河南省区域性高温天气特征及预报

利用1965－2001年的高温资料，分析了河南省区域性高温的时空、地理分布和连续性高温天气特征及成因，确定了区域性高温的两种天气类型和预报指标。     

河南省寒潮特征分析与中期预报

利用1986－1999年气象资料，分析了河南省寒潮天气的基本特征和主要天气形势。利用欧洲中心数值预报产品3层格点实况资料，采用相关分析方法，分别计算出河南省安阳，洛阳，郑州，西华，信阳各代表站的寒潮消空和预报指标。再以欧洲中心72－144h数值预报产品为因子，用完全预报方法做出河南省3－7天中期寒潮天气过程预报。     

焦郑高速公路雾天气预报与监测

分析了焦郑高速公路沿线雾天气气候特征及能见度与最大车流量的关系。利用欧洲中心数值预报产品和单站要素资料，选择预报因子，建立了雾天气预报方程。利用天气雷达进行临近监测预报服务。     

BS-1型机载碘化银发生器的维护与改进

介绍了ＢＳ－１型机载碘化银发生器的基本结构与原理。在实践经验的基础上总结出了各部件的维护方法，并对控制器电路进行了改进。     

Finding the most appropriate precipitation probability distribution for stochastic weather generation and hydrological modelling in Nordic watersheds

Six precipitation probability distributions (exponential, Gamma, Weibull, skewed normal, mixed exponential and hybrid exponential/Pareto distributions) are evaluated on their ability to reproduce the statistics of the original observed time series. Each probability distribution is also indirectly assessed by looking at its ability to reproduce key hydrological variables after being used as inputs to a lumped hydrological model. Data from 24 weather stations and two watersheds (Chute‐du‐Diable and Yamaska watersheds) in the province of Quebec (Canada) were used for this assessment. Various indices or statistics, such as the mean, variance, frequency distribution and extreme values are used to quantify the performance in simulating the precipitation and discharge. Performance in reproducing key statistics of the precipitation time series is well correlated to the number of parameters of the distribution function, and the three‐parameter precipitation models outperform the other models, with the mixed exponential distribution being the best at simulating daily precipitation. The advantage of using more complex precipitation distributions is not as clear‐cut when the simulated time series are used to drive a hydrological model. Although the advantage of using functions with more parameters is not nearly as obvious, the mixed exponential distribution appears nonetheless as the best candidate for hydrological modelling. The implications of choosing a distribution function with respect to hydrological modelling and climate change impact studies are also discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HadCM3模式下钱塘江流域设计暴雨估算

全球气候变化背景下,极端水文气象事件发生的频率和强度都受到了直接影响,研究气候变化对极端水文气象事件的影响对防灾减灾和工程设计等至关重要.采用了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四次评估报告中给出的A1B、A2和B1三种温室气体排放情景,选用大气环流模式Had-CM3,利用随机天气发生器LARS-WG生成逐日气象资料,结合P-Ⅲ型曲线和线性矩方法分析计算了钱塘江流域21世纪中叶的设计暴雨情况.结果表明:LARS-WG天气发生器在钱塘江流域有较好的模拟效果;在A1B和B1情景下,钱塘江流域各站点不同重现期下的设计暴雨值基本呈增大趋势,其中A1B情景下杭州站百年一遇的设计暴雨值为209.14mm,比基准期增大11.0％.     

一个创新研究——大气数值模式变量的物理分解及其在极端事件预报中的应用

大气温度、湿度、位势高度和风等数值模式变量可以物理分解为纬圈-时间平均的对称部分和时间平均的非对称部分,以及行星尺度瞬变扰动和天气尺度瞬变扰动等四个部分.区域持续性干旱、暴雨、热浪、低温和雨雪冰冻等极端天气事件与前期及同期数值模式中的行星尺度和天气尺度大气扰动系统之间呈现出密切的关系.瞬变扰动天气图可成为预报极端天气事件的新工具.本文在归纳本期9篇原创性文章的基础上,探讨大气变量物理分解后需要进一步研究的理论问题和应用前景.     

Using microwave links to adjust the radar rainfall field

The final stage in processing radar data so as to arrive at an estimated rain field typically involves a comparison of the preliminary radar-derived estimates of hourly rainfall with those observed by ground-based gauges. Often a mean field bias adjustment will then be applied using an age-weighted average of the individual gauge–radar comparisons. In this paper, a mean field bias adjustment is presented that uses the path-integrated rainfall estimates provided by microwave links together with information from gauges. It is shown to be at least as efficient as the current gauge-based procedure used by the UK Met Office to improve the accuracy of radar-based estimates of rainfall at the ground.     

中国天气发生器降水模拟参数的气候变化特征

利用中国672个站点1951-2007年的逐日降水资料,分1951-1978和1979-2007两个时段分析了中国天气发生器BCC/RCG-WG降水模拟参数的气候变化特征.结果表明,在气候变化背景条件下,我国各地干日到湿日的降水转移概率P(WD)和湿日到湿日的降水转移概率P(WW)除了西部部分地区有增大的趋势外,其余大部地区均有减小的趋势.相对于P(WW),全国各地P(WD)的减小幅度更大.日降水量GAMMA分布形态参数ALPHA除西北地区西部部分地区有减小趋势外,其余大部地区略有增大趋势,尺度参数BETA在全国各地基本都保持增大的趋势,其中西北地区西部等地增大趋势尤为明显.相对于BETA的变化幅度,ALPHA的减小幅度较小,基本在6%以内.     

纳米碘化银在人工影响天气的应用研究I:理论分析结果和展望

人工影响天气领域一直致力寻求一种经济有效且催化效果明显的过冷云催化剂,纳米催化剂是首选.具有与冰晶结构相近的纳米材料因其尺寸效应、体积效应和其他表面效应等特性,有望提高冰晶晶核数量,有可能提高人工增雨的作业效果和作业能力,使寻求高效、价廉的人工影响天气催化剂成为了可能.作者主要针对纳米材料的性质和特点,通过理论分析和初步的实验,探讨了纳米催化剂在人工影响天气中的应用前景.