ITRF97下空间对地观测站速度矢量显示的全球构造运动

利用ITRF97的站速度矢量研究现代地壳运动特征，发现ITRF97站速度矢量与NUVEL-1A板块运动模型有很好的一致性. 它们共同显示，北半球以北大西洋为轴向北东、北西向裂开，欧亚大陆向北东、东、南东运动; 北美大陆向北西、西、南西运动, 但南半球板块运动状态截然不同, 南美、非洲、印-澳三板块各自的本体运动几乎全部指向北东-北北东, 三者之间以南大西洋脊和印度洋脊为界, 而且运动矢量逐次加大, 呈现南半球整体运动与洋脊张裂运动的叠加所造成的“落后式”拉张关系, 北半球和南半球之间速度矢量场的差异十分明显, 显示其间运动场不协调带, 此带内地质调查早已确定存在一组斜列式断续延伸的剪切破裂带. 沿此南/北半球之间的运动不协调带及其内部的大断裂带自1999年8月至2001年1月连续发生8次M≥7.8地震, 而环太平洋俯冲带内地震活动则明显降低, 充分显示了南/北半球之间的运动不协调带在全球板块运动中所显示的全球尺度的独立地位. 验算结果初步揭示了南/北半球之间的相对错动关系.     

黑河“97”分水方案适应性分析

黑河"97"分水方案自2000年实施以来,流入下游水量明显增加,缓解了下游生态环境恶化趋势,但在丰水年难以完成分水指标,其适应性受到各方关注。本文在分析"97"分水方案的技术特点及背景条件变化对分水方案适应性影响的基础上,通过构建黑河水资源配置模拟模型,对分水方案在不同需水条件和黄藏寺水库建成运行后长系列年(1958-2012年)实施情况进行了模拟,分析评价了黑河"97"分水方案的适应性。研究表明,由于分水方案制定和实施前后黑河经济社会、水系连通性等背景条件发生了较大变化,在现状工程和需水条件下,不能完成"97"分水方案的分水要求;在中游退耕至2000年水平和黄藏寺水库建成的情况下,虽然可以完成"97"分水方案的分水要求,但仍存在地下水超采情况,因此,基于20世纪80年代中期黑河经济社会和1955-1986年水文条件的"97"分水方案与黑河流域现状存在一定的不适应性。     

深地震反射剖面数据子库

深地震反射剖面数据子库（简称SB1）,系国土资源部深部地球物理探测数据库下属子库之一。经过需求分析,数据标准格式设计,采用Microsoft Access97作为开发平台的深地震反射剖面数据子库,具备关系型数据库固有的一切功能。SB1由用户查询,维护管理和报表打印等3个子系统组成。SB1收录了1996年以前,即原地质矿产部和国土资源部地球物理工作者执行深部地质计划和前沿科技计划等专项计划获得的大量深地震反射剖面调查原始记录,处理成果与解释成果。经调研数据分布和保存状况,依照“深地震反射剖面数据入库技术规定”完成了深地震反射剖面数据收集,整理及登录。迄今为止,SB1共收录国土资源部深地震反射资料累计测线19条,剖面长度859km与入库原始记录数据量35.8GB;原始记录,数据处理等入库数据记录格式皆统一采用地震勘探专业通用的SEG－Y格式;并采用通用的刻录格式ISO9660共刻录数据光盘30张。SB1管理系统的库文件及其用户指南,管理员手册,系统盘说明等文档也已刻录成系统光盘,为数据共享以及其它应用提供了方便条件。     

The southern margin of the East European Craton: new results from seismic sounding and potential fields between the North Sea and Poland

The extension of eastern Avalonia from Britain through the NE German Basin into Poland is, in some sense, a virtual structure. It is covered almost everywhere by late Paleozoic and younger sediments. Evidence for this terrane is only gathered from geophysical data and age information derived from magmatic rocks. During the last two decades, much geophysical and geological information has been gathered since the European Geotraverse (EGT), which was followed by the BABEL, LT-7, MONA LISA, DEKORP-Basin'96, and POLONAISE'97 deep seismic experiments. Based on seismic lines, a remarkable feature has been observed between the North Sea and Poland: north of the Elbe Line (EL), the lower crust is characterised by high velocities (6.8–7.0 km/s), a feature which seems to be characteristic for at least a major part of eastern Avalonia (far eastern Avalonia). In addition, the seismic lines indicate that a wedge of the East European Craton (EEC) (or Baltica) continues to the south below the southern Permian Basin (SPB)—a structure which resembles a passive continental margin. The observed pattern may either indicate an extension of the Baltic crust much farther south than earlier expected or oceanic crust of the Tornquist Sea trapped during the Caledonian collision. In either case, the data require a reinterpretation of the docking mechanism of eastern Avalonia, and the Elbe–Odra Line (EOL), as well as the Elbe Fault system, together with the Intra-Sudedic Faults, appear to be related to major changes in the deeper crustal structures separating the East European crust from the Paleozoic agglomeration of Middle European terranes.     

Numerical identification of tsunami boulders and estimation of local tsunami size at Ibaruma reef of Ishigaki Island,Japan

Tsunami boulders deposited along the coast constitute important geological evidence for paleotsunami activity. However, boulders can also be deposited by large storm waves. Although several sedimentological and theoretical methods have been proposed to differentiate tsunami and storm wave affected boulders, no appropriate numerical method exists for their differentiation. Therefore, we developed a new numerical scheme to differentiate tsunami and storm wave boulders for coastal boulders on Ishigaki Island, Japan. In this area, tsunami and storm waves have emplaced numerous boulders on the reef and the coast. By conducting numerical calculations of storm waves in this region, we estimated the size of a storm wave that can explain the maximum clast size distribution of boulders on the reef. Consequently, we showed that a wave with a combination of 8 m in initial wave height and 10 s period can satisfy the above conditions when we assume mean sea level. In contrast to the boulders on the reef, all boulders deposited along the shore are heavier than the calculated possible maximum clast size distribution by the storm wave. Therefore, we confirmed these boulders as being of tsunami origin. Results of previous studies showed that they were most likely deposited or reworked by the 1771 Meiwa tsunami. Then, using the tsunami boulders, we numerically estimated the wave period and amplitude of the 1771 Meiwa tsunami, which should have had a 4–5 min period and 5.6–5.9, 6.3–7.0 m amplitude, respectively. Using the proposed scheme, it is possible to differentiate tsunami and storm wave boulders and estimate the size of past storm waves and tsunami waves, although it is noteworthy that there are exceptions for which the scheme cannot be applied.     

Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Yaolin Cave

This paper reports on three-dimensional reconstruction of the Yaolin Cave in the Karst Region of Zhejiang, China. An object-oriented method was used to represent two cave classes—the class Boundary and the class Inside. The class Boundary included objects of the cave ceiling and the cave floor which are part of the topographical trend of the cave. This trend was determined by integrating topography with landform using TIN modeling. The inside of the cave with stalagmites, stalactites, dripstone-columns, and other objects was built using surveying data, photographs, and such computer graphics techniques as texture mapping and transparency. A stand-alone, 3-D visualization system—Cave3D—was developed on the Windows 98/NT platform to produce 3-D graphics and implement graphics-based computation, spatial query, and analyses. A virtual Yaolin cave was created using VRML97 and Java and posted on the Web.     

珠江口SX97孔7 000 a B.P.的气候环境变化及流域响应

综合考虑矿物，元素地球化学和孢粉等多方面的资料，对珠江口北岸SX97孔揭示的7000a B.P.以来的气候环境演化提出了一种5阶段划分方案。这种阶段性在SX97孔的各项指标上均有很好的对应，也与华南地区基于海岸沙丘，海滩岩和海相沉积地层等的早期研究成果能较好地对应。在此基础上，初步探讨了气候环境变化中的流域响应，发现SX97孔揭示出气候环境变化中很有很好的流域响应。如当气候环境偏湿偏热时，流域风化作用更加强烈，有很更多的铁元素流失，同时流域植被更发育，对降水有更好的缓冲作用，导致河口沉积物中含有更的铁元素（包括二价铁和三价铁），更少石英矿物和更多粘土矿物，当气候环境偏干偏凉时则相反。     

珠江口SX97孔7000aB.P.以来石英矿物含量反映的气候变化

珠江口北岸SX97孔的石英矿物含量变化与该孔孢粉数据及华南沿海其它地质地貌资料所揭示的古气候古环境演化能很好对应。古气候古环境通过控制物源区的植被发育、风化强度和侵蚀能力及河口沉积区的进退，对河口沉积物中石英矿物含量有很好的调控作用。在华南沿海地区，河口沉积物中的石英矿物含量可能是指示气候环境演化的一个方便和实用的指标。     

基于VBA的防震减灾办公自动化系统的设计与实现

VBA是集成在Word中的开发语言,编程结果可直接产生Word文档。本文结合地震系统防震减灾“三大工作体系”建设,分析了国家有关法律法规和中国地震局及甘肃省地震局发布的规范性文件、执法文书、审批报表及宏观异常填报表等的格式要求和特征,进行了系统分析和系统设计,利用Visual BASIC语言嵌入VBA指令开发了防震减灾办公自动化系统。     

ITRF97参考框架下的中国大陆区域地壳板块运动背景场的建立及应用

利用中国地壳运动观测网络工程基准站和基本站的GPS实测结果，构造了一个ITRF参考框架下的、充分反映今板块运动特征的、更为精确的现状中国大陆区域板块运动模型，介绍了这一工作的思路、方法和最终结果，并对速度场结果作了初步的解释。