近4万年渤海西岸海侵时古海面的现代标高对比研究*

近4万年以来,相应于两次高太阳辐射暖湿期渤海西岸曾经两次海水泛陆事件,即40~28kaB.P.与10~4kaB.P.海侵事件。文章基于众多钻孔海相层中有孔虫、介形类等海相微体生物化石的组合特征恢复海水深度,重建了海侵最大时的古海面的现代标高。结果显示: 40~28kaB.P.海侵,海面的现代标高最高可达-11~-5m;10~4kaB.P.海侵则为2~3m。后者同众多研究所认为的中全新世存在高海面,海面高度为2~3m的结论大致吻合,前者则与全球气候尚处在间冰阶,冰川部分消融,世界洋面处在-50m的大背景不协调。而辽东与山东半岛沿海众多钻孔揭示,40~28kaB.P.渤海地区并没有高于-50~-20m海面存在的证据。通过区域环境的综合分析,认为40~28kaB.P.渤海西岸的海侵,是早玉木冰期持续4~5万年之久的冰期低海面环境,这种特殊的环境使现代渤海西岸的大部分区域远离沉积环境,成为冲刷侵蚀区,这种效应叠加在冰期边缘海式构造下沉与弧后盆地性质的构造下沉背景之上造成区域性异常地面低洼;渤海西岸异常地面低洼在间冰阶全球趋暖,冰川型海侵的过程中形成的区域性强烈"视"海侵(指示当时海侵时海水深度很大,而不是海水的陆泛范围大)。     

Three new species of Batrachospermum Roth (Batrachosper-maceae,Rhodophyta) in China

1 INTRODUCTION The first published records of genus Batra-chospermum Roth in China are from Jao (1941), when eleven taxa were reported. Since then, Shi, Hu and Kumano (1993), Shi (1994a, 1994b), Hua and Shi (1996), Xie et al. (1999, 2003), Xie and Shi (2003) have described in more detail the species from China. To date, 23 taxa of Batrachospermum Roth in China have been reported, of which, B. yunnanense, B. nothocladoideum and B. transito-rium are new species of this genus, and are…     

利用高铁钾长石粉合成13X沸石分子筛的实验研究

对江苏丰县的富钾页岩进行预处理，得到钾长石含量达76．4％的钾长石粉，其Fe2O3含量高达7．52％。以此钾长石粉为原料经过焙烧处理、水热合成实验，在铁含量较高情况下成功合成了13X沸石分子筛，并采用正交实验法确定了优化工艺参数。对实验产物的主要性能测试表明，合成的富铁沸石产品与13X沸石分子筛工业产品相似，吸附量达到国家化学工业产品标准，可用于对含重金属离子废水的吸附处理。     

X射线衍射技术应用于宝石鉴定-合成及晶体结构研究进展

因宝石检测常附带无损要求、宝石评价具科学性和不确定性等特点,X射线衍射(XRD)在宝石学这门矿物学的分支学科中的应用具有特殊性,其应用领域主要集中在三个方面。①宝石鉴定领域:对单晶宝石和多晶宝石进行物相鉴定、宝石产地特征研究以及宝石矿物多型的种类划分等。例如根据XRD图谱,可将品种繁多的微晶石英隐晶质变种玉髓中不同的SiO₂质矿物相精确区分;通过黏土矿物成分及其含量可将鸡血石中"地"的种类进行划分。②宝石矿物的晶体结构研究:对成分复杂的单晶宝石进行晶体化学分析、获取矿物类质同象替代情况、利用结晶度划分宝石品质。例如晶格参数中的c/a比值可将绿柱石的Al八面体类质同象替代和Be四面体类质同象替代进行区分;软玉中通过XRD数据计算出的结晶度与软玉的品质关系密切。③宝石学研究技术的开发:对宝石的优化处理过程进行监测,在宝石合成过程中检验矿物晶形大小、结晶质量及内应力等,以有机宝石的晶体结构为基础的人工养殖技术研究。例如尖晶石在热处理过程中,Mg离子由四面体中的T位迁移至八面体中的M位,导致M-O和T-O键长随温度变化,并反映在尖晶石的色调中;在托帕石合成过程中,XRD数据显示770~800℃时形成含氟托帕石(与天然托帕石结构相同),而在950℃和1000℃出现含氟托帕石离解成刚玉和莫来石。目前,我国在宝石学的XRD应用方面起步较晚,国外在宝石鉴定、优化与合成方面的应用相对成熟。本文认为,该技术与扫描电镜、质子探针等分析技术的联用仍有很大发展空间。     

Centrifuge model tests on sand specimen under extensional load

The appearance of shear banding in granular materials has been investigated intensively during the last decades and is still of ongoing importance in terms of understanding the stress–strain behaviour of the material, the localization phenomena and the interaction between soil and structure. Only less attention has been paid to the occurrence of systems of shear bands although such systems can be identified in geotechnical structures as well as in geological formations. In this paper we present results of experiments on sand specimens under extensional load in natural gravity as well as in increased gravity in the centrifuge where the influence of the stress level on the geometry of a shear band pattern, specified by the spacing of the shear bands and the angle between failure surfaces and minor stress direction, has been investigated. X‐ray technique has been used to visualize the failure zones inside the specimen, an optical measurement system called Digital Image Correlation has been applied to identify and observe the appearing deformation mechanism on the sides of the specimens in natural gravity as well as during the flight in the centrifuge. It can be shown that the geometry of the shear band pattern is sparsely influenced by the change of the stress level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

X波段双偏振雷达垂直指向法标定的应用

垂直指向法标定是双偏振雷达的差分反射率因子ZDR标定有效方法的一种,可以订正ZDR测量误差,提高雷达数据的质量。本文基于双发双收模式的X波段双线偏振天气雷达系统,通过分析雷达硬件系统和垂直指向法标定的数据,诊断了观测数值的一些质量问题,初步判断是方位旋转关节损坏而导致ZDR的数值在某一固定区域上出现较大偏差。更换新的方位旋转关节后,对比处理问题前后的垂直指向标定数据证明能有效解决此问题。最后,经过多次试验分析表明,当垂直指向法标定在回波强度为25.5~30.5dB之间的中等范围稳定的层状云降水情况下使用时,其标定的数据能有效订正系统ZDR偏移量。     

聚类分析法在地质样品分类中的应用研究

概述聚类分析及原理,通过题示内容的研究,包括测试样品,标准化数据,分类,获得适宜的样品聚类分析方法及建立了方法软件。该研究实验表明,采用聚类分析法对地质样品进行分类,效果较好。为开展Ｘ荧光定量分析及建立模式识别专家系统奠定了基础。     

A novel quadruple beam imaging polarimeter and its application to Comet Tanaka-Machholz 1992 X

For observations of solar system objects an imaging polarimeter has been constructed as an auxiliary instrument for a f/15 focal reducer. With this instrument simultaneous measurement of theQ andU Stokes parameters is possible. It contains no moving parts such as a moving /2 retarder. The polarizer consists of two Wollaston prisms which are combined to form a single optical element. Their polarization angles differ by 45°. This compound polarizer is placed in the exit pupil of the afocal telescope-collimator system of the focal reducer and splits the exit pupil into halves. In this way four polarized beams with E-vector orientations 0°, 90°, 45°, and 135° emerge from the exit pupil. These are intercepted by the camera lens of the focal reducer system and imaged simultaneously on the CCD detector. With a properly designed field mask at the Cassegrain focus, the four beams are imaged without overlap.As a demonstration of the capabilities of this quadruple-beam Wollaston-prism polarimeter, we present observations of comet Tanaka-Machholz 1992 X in May 1992. The advantages, shortcomings, and possible improvements of the instrument are discussed.based on observations obtained at Hoher List Observatorypresently at Astronomical Observatory of Khar'kiv University, Sumskaya Street 35, 310022 Khar'kiv, Ukraine     

Si—PIN探测器便携式X荧光分析仪在海洋多金属结核结壳分析中的应用

采用自行研制的Si-PIN探测器便携式X射线荧光分析仪对海洋多金属结核、富钴锰结壳样品进行了应用实验,测定了Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Sr、Y、Zr、Mo和Pb等多种元素,并考察了仪器在进行现场分析的可行性。实验证明Si-PIN便携式X射线荧光分析仪能够满足大洋多金属结核和结壳现场分析的基本要求。