吉林省十里坪—小西南岔一带遥感地质构造解译及找矿方向

本文通过对吉林省东部十里坪—小西南岔一带ETM遥感影像线性、环形构造遥感地质解译及其与区域上金、铜等多金属矿化关系的研究,总结了区域成矿特点和成矿规律,进而提出了该区的找矿方向。     

Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake

The 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake highlighted the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry building structures due to improper "strengthening" retrofit work that has been done in the last 50 years. Italian seismic standards recommend the use of traditional reinforcement techniques such as replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete (RC) or steel elements, inserting RC tie-beams in the masonry and new RC floors, and using RC jacketing on the shear walls. The L’Aquila earthquake revealed the numerous limitations of these interventions, because they led to increased seismic forces (due to greater additional weight) and to deformation incompatibilities of the incorporated elements with the existing masonry walls. This paper provides a discussion of technical issues pertaining to the seismic retrofit of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica and in particular, the limitations of the last (2000) retrofit intervention. Considerable damage was caused to the church because of questionable actions and incorrect and improper technical choices.     

“井水不犯河水”水文地质学含义初步探讨

利用水化学及同位素水文地质学的方法,对密云水库、潮白河及位于潮白河边的2个地下水分层专门监测井进行取样测试,并结合收集相关资料,从水位、水质及氚、氘、氧-18等同位素方面进行分析研究,对中国古语“井水不犯河水”的水文地质学方面的含义进行了一定的微观层次的分析探讨.得出研究点处潮白河水对50 m外的25 m深的浅井井水有...     

西安市再生水回用浅析

西安市水资源概况,针对西安市水资源问题提出了西安市再生水回用的必要性及可行性,通过对西安市再生水回用途径的分析,提出了解决西安市再生水回用问题的建议措施,肯定了发展再生水回用事业在缓解西安市水环境日益恶化和水资源短缺等问题中的重要地位.     

西安80坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系的转换

西安80和2000国家大地坐标系的起算点和参考椭球不同,两者之间的坐标转换根据区域大小和精度高低可采取不同的数据转换模型.     

Spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjacent regions: Implication for future seismic hazard

The study deals spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters like annual and 100-years mode along with their 90% probability of not being exceeded (NBE) in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjoining regions. For this purpose, we applied a straightforward and most robust method known as Gumbel’s third asymptotic distribution of extreme values (GIII). A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalogue during the period 1900–2010 with magnitude M_W ⩾ 4.0 is utilized to estimate these earthquake hazard parameters. An equal grid point mesh, of 1° longitude X 1° latitude, is chosen to produce detailed earthquake hazard maps. This performance allows analysis of the localized seismicity parameters and representation of their regional variations as contour maps. The estimated result of annual mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the values of M_W 6.0 in the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan and northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings in the examined region. The 100-years mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the value of M_W 8.0 in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya with Caucasus mountain belt, the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan, northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings, the Kangra–Himanchal Pradesh and Kashmir of India. The estimated high values of earthquake hazard parameters are mostly correlated with the main tectonic regimes of the examined region. The spatial variations of earthquake hazard parameters reveal that the examined region exhibits more complexity and has high crustal heterogeneity. The spatial maps provide a brief atlas of the earthquake hazard in the region.     

Provenance of lateritic bauxite deposits in the Wuchuan–Zheng’an–Daozhen area,Northern Guizhou Province,China: LA-ICP-MS and SIMS U–Pb dating of detrital zircons

The provenance of the large and super-large scale bauxite deposits developed in the Wuchuan–Zheng’an–Daozhen (WZD) alumina metallogenic province in the Yangtze Block of South China is poorly understood. LA-ICP-MS and SIMS U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from bauxite ores and the underlying Hanjiadian Group in the WZD area provide new constrains on the provenance of the WZD bauxite and provide new insight on the bauxite ore-forming process. The ages of the detrital zircons in the bauxites and the zircons in the Hanjiadian Group are similar suggesting that the bauxites are genetically related to the Hanjiadian sediments. The detrital zircon populations of the four samples studied show four primary age peaks: 2600–2400 Ma, 1900–1700 Ma, 1300–700 Ma and 700–400 Ma. The age distribution of detrital zircons indicates that they are probably derived from various sources including Neoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic, Paleoproterozoic, Archean and some minor Paleozoic sources. The most abundant age population contains a continuous range of ages from 1300 to 700 Ma, ages consistent with subduction-related magmatic activities (1000–740 Ma) along the western margin of the Yangtze Block and the worldwide Grenville orogenic events (1300–1000 Ma). Thus, it is suggested that the main provenances of the WZD bauxite and the Hanjiadian Group are the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks in the western Yangtze Block and the Grenville-age igneous rocks in the southern Cathaysia Block. In addition, this work verifies that the global Grenville orogenic events and subduction-related magmatic activities associated with the Yangtze Block had a significant influence on the formation of the WZD bauxite deposits.     

Temporal relationship between Holocene human occupation and vegetation change along the northwestern margin of the Central African rainforest

This paper discusses the relationship between patterns of human settlements and environmental change during the Holocene along the northwestern margins of the equatorial rain forest of central Africa. Palaeoenvironmental data from high-resolution sediment cores from lacustrine deposits, plant macro-remains from forest soils, and archaeological data are harnessed to discuss the differential impact of climate and/or humans on the central African rain forest. It is shown that climate change impacted the rain forest well before the widespread expansion of human settlements all over the study area.     

Spatial analysis of morphometric indices: the case of Bolu pull-apart basin,western section of North Anatolian Fault System,Turkey

Advances in quality, acquisition and processing of high-resolution digital topography over the past decade have enabled geomorphologists to interpret topography in terms of tectonic processes in a quantitative and more objective way. This study defines the tectonic impact of the North Anatolian fault system (NAFS) on the evaluation and activity of the Bolu pull-apart basin using morphometric indices based on topographic maps. In this study, three different indices including valley floor width to height ratio (Vf), asymmetry factor (Af), and Stream Length Gradient Index (SL) are applied to the tectonic basin area. To detect the deviation from spatial randomness of applied indices, the weighted correlation coefficient Moran’s I is used, and results are interpreted at 99% confidence interval. According to the results, the tectonic impact of NAFS on the northern and western sides of the basin distinctly differs from one another. Clustered distribution of Vf and Af values on the southern side of the basin margin reveals that this side of the basin margin is tectonically more deformed compared with the northern side. The applied methodology reveals that the spatial analysis of the morphometric indices proved to be the effective tool in analyzing tectonic influence of the fault system on the opposite side of the basin margins.     

Cartographie du métamorphisme faible à trés faible dans les Alpes françaises externes par l’utilisation de la cristallinité de l’illite

Résumé

On présente les tracés proposés, pour la nouvelle carte du métamorphisme alpin, entre la bordure du Mont Blanc et la région de Digne. Ils délimitent le domaine de l’anchizone. Les limites diage-nèse-anchizone et anchizone-épizone sont définies grâce à l’indice de cristallinité des illites après étalonnage. Les données utilisées proviennent pour une bonne part de mesures inédites. La minéralogie de la fraction argileuse, étudiée simultanément, fournit des informations complémentaires.

L’anchizone constitue une auréole plus ou moins large à l’W des massifs cristallins; elle tend à disparaître à la bordure SW du Pelvoux. Au N, l’épizone est générale dès la bordure externe des Aiguilles Rouges, alors qu’au S, elle ne débute qu’à l’E du Pelvoux. Cela est conforme au schéma général du métamorphisme alpin croissant en direction de l’E et du N.

On peut relever les perturbations et points particuliers suivants :

— l’existence de « métamorphisme transporté » dans les Préalpes du N, la région de Digne et l’Embrunais;

— au N, dans le massif de Platé, une « butte témoin » d’anchizone, en gradient inverse dans le substratum des nappes helvétiques;

— vers le col de la Madeleine, un gradient décroissant vers l’E jusqu’à la diagenèse, interrompu par un recouvrement tectonique (ultradauphinois);

— dans le Champoléon, sur la limite S du Pelvoux, un petit affleurement d’anchizone où les lignes d’iso-cristallinité sont déformées par la tectonique anté-priabonienne; l’anchizone serait anté-priabonienne, peut-être même anté-sénonienne.

La comparaison avec les résultats obtenus par d’autres méthodes (inclusions fluides, mesures isotopiques) confirme l’allure générale des transformations. Toutefois, il existe une contradiction avec certains résultats fournis par le pouvoir réflecteur de la vitrinite sur le pourtour de Belledonne.

Pour rendre compte des données disponibles il est nécessaire de faire intervenir plusieurs épisodes, que l’on peut situer à des époques anté-priabonienne, post-priabonienne et anté-nappe, puis post-nappe. L’âge et le nombre exact de ces épisodes sont inconnus.

On souligne qu’il ne faut pas s’attendre à observer de changement décelable au passage des frontières à l’anchizone : elles ne constituent pas des limites de faciès pétrographiques. Ainsi on rencontrera l’épizone d’après les ICr alors que le faciès schiste vert n’est pas encore atteint.