四川西部地区地震活动的空间分维特征

本文采用多分形的方法研究了四川西部地区20年来的地震活动的空间分布特征.对D_q谱与D_(-1),D_(-2)曲线结合震例进行分析,指出其变化与强震活动有密切联系。并结合空区理论,认为D_q(q<0)主要描述了地震空区的情况,该方法在地震前兆信息提取有中重要意义。     

云南省传染病与太阳活动关系的考察

从日地关系的角度出发,探讨太阳活动对人类流行性疾病的影响。根据云南地区自建国以来的１５种流行性疾病每年人数的资料,对每种疾病人数的相对比率与太阳黑子相对数对应作图比较,并求其相关系数。考察结果为：猩红热、疟疾、炭疽、百日咳、白喉、流感、乙脑、痢疾、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎、姜片虫病、肝炎与太阳活动的关系不明确,伤寒、斑疹伤寒和流脑与太阳活动显著相关     

江淮梅雨与东亚副热带夏季风进程变异的关系

根据中国气象局《梅雨监测业务规定》中的入、出梅标准,结合1960—2016年全国661个常规气象站逐日气象资料,以及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,分析了江淮梅雨和东亚副热带夏季风进程变异的时空特征,提取季风关键区(32°~34°N,112°~120°E,包含17个站点),并分析了江淮梅雨和季风关键区的联系与成因。结果表明:1960—2016年平均梅雨期为6月8日—7月15日,平均梅雨量为303 mm。比东亚平均梅雨季的开始时间早9 d,比其结束时间晚7 d。梅雨量在近57 a中也呈波动式变化,但整体为上升趋势。入梅越早,出梅越晚,则梅雨期越长,梅雨量越多。副热带夏季风推进到关键区的平均时间为5月19日,其在1970s末和1990s末分别发生了由偏晚向偏早和由偏早向偏晚的突变。夏季风到达关键区偏早时,出梅日偏晚,梅雨量偏多,季风到达偏晚时,出梅日偏早,梅雨量偏少。副热带夏季风推进时间和江淮梅雨量呈全区一致的负相关,负相关区位于湖南、湖北及江西三省临近的两湖地区。东亚副热带夏季风到达关键区时间偏早(晚)年,500 hPa高度场上乌拉尔山—鄂霍茨克海为正(负)距平,阻塞高压增强(减弱);日本海附近为负(正)距平,东亚大槽加深(西退北缩),加强(削弱)了槽后冷空气向南输送且不(有)利于中低纬度副热带高压的北跳,西太平洋副热带高压中心强度增强(减弱),位置偏西(东),其西北侧的西南暖湿气流输送加强(减弱),江淮地区有水汽的辐合(辐散),有(不)利于梅雨量偏多。     

海洋环境沉积物输运研究进展

海洋环境中沉积物的输运涉及复杂的过程和机制。20世纪后半叶发展起来的悬沙输运数学模型已经成为海洋沉积动力学的一个有力的研究工具。悬沙输运数学模型的有效运行需要正确的数值解法和模型中所含参数的确定,包括悬沙沉降速度、扩散系数、底床糙度和切应力,以及底边界上的沉降-再悬浮通量。由于复杂的水动力条件、屏蔽效应以及海底生物扰动等因素的作用,海洋环境推移质输运的经验、半经验公式具有一定的局限性。因此,充分考虑以上各种因素是正确预测海洋环境中推移质输运的关键。海洋环境沉积物输运理论的进一步发展需要着重进行各种过程和机制的研究,而这项工作依赖于高精度、高分辨率现场观测仪器的发展和更先进的颗粒态物质运动理论的建立。     

大地形上空偶极子东移对热带气旋路径的影响

With a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model on the β-plane with a topography term, 16 experiments were performed with an integration period of 6 days. The interaction between tropical cyclone tracks and 500 kin-scale vortices originating from the western part ora large-scale topography is investigated. It is suggested that this kind of interaction may have a significant impact on the moving speed and direction of tropical cyclones. Under certain conditions, this interaction may be a factor in causing an abnormal tropical cyclone track. Furthermore, the effect of large-scale topography plays an important role in the formation of unusual tropical cyclone tracks.     

Variation characteristics of heavy metals and nutrients in the core sediments of Taihu Lake and their pollution history

The sedimentary environment change, trophic evolution and heavy metals pollution history of the northern Taihu Lake in the last 100 years are studied according to the sedimentary geo-chemical proxies of the core sediments, such as grain size, nutrients, heavy metals, diatom, etc. The nutrients in the sediments depended mainly on the lake internal circulation and the heavy metals were from natural geogenic sources before the 1920s, which were not influenced by human activities generally, and grain size was one of the key factors influencing heavy metals content in the sediments. The alternation of manner and strength of human activities in Taihu Lake catchment before and after the 1920s made the lake sediments coarser, and hence heavy metals and TP content decreased contrasted with that before the 1920s. TP content in sediments and water increased from the 1950s to late 1970s due to anthropogenic pollutants discharge, and the lake belonging to mesotrophic state. TN and TOC content and C/N ratio increased due to the increasing external pollutants into Taihu Lake by human activities, TP content also increased obviously in water and sediments, and the diatom association was dominated by eutrophic species since the late 1970s, indicating the eutrophication state of Taihu Lake in this period. Meanwhile the increasing in heavy metals content, such as Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, and their proportion of valid fractions in the sediments indicates that they all result from human pollutants since the late 1970s. The heavy metals in the surface sediments have certain potential biological toxicity due to the higher SEM/AVS ratio.     

Study on the nutrient evolution and its controlling factors of Longgan Lake for the last 200 years

Based on the total phosphorous (TP) concentration in sediment core, the TP concentration in lake water quantitatively reconstructed from fossil diatoms and diatom-TP transfer function in the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years, the temperature and precipitation data from meteorological observation for the last 50 years, the temperatures and precipitation sequences of climate simulation for the last 200 years, as well as the amount of the agricultural phosphate fertilizer in Longgan area for nearly 50 years, the characteristic and the law of the nutrient status evolution were analyzed, and the influence of the climatic factor, the anthropologic factor and the aquatic biology factor on the nutrient status evolution and its mechanism were discussed for the Longgan Lake during the last 200 years. The results showed that, in the nearly 200 years, the TP concentration in the sediment core of the Longgan Lake gradually increased, its range of variation was situated between 330-580 mg/kg, the mean value was 388 mg/kg, a nearly 30-year vibration adjustment period existed at 1950 around. The TP concentration in lake water changed in a different way. Before 1950, it had a slow increasing tendency in fluctuated background, to 1950 around it reached up to the mean value (52.18μg/L), and vibrated and adjusted around the mean value, then it fast declined, its change range was situated between 37.75-62.33μg/L. The analyses indicated that, in the centennial time scale, the climate change was the main controlling factor, while in the decadal time scale in the recent 50 years, human activities were the leading factors for the nutrient status evolution of the Longgan Lake. 60% of the variability of the TP concentration in the sediments and 57% of that in lake water were due to human activities. The differentiation between phosphorus concentration in the sediment and in the lake water reflected the response processes and the adjustment abilities of the lake aquatic ecosystems to the lake nutrient level, implying the maintenance and the destruction of the balances between the algae and the aquatic plants, as well as the corresponding accumulating characteristics of the phosphorus.     

哈萨克斯坦下卡姆卡5-T号井前兆异常特征

介绍了哈萨克斯坦的下卡姆卡5-T井的水文地球化学环境,对其15年来的交换资料进行了初步的统计与分析。结果表明,在震中距300 km、400 km范围内,5、6级地震的异常项目比例可达71.4%、51.4%,而7级大震(或6级震群)远兆的异常比例则仅为7.2%,且5级、6级和7级地震(或6级震群)在异常时间、异常形态上各有其特点和差异,部分5级地震还存在异常叠加的现象。各个观测项目的映震能力存在一定的差异。     

变异函数在异常空间插值中的应用

针对数据空间架构中异常点对地质数据解译过程的干扰，以协方差数学理论为基础，提出界定空间数据分布方法-变异函数。着重阐述变异函数的求取过程，对新疆贝克滩水系沉积物化探数据处理，预测误差均值为0．1032、平均预测标准差为21．12、标准均方根预测误差为0．9841。预测值与样品实测值误差较小，界定的空间数据分布与实际矿床（点）分布吻合较好。     

山东胶东半岛地区断裂最新活动性研究

山东胶东半岛地区发育有北北东-北东向和北西西向两组断裂,前者分属蓬莱-栖霞断裂系和即墨-牟平断裂带,为半岛的主体断裂构造;后者分布在半岛北缘及其北侧海域,由多条断裂组成。实地调查表明,断层在第四纪期间是活动的,控制着附近山地和盆地的构造演化与地貌发育,最新活动主要发生在第四纪早期,垂直活动幅度可达百米以上;第四纪晚期,断裂活动性迅速减弱,甚至停止,但依然发现北北东-北东向断裂的多个局部段落还在活动,明显地错断了晚更新世地层,垂直断距最大为10m左右。