全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2988篇 |
免费 | 665篇 |
国内免费 | 676篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 226篇 |
大气科学 | 782篇 |
地球物理 | 1128篇 |
地质学 | 889篇 |
海洋学 | 682篇 |
天文学 | 122篇 |
综合类 | 207篇 |
自然地理 | 293篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 16篇 |
2023年 | 41篇 |
2022年 | 67篇 |
2021年 | 83篇 |
2020年 | 91篇 |
2019年 | 112篇 |
2018年 | 84篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 120篇 |
2015年 | 119篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 211篇 |
2012年 | 186篇 |
2011年 | 174篇 |
2010年 | 181篇 |
2009年 | 186篇 |
2008年 | 202篇 |
2007年 | 271篇 |
2006年 | 219篇 |
2005年 | 177篇 |
2004年 | 157篇 |
2003年 | 135篇 |
2002年 | 147篇 |
2001年 | 115篇 |
2000年 | 100篇 |
1999年 | 121篇 |
1998年 | 105篇 |
1997年 | 94篇 |
1996年 | 97篇 |
1995年 | 67篇 |
1994年 | 85篇 |
1993年 | 56篇 |
1992年 | 60篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4329条查询结果,搜索用时 59 毫秒
991.
On Outflow Passages in the South China Sea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Both box and inverse methods are used to study the relative importance of outflow passages of the South China Sea.The physical meaning of the box model is described in detail,and its optimization is based on the most efficient way to remove the warm and fresh water in terms of the heat and salt budgets.The box model results suggest that the Kalimantan Strait is the main outflow passage,because the water near the Kalimantan is the warmest and freshest.The system of the South China Sea advects the warmest and... 相似文献
992.
春季我国东部海洋温度锋区对大气的强迫作用及其机制研究 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
首先, 采用高分辨率的卫星资料研究了春季我国东部海区海洋锋区附近的海温与风场之间的关系, 资料分析表明海温与海表面风速之间存在明显的正相关关系, 特别是在海洋锋强的年份, 这种正相关关系更明显。资料分析还表明春季是黄海、 东海海洋锋最强的季节, 海温与海表面风速的对应关系在春季尤为明显。然后, 采用一个高分辨率和先进物理方案的中尺度模式探讨了海洋影响大气的机制。控制试验再现了海洋锋区附近海温与海表面风速之间的正相关关系。模拟的边界层垂直结构说明海温能够明显改变锋区两侧边界层大气的稳定度和垂直混合的强弱, 证明了垂直混合机制的存在。而另一方面, 对控制试验和平滑海温试验的水平动量方程中各收支项的比较分析发现, 由于海洋锋的存在而产生的气压梯度力对穿越锋区的空气的加速也有相当重要的贡献。综合观测和模拟结果说明春季我国东部海区海洋温度锋区的海洋—大气相互作用过程中海洋对大气的影响非常明显, 在海洋影响大气的机理方面, 海平面气压调整机制和垂直混合机制都在起作用。 相似文献
993.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the estimation of dynamic elastic behavior of the ground using the Kalman filter finite element method. In the present paper, as the state equation, the balance of stress equation, the strain–displacement equation and the stress–strain equation are used. For temporal discretization, the Newmark ¼ method is employed, and for the spatial discretization the Galerkin method is applied. The Kalman filter finite element method is a combination of the Kalman filter and the finite element method. The present method is adaptable to estimations not only in time but also in space, as we have confirmed by its application to the Futatsuishi quarry site. The input data are the measured velocity, acceleration, etc., which may include mechanical noise. It has been shown in numerical studies that the estimated velocity, acceleration, etc., at any other spatial and temporal point can be obtained by removing the noise included in the observation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
The Caeté Estuary lies within the world's second largest mangrove region, 200 km south-east of the Amazon delta. It has an extension of about 220 km2and is subjected to a considerable human impact through intensive harvest of mangrove crabs (Ucides cordatus) and logging of mangroves. In order to integrate available information on biomass, catches, food spectrum and dynamics of the main species populations of the system, a trophic steady state model of 19 compartments was constructed using the ECOPATH II software (Christensen & Pauly, 1992). Ninety-nine percent of total system biomass is made up by mangroves (Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans andLaguncularia racemosa ), which are assumed to cover about 45% of the total area and contribute about 60% to the system's primary production. The remaining biomass (132 g m−2) is distributed between the pelagic and benthic domains in proportions of 10% and 90% respectively. Through litter fall, mangroves inject the main primary food source into the system, which is either consumed directly by herbivores (principally land crabs, Ucides cordatus) or, when already metabolized by bacteria, by detritivors (principally fiddler crabs, Uca spp.). These two groups are prominent in terms of biomass (80 g and 14·5 g m−2), and food intake (1120 g m−2 yr−1and 1378 g m−2 yr−1respectively). According to the model estimates, energy flow through the fish and shrimp compartments is of relatively low importance for the energy cycling within the system, a finding which is contrary to the situation in other mangrove estuaries reported in the literature. The dominance of mangrove epibenthos is attributed to the fact that a large part of the system's production remains within the mangrove forest as material export to the estuary is restricted to spring tides, when the forest is completely indundated. This is also the reason for the low abundance of suspension feeders, which are restricted to a small belt along the Caeté River and the small creeks which are watered daily. Phytoplankton, temporarily refloating benthic diatoms, neritic zooplankton and small pelagic fish dominate the (low) pelagic biomass. Total system throughput (10 559 g m−2 yr−1) and mean transfer efficiency between trophic levels (9·8%) calculated by the model fit well into the range reported for other tropical coastal ecosystems. The very high gross efficiency of the fishery (catch/net primary production) of 8·6% and its low trophic level (2·1) is explained by a high harvesting rate of mangroves and the fact that the main animal resource in the system are the mangrove crabs (Ucides cordatus), which feed at the first trophic level. The model was balanced asuming a turnover rate for the land crabs of P/B=0·25 (P/B: production per unit of biomass) which is possibly too high. If this value was replaced by a (possibly more realistic) lower value, the model would not balance, suggesting a situation in which more biomass is being harvested than produced, which hints to an overexploitation of this resource A ranking of the various system components in terms of their contribution to the system function (ascendency sensu Ulanowicz, 1997) revealed that detritus and associated bacteria contribute 34%, mangroves 19%, fiddler crabs 13%, phytoplankton and microphytobenthos 10%, mangrove crabs 10%, and the remaining 14 groups 14% to the total ascendency. Summary statistics of the model are given and compared with those of other coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
995.
Shuqing HAO Hongwei HUANG Kun YIN. Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China. College of Construction Engineering Jilin University Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2007,10(2):190-195
By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply. 相似文献
996.
By simplifying the characters in the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field, the authors used air dynamics and fluid mechanics to calculate the air distribution in the bit and obtained an equation of flow distribution with a unique resolution. This study will provide help for making certain the bit parameters of the bit structure effectively and study the air reverse circulation bit interior fluid field character deeply. 相似文献
997.
A numerical model is proposed that describes the interaction between raindrops and water vapour near the planetary boundary layer to explain the “amount effect”. This model relates the intensity to the isotopic composition of precipitation. The model resolves raindrop sizes, and explicitly includes: (1) the isotopic equilibration time of raindrops that is drop‐size dependent; (2) raindrop transit times through the atmosphere; and (3) the evolution of the isotopic composition of vapour at various rain rates. At high rain rate, the precipitation through a layer is less equilibrated with the vapour because the isotopic equilibration time is long compared to the fast transit time, and there is a preponderance of large drops, which take longer to equilibrate. The δ18O of vapour in the lower atmosphere becomes lower as a result of the interaction with these raindrops of low δ18O, and the degree of depletion of 18O is higher when precipitation rates are high. The model reproduces time‐series observations of isotopic composition of precipitation in Japan, and a vapour replenishment rate is inferred by either advection or evaporation of about 5% of the precipitation rate. The results could be the basis for a new parameterization of the isotopic equilibration for different precipitation types and rates in General Circulation Models (GCMs). When the model is applied to a GCM, this parameterization is important for places where precipitation occurs at cold temperatures (<15 °C). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
施工企业工程成本控制的效果对该企业经济效益的好坏重要。为实施有效的成本控制,首先要确定本企业的预算成本;其次,在施工过程中,对各种工程成本进行严格控制;最后,将实际成本与预算成本作比较,分析成本控制的效果,同时提出意见和建议。因此建立本单位的人工、材料、机械消耗量定额等标准,合理确定预算成本,对于提高企业的经济效益意义重大。 相似文献
999.
1000.
确立以日蒸发量来作为描述可晾晒程度的物理量。根据日蒸发量与日最高温度、日平均相对湿度等诸多因子的相关性,进行回归计算,建立其预报方程。通过数轴凝聚,对1998、1999年常州市气象站的逐日蒸发量的变化范围并结合天空状况等因素进行分类,以此作为晾晒指数等级的标准。将方程结果与标准相对照,即可得到次日的晾晒指数等级和相应决策。 相似文献