山东省湿地类型及湿地环境地质问题分析

山东省湿地资源丰富,可分为自然湿地和人工湿地2类,自然湿地包括湖泊、海岸、沼泽、河口湾湿地,人工湿地主要为水稻田、水库、池塘湿地等,湿地面积约为1．71万km^2。该文分析研究了山东省的湿地环境地质问题,并提出了工程措施和非工程措施2种防治措施。     

遥感技术在银川市湿地生态研究中的应用

银川市近年湿地生态系统较往年有较大的改善,主要体现在湿地面积的增长。本文主要运用RS技术对遥感图进行处理以及运用GIS技术,以银川市部分地区为研究对象,进行湿地生态系统健康分析研究,从而得出结论,并依据此结论对银川市生态系统健康进行评价与研究,提出相应建议,并希望有关部门能够参考并运用于银川市湿地生态健康的保护。     

Using an integrated model to track the fate and transport of suspended solids and heavy metals in the tidal wetlands

An integrated two-dimensional depth-average numerical model was developed to simulate hydrodynamics and to track the fate and transport of contaminants in the Erh-Chung Flood Way wetland in northem Tai...     

Effect of submerged aquatic vegetation on turbulence induced by an oscillating grid

In wetlands wind-induced turbulence significantly affects the bottom boundary, and the interaction between turbulence and plant canopies is therefore particularly important. The aim of this study is to advance understanding of the impact of this interaction in submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV)¹ on vertical mixing in a fluid dominated by turbulence. Wind-generated turbulence was simulated in the laboratory using an oscillating grid. We quantify the vertical distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)² above and within different types of vegetation, measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Experimental conditions are analysed in two canopy models (rigid and semi-rigid) with seven solid plant fractions (SPFs)³, three stem diameters (d)⁴ and three oscillation grid frequencies (f)⁵ and four natural SAVs (Cladium mariscus, Potamogeton nodosus, Myriophyllum verticillatum and Ruppia maritima).     

南四湖人工湿地建设与管理

采用生态滞留塘+多级表面流湿地系统的工艺方案建设南四湖人工湿地,使出水水质基本达到《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质要求。利用人工湿地的生态经济价值,采取市场化运营的模式,探索"以湿养湿,以收养管"的管理机制,使南四湖人工湿地既能保障南水北调安全顺利进行,又能自身循环发展,取得"保水创收"的双赢效果。     

The effect of gross primary production, net primary production and net ecosystem exchange on the carbon fixation by chemical weathering of basalt in northeastern Iceland

The overall objective of this study is to define and interpret the annual dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux in selected river catchments in North Eastern Iceland. The flux stems primarily from chemical weathering of basalt. The DIC flux out of the catchments is compared with the spatial distribution of the various vegetation communities and their gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE). There is no correlation between the DIC flux and the GPP, but one between DIC and NPP. The DIC flux is highly dependent on the NEE, which in turn is governed by the area extent of wetlands in these catchments. A variation by a factor 5 of the NEE results in a variation by a factor 2.8 in the river dissolved inorganic flux.     

Impacts on groundwater recharge areas of megacity pumping: analysis of potential contamination of Kolkata,India, water supply

Abstract

Water supply to the world’s megacities is a problem of quantity and quality that will be a priority in the coming decades. Heavy pumping of groundwater beneath these urban centres, particularly in regions with low natural topographic gradients, such as deltas and floodplains, can fundamentally alter the hydrological system. These changes affect recharge area locations, which may shift closer to the city centre than before development, thereby increasing the potential for contamination. Hydrogeological simulation analysis allows evaluation of the impact on past, present and future pumping for the region of Kolkata, India, on recharge area locations in an aquifer that supplies water to over 13 million people. Relocated recharge areas are compared with known surface contamination sources, with a focus on sustainable management of this urban groundwater resource. The study highlights the impacts of pumping on water sources for long-term development of stressed city aquifers and for future water supply in deltaic and floodplain regions of the world.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Sahu, P., Michael, H.A., Voss, C.I., and Sikdar, P.K., 2013. Impacts on groundwater recharge areas of megacity pumping: analysis of potential contamination of Kolkata, India, water supply. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (6), 1340–1360.     

青海湖典型湿地土壤重金属分布特征

重金属污染是当今土壤污染中影响面最广、危害最大的环境问题之一。对青海湖典型湿地土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn 6种重金属元素的含量及分布特征进行了调查分析。结果表明:青海湖湿地土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn 6种重金属元素的平均含量分别为16.34μg/g、46.82μg/g、15.65μg/g、58.49μg/g、14.57mg/g和33.08μg/g;青海湖区南北两岸典型湿地土壤重金属含量存在明显的空间差异。南北两岸样带上表层土壤Cu、Cr、Fe的含量变化均呈"W"形,Zn仅在青海湖北岸样带表现出"W"形,Mn元素含量在400m处为最低点,Pb没有表现出明显的变化特征;Cu、Zn、Pb 3种元素含量呈极显著相关,说明青海湖湿地土壤重金属污染有一定的同源性。     

土壤动物对鄱阳湖湿地冬季凋落物分解过程的影响

为了研究湿地土壤动物对凋落物分解速率以及对土壤养分归还的影响,于2017年11月份在鄱阳湖湿地收集苔草(Carex cinerascens)、南荻(Triarrhena lutarioriparia)和芦苇(Phragmites australis) 3种植物的凋落物,利用凋落物袋法开展原位的模拟实验研究中使用了网孔大小分别为4.5 mm(大)和0.1 mm(小)的分解袋来对比分析土壤动物的影响结果表明:不同物种之间凋落物分解速率有差异,苔草的分解速率显著大于南荻和芦苇,南荻与芦苇的分解速率差异不明显;凋落物的分解速率与凋落物总有机碳和总氮的积累量(NAI_(TOC)/NAI_(TN))呈负相关,与残余凋落物质量呈负相关,与凋落物总磷含量呈正相关;凋落物总氮含量在不同物种凋落物中差异明显,表现为苔草芦苇南荻,并且与分解速率的大小关系相对应,因此高氮植物凋落物的分解速率较快;土壤动物能够提高分解速率,促进凋落物营养元素的释放,进而调节凋落物中C、N、P元素向土壤养分库的归还过程本研究将为湿地生态系统的营养元素循环研究提供科学数据.     

白洋淀南支水资源及入淀水量研究

自进入60年代以来,白洋淀入淀水量越来越少。不断减少的入淀水量已经严重影响了白洋淀的生态、社会等效益。主要是对白洋淀南支水资源量及南支入淀水量方面做了一些分析和计算,此次分析和计算主要是以水文学和水资源学的基本原理为基础,结合调查到的多年各项用水量的详实资料,应用分项调查法、泰森多边形法、典型年法、频率分析法,得出了白洋淀南支水资源量,南支入淀水量,南支水资源的状况对南支入淀水量的影响及入淀水量的变化规律。