,但每个闪烁室多次标定的K值的相对偏差基本小于5％,说明虽然K值超出要求,但是固体氡气源装置上标称氡射气剂量分配值是稳定的。造成标定结果异常的可能原因主要有,标定过程出现漏气,新仪器选择的各项指标有误,固体氡气源故障。更换干燥剂、橡皮管,检查每一个接口,以及闪烁室的密封性能和真空泵的抽真空性能,重新检查仪器状态均已正常后,用现用的两套仪器进行标定,以检验是否因新仪器选择的各项指标有误造成标定结果异常。两次标定结果类似,分析认为,可能是固体氡气源故障,虽然在这次标定中,固体氡气源装置上标称氡射气剂量分配值是稳定的,但可能其含量较以前发生了变化。     

昆仑山口西Ms8.1级地震前兆

2001年11月14日,在中国青海、新疆交界地区（35.93°N, 90.54°E）发生了Ms 8.1级地震.在此地震前,距震中超过2000公里的北京工业大学地震研究所 （39.88°N, 116.47°E）收到三种非常清晰的临震信息：次声波异常信号、地应力突变信号及虎皮鹦鹉跳动频率异常信号.     

东营凹陷草113-郑气2地区流体压力演化及成藏效应

基于东营凹陷草113-郑气2地区现今实测地层流体压力和典型剖面压力分布特征,研究认为这个地区地层异常压力主要发育在Es3中、Es3下和Es4,纵向上可分为3个压力系统:正常压力、高压异常和异常高压。应用盆地数值模拟法恢复了草113-郑气2地区的压力演化史,结果表明超压主要经历了早期形成、下降调整和晚期发育3个阶段。分析证明超压主要由欠压实作用、烃类生成作用及蒙伊转化脱水作用造成,其演化阶段与油气成藏期具有很好的相关性,是油气运移的动力。