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21.
根据1986—1990中美热带西太平洋海气相互作用8个航次合作综合调查资料,分析了1987年10月赤道中西太平洋165°E(10°N-6°S)次表层水形成溶解氧最大值的原因。1986-1987年E1Nino衰退时期,该海域赤道附近在E1Nino强盛时期下沉的次表层水开始回升,短时期内形成了类似于中、高纬度海域的理化环境,使浮游生物在混合层内聚集生长,最终导致溶解氧含量在次表层出现最大值和过饱和含量。 相似文献
22.
南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)的特征分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据热带西太平洋卫星云图资料及流场特征分析,讨论了南太平洋辐合带(SPCZ)的演变特征和形成机理。提出SPCZ是反映西太暖池同东太冷舌海气耦合系统以及暖池大气同相邻陆区大气间相互作用的重要特征。主要表现为在12~2月的热带西太平洋上的NW/SE辐合带,其形成原因主要应归因于西太暖池本身,以及暖池与东太赤道冷水舌强度与相对位置改变引发的Walker环流位置与走向的变动,另外,新几内亚岛及澳洲大陆也有重要影响。 相似文献
23.
G.T. Ruggerone J.L. Nielsen J. Bumgarner 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2776
We tested the hypothesis that increased growth of salmon during early marine life contributed to greater survival and abundance of salmon following the 1976/1977 climate regime shift and that this, in turn, led to density-dependent reductions in growth during late marine stages. Annual measurements of Bristol Bay (Bering Sea) and Chignik (Gulf of Alaska) sockeye salmon scale growth from 1955 to 2002 were used as indices of body growth. During the first and second years at sea, growth of both stocks tended to be higher after the 1976–1977 climate shift, whereas growth during the third year and homeward migration was often below average. Multiple regression models indicated that return per spawner of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon and adult abundance of western and central Alaska sockeye salmon were positively correlated with growth during the first 2 years at sea and negatively correlated with growth during later life stages. After accounting for competition between Bristol Bay sockeye and Asian pink salmon, age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon increased after the 1976–1977 regime shift, then decreased after the 1989 climate shift. Late marine growth and age-specific adult length of Bristol Bay salmon was exceptionally low after 1989, possibly reducing their reproductive potential. These findings support the hypothesis that greater marine growth during the first 2 years at sea contributed to greater salmon survival and abundance, which in turn led to density-dependent growth during later life stages when size-related mortality was likely lower. Our findings provide new evidence supporting the importance of bottom-up control in marine ecosystems and highlight the complex dynamics of species interactions that continually change as salmon grow and mature in the ocean. 相似文献
24.
中太平洋铁锰结壳铅同位素研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
已有研究表明大洋中溶解的铅(Pb)来源于陆源物质,但是,对Pb进入大洋的途径争议很大。为此分析了取自中太平洋两块铁锰结壳样品的Pb同位素组成,获得了整个新生代的中太平洋Pb同位素演化历史。结果表明这两块结壳的Pb同位素随时间的演化曲线与中北太平洋沉积物岩心LL44-GPC3中风成碎屑的Pb同位素演化曲线相似。证实该区深水中的天然溶解铅主要来自风成粉尘,并且50Ma之前中太平洋中溶解Pb同位素组成主要取决于源自美洲的风成粉尘的输入,40Ma之后主要取决于源自亚洲的风成粉尘的输入。 相似文献
25.
A seismic refraction study on old (110 Myr) lithosphere in the northwest Pacific Basin has placed constraints on crustal and uppermantle seismic structure of old oceanic lithosphere, and lithospheric aging processes. No significant lateral variation in structure other than azimuthally anisotropic mantle velocities was found, allowing the application of powerful amplitude modeling techniques. The anisotropy observed is in an opposite sense to that expected, suggesting the tectonic setting of the area may be more complex than originally thought. Upper crustal velocities are generally larger than for younger crust, supporting current theories of decreased porosity with crustal aging. However, there is no evidence for significant thickening of the oceanic crust with age, nor is there any evidence of a lower crustal layer of high or low velocity relative to the velocity of the rest of Layer 3. The compressional and shear wave velocities rule out a large component of serpentinization of mantle materials. The only evidence for a basal crustal layer of olivine gabbro cumulates is a 1.5 km thick Moho transition zone. In the slow direction of anisotropy, upper mantle velocities increase from 8.0 km s-1 to 8.35 km s-1 in the upper 15 km below the Moho. This increase is inconsistent with an homogeneous upper mantle and suggests that compositinal or phase changes occur near the Moho. 相似文献
26.
太平洋海域海平面变化的灰色系统分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
应用灰色系统理论,对太平洋海域48个长期验潮站的月均海平面分别建立了GM(1,1)模型。GM(1,1)模型能较好地反映太平洋海域的海平面变化的趋势,它除了能给出连续的海平面变化速率外,同时能方便地给出海平面变化的加速率。模拟结果表明,在太平洋地壳均衡假设下,太平洋海域的月均海平面以平均速率0.17cm/a上升。在太平洋海域所取的48个长期验潮站中,有40个站在加速上升,全部站的平均加速度为0.00029cm/a2。且加速率逐渐增大。当然这些加速率都很小,但作为一种普遍性的趋势,这已足以说明:太平洋海域的海平面在加速上升 相似文献
27.
西北太平洋热带气旋发生的时空变化特征 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
利用中国气象局整编的1949-1988年的《台风年鉴》和1989-2000年的《热带气旋年鉴》资料,统计分析了西北太平洋热带气旋的主要发生源地、各强度等级热带气旋发生的经纬度变化特征、各强度等级热带气旋发生源地和发生频率的季节变化特征。结果表明:西北太平洋有三个热带气旋的主要发生地,分别是南海中北部偏东洋面、菲律宾以东至加罗林群岛之间的洋面、加罗林群岛一带洋面;热带气旋强度越强,发生位置越偏南、偏东;热带气旋平均发生源地存在明显的季节变化特征,冬季平均发生源地偏南偏东,以后逐渐向北向西偏移,夏季以后又向南向东偏移;各强度等级热带气旋2月平均发生频率最小,8月平均发生频率最大,全年TC较集中地发生在7~10月期间。 相似文献
28.
P. Cobo C. Ranz A. Fernández M. Cuesta D.K. Anthony M. Siguero 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):87-95
Vertical resolution is of fundamental importance in sonar exploration and is directly related to the duration of the acoustic
pulse generated by the transducer. The shorter the radiated pulse, the higher the vertical resolution. Many sub-bottom profiling
sonar systems use piezoelectric transducers because they are reversible and well understood. Piezoelectric projectors are
normally resonant transducers, which are intrinsically narrowband. A piezoelectric transducer is usually driven by a tone-burst.
However, it is possible to use Fourier techniques to find a pre-compensated electrical driving function so that the transducer
radiates a prescribed wider band acoustic waveform. This technique can be applied to synthesize zero-phase cosine-magnitude,
Gaussian, and bionic pulses, with a conventional sandwich transducer. Zero-phase cosine-magnitude waveforms provide minimum
length pulses (and therefore maximum resolution) within a prescribed frequency band.The aim of this paper is to illustrate
the synthesis of wideband acoustic pulses using an underwater piezoelectric projector. The conventional acoustic waveform
radiated when a Tonpiltz transducer is transiently excited using a “click” and allows its frequency response function to be
measured. This function is used to design the electrical signal which then drives the transducer so that it radiates the shortest
pulse compatible with its mechanical response. The significant resolution enhancement of the waveform shaping process is illustrated
by its application to a sediment wedge model. 相似文献
29.
In this study we test Talley's hypothesis that Oyashio winter mixed-layer water (26.5–26.6σ θ) increases its density to produce the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) salinity minimum (26.7– 26.8σθ) in the Mixed Water Region, assuming a combination of cabbeling and double diffusion. The possible density change of Oyashio
winter mixed-layer water is discussed using an instantaneous ratio of the change of temperature and salinity along any particular
intrusion (R
l
). We estimate the range of R
l
DD
required to convert Oyashio winter mixed-layer water to the NPIW salinity minimum due to double diffusion, and then assume
double-diffusive intrusions as this conversion mechanism. A double-diffusive intrusion model is used to estimate R
l
DD
in a situation where salt fingering dominates vertical mixing, as well as to determine whether Oyashio winter mixed-layer
water can become the NPIW salinity minimum. Possible density changes are estimated from the model R
l
DD
by assuming the amount of density change due to cabbeling. From these results, we conclude that Oyashio winter mixed-layer
water contributes to a freshening of the lighter layer of the NPIW salinity minimum (around 26.70σθ) in the MWR. 相似文献
30.