Transition and Diversity in Rural Housing Provision: The case of Narrogin,Western Australia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the changing dynamics of housing markets in an Australian rural community. With reference to the case of Narrogin, Western Australia, it argues that there is an increasing disjuncture between the social and demographic characteristics of rural residents and the modal form of housing in country towns, namely the detached family house. Factors contributing to this disjuncture include the ageing of the population, the loss of traditional blue-collar employment, sub-regional restructuring of service provision, retirement migration patterns, and growing acceptance of the particular housing needs of groups such as the aged, the disabled, young and indigenous people. While it is clear that there is currently something of a mismatch between the characteristics of the population and the housing stock in Narrogin, it is also evident that a combination of political, cultural and economic factors form a significant barrier to adjustment in the local housing market.     

西天山伊耳曼得型金矿流体特征及成矿环境

西天山一种以伊耳曼得和恰布坎卓它等金矿为代表的金矿类型,其成矿流体液相成分以K⁺离子为主,其次是Na⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-及少量的Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺.流体气相成分以H₂O为主,其次是CO₂、H₂,少量的O₂、N₂、CH₄和CO.流体的矿化度平均为8.28g/L,盐度比较低,其范围为1.5%~0.39%(NaCl),流体的pH值在2.8~5.5之间.流体离子强度为0.146~0.18.氧逸度为lgf o₂=-35.2~-38.9,流体的pH-lgf o₂稳定范围与冰长石-绢云母型和酸性硫酸盐型金矿床的稳定范围不一致.流体温度范围为93~151.4℃.流体压力范围为5.6~17 MPa.表明成矿流体具有低温、低压和低盐度的特点.流体属于H₂O-NaCl-CO₂体系,来自大气降水.大气降水渗滤到地下,受到火山和地温梯度的影响,形成了沿一定深度运动的热循环流体.成矿流体的物理化学环境是一种过渡类型.成矿流体沿火山碎屑岩孔隙和微裂隙多次渗透交代而成矿.     

辽西朝阳盆地早白垩世一新的无齿翼龙化石

采自辽西朝阳盆地早白垩世九佛堂组的一翼龙化石被记述。化石材料是一接近完整骨架的无齿的翼龙，带有一不完全的头骨。作者将其归于翼手龙类(Pteroclactyloidea)，并建一新属、新种一无齿吉大翼龙(Jidapterus edentus gen．et sp．nov．)。     

Lithology and palynology of Neogene sediments on the narrow edge of the Kitakami Massif (basement rocks), northeast Japan: Significant change for depositional environments as a result of plate tectonics

Abstract A controversial stratigraphic section, the Taneichi Formation, is exposed along the Pacific Coast of northeastern Honshu, the main island of the Japanese Archipelago. Although most sediments of the formation have long been dated as late Cretaceous, the northern section of it has been assigned to (i) the Upper Cretaceous; (ii) the Paleogene; or (iii) the Neogene. In the present report, we present the data of palynological and sedimentological studies, showing that the northern section should be assigned to the Neogene. A more important point in the present study is that we invoke some basic principles of fluvial sedimentology to resolve this stratigraphic subject. The lignite layers full of Paleogene–Miocene dinoflagellate cysts and pollen assemblages drape over the boulder‐sized (>40 cm in diameter) clasts in the northern section. However, the layers totally consist of aggregates of small lignite chips, indicating that the lignites are allochthonous materials. The mega‐clasts with derived microfossils in the lignites are thought to have been deposited as Neogene fluvial (flood) sediments in the newly formed Japanese Archipelago. Prior to the Miocene, the northern Honshu was part of the Eurasian Plate, thus the boulder‐sized clasts cannot be envisaged as long river flood deposits along the continental Paleogene Pacific Coast. Instead, the mega‐clasts with the draping lignites were probably derived from nearby Miocene highlands in the newly born island arc.     

论构造耦合作用

构造耦合作用是一种普遍存在的地质现象。现今东、西太平洋的构造差异及古太平洋和现今太平洋大陆边缘构造差异与俯冲的洋壳板块性状有关,即:①俯冲角度;②俯冲角度的改变;③俯冲速率;④俯冲速率的改变;⑤俯冲深度;⑥俯冲板块前缘与海沟间的水平距离;⑦俯冲板块在670km上、下地幔界线处的构造形态;⑧俯冲板块的位移及位移方向。这种深部构造活动对浅部构造形成的制约和影响,是活动大陆边缘构造耦合现象的具体表现。中国西北部的盆山耦合现象是大陆内部的构造耦合作用,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞产生的远距离效应,导致中亚地区产生陆内A型俯冲,A型俯冲是造成盆地消亡、山系形成的重要因素。     

GIS在西部生态环境建设中的应用初探

GIS与西部生态环境建设的有机结合将是一项长期的、复杂的系统工程。笔者在严格论证了该项目实施的可行性之后,在可持续发展理论的指导下,运用空间分析方法,提出了项目实施的方案。在该方案中,对生态环境信息数据进行了分类,详述了空间数据文件存贮结构,查询管理子系统的开发,最后得出生态环境地理信息系统的总体结构,并简述了其功能。     

Chemical, Isotopic, and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for the Hydrothermal Alteration of the Footwall Rocks of the BIF-Hosted Iron Ore Deposits in the Hamersley District, Western Australia

Abstract. The petrography, chemical, fluid inclusion and isotope analyses (O, Rb-Sr) were conducted for the shale samples of the Mount McRae Shale collected from the Tom Price, Newman, and Paraburdoo mines in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. The Mount McRae Shale at these mines occurs as a footwall unit of the secondary, hematite-rich iron ores derived from the Brockman Iron Formation, one of the largest banded iron formations (BIFs) in the world. Unusually low contents of Na, Ca, and Sr in the shales suggest that these elements were leached away from the shale after deposition. The δ¹⁸O (SMOW) values fall in the range of + 15.0 to +17.9 per mil and show the positive correlation with calculated quartz/sericite ratios of the shale samples. This suggests that the oxygen isotopic compositions of shale samples were homogenized and equilibrated by postdepositional event. The pyrite nodules hosted by shales are often rimmed by thin layers of silica of varying crystallinity. Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals rimming a pyrite nodule show homogenization temperatures ranging from 100 to 240C for 47 inclusions and salinities ranging from 0.4 to 12.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for 18 inclusions. These fluid inclusion data give direct evidence for the hydrothermal activity and are comparable to those of the vein quartz collected from the BIF-derived secondary iron ores (Taylor et al, 2001). The Rb-Sr age for the Mount McRae Shale is 1,952 ± 289 Ma and at least 200 million years younger than the depositional age of the Brockman Iron Formation of ∼ 2.5 Ga in age. All the data obtained in this study are consistent with the suggestion that high temperature hydrothermal fluids were responsible for both the secondary iron ore formation and the alteration of the Mount McRae Shale.     

A biogenic-silica δO record of climatic change during the last glacial–interglacial transition in southwestern Alaska

Despite growing evidence for environmental oscillations during the last glacial–interglacial transition from high latitude, terrestrial sites of the North Pacific rim, oxygen-isotopic records of these oscillations remain sparse. The lack of data is due partially to the paucity of lakes that contain carbonate sediment suitable for oxygen-isotopic analysis. We report here the first record of oxygen-isotopic composition in diatom silica (δ¹⁸O_Si) from a lake in that region. δ¹⁸O_Si increases gradually from 19.0 to 23.5‰ between 12,340 and 11,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., reflecting marked climatic warming at the end of the last glaciation. Around 11,000 ¹⁴C yr B.P., δ¹⁸O_Si decreases by 1.7‰, suggesting a temperature decrease of 3.5–8.9 °C at the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) in southwestern Alaska. Climatic recovery began ca. 10,740 ¹⁴C yr B.P., as inferred from the increase of δ¹⁸O_Si to a maximum of 23.9‰ near the end of the YD. Our data reveal that a YD climatic reversal in southwestern coastal areas of Alaska occurred, but the YD climate did not return to full-glacial conditions.     

中国夏季降水异常空间模与副热带高压的关系

本文用1959～1994年6、7、8月全国范围47个5°×5°经纬度网格降水资料分析了夏季降水异常空间模的月际差异，并在此基础上用西太平洋副高指数及青藏高原指数#FKB#FS分析降水异常空间模与环流的关系，为检验环流指数与降水相关场的整体信度，还对8月份降水资料进行了Monte-Carlo检验。结果表明，夏季总降水异常的空间模在每一月份中并非表现得同样清楚，江淮流域与河套及华南的反相关在8月份表现得最清楚。而青藏高原中东部南北两侧的负相关在6月及8月很清楚，7月份次之。8月份西太平洋副高北界异常对江淮流域与河套及华南地区降水异常反相关的产生有很大作用。副高稳定偏北时，河套、华南易涝，江淮易旱。反之亦然。青藏高原指数#FKB#FS与逐月降水的相关分析表明，青藏高原上高压及低涡活动对高原中东部南北两侧负相关的产生有一定作用。当高压活动偏多时，北侧易旱、南侧易涝。并且6月及8月的作用较大，7月较小。另外，8月份副高活动对这一降水异常空间模的产生也有一定影响。     

亚太地区经济区域化及其地理研究

本文针对亚太地区经济区域化发展趋势，阐明了该地区经济合作形式的主要特征，同时，对其进行地理研究的可行性及其意义提出自己的见解。