影响热带气旋结构和运动的两类因子的数值研究

利用一个β平面正压准地转模式，实施了４组时间积分大于５ｄ的试验。结果表明：涡度平流和β效应同样重要，它们对热带气旋的结构和移动均具有明显影响。     

A BFG model for calculation of tidal current and diffusion of pollutants in nearshore areas

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浅海浮力平流效应

浮力平流直接影响着海洋内部的湍流混合过程，制约着海洋热盐结构的形成和变化。这一过程在浅海，尤其在象渤黄海那样具有较强浮力平流的中国大陆沿岸带海区，是十分重要的。本文主要讨论浅海浮力平流对温跃层和海洋锋的影响，从理论上导出在浮力平流效应作用下期混合锋的公式，并以南黄海为例进行了计算，计算结果是令人满意的。     

Current and Turbidity Variations in the Western Part of Suo-Nada, the Seto Inland Sea, Japan: A Hypothesis on the Oxygen-Deficient Water Mass Formation

A hydrographic survey and a 25-hour stationary observation were carried out in the western part of Suo-Nada in the summer of 1998 to elucidate the formation mechanism of the oxygen-deficient water mass. A steep thermocline and halocline separated the upper layer water from the bottom water over the observational area except for near the Kanmon Strait. The bottom water, in comparison with the upper layer water, indicated lower temperature, higher salinity, lower dissolved oxygen, higher turbidity, and higher chlorophyll a. Turbidity in the upper layer water changed with semi-diurnal period while the bottom water turbidity showed a quarter-diurnal variation, though the M₂ tidal current prevailed in both waters. From the turbidity distribution and the current variation, it is revealed that the turbidity in the upper layer water is controlled by the advection due to the M₂ tidal current. On the other hand, the quarter-diurnal variation in the bottom water turbidity is caused by the resuspension of bottom sediments due to the M₂ tidal current. The steep thermocline and halocline were maintained throughout the observation period in spite of the rather strong tidal currents. This implies an active intrusion of the low temperature and high salinity water from the east to the bottom of Suo-Nada. Based on the observational results, a hypothesis on the oxygen-deficient water mass formation was proposed; the periodical turbidity variation in the bottom water quickly modifies the oxygen-rich water in the east to the oxygen-deficient bottom water in Suo-Nada in a course of circulation.     

Modelling the population dynamics of Calanus in the Fair Isle current of northern Scotland

The population dynamics of a marine zooplankton species in the Fair Isle Current off northern Scotland have been investigated by modelling and field study. An age- and weight-structured model of a population of the copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus was embedded in a biomass based ecosystem model comprising nutrients, phytoplankton, and other non-Calanus zooplankton. The model was configured to represent a Lagrangian water column drifting in the Fair Isle Current off the north of Scotland during June 1988, with physical characteristics derived from the results of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the northwest European shelf. The time-series results from the model were compared to data from a semi-synoptic field study by assuming the system to be short-term steady state and transposing the spatially resolved field observations into pseudo-time series along the modelled column drift track. The hydrodynamic model correctly reproduced the general physical characteristics of the system which were destratification of an initially stratified water column as a result of advection through a tidally energetic mixing zone, and subsequent re-establishment of stratification with distance downstream. The biological components of the model were broadly successful at reproducing the main features of the phytoplankton biomass response to the physical processes. The field data indicated that, despite the short-term changes in phytoplankton abundance along the drift track, the stage composition and biomass of the Calanus population was relatively stable. However, the model revealed that the main diagnostic features of the response were at the individual level, reflected in the weight at age distribution and reproductive output. The study highlights the difficulty of obtaining adequate data for testing complex models of zooplankton responses to short-term spatio-temporal variations in physical forcing.     

"04.12"华北大到暴雪过程切变线的动力诊断

利用地面实测资料和MM5模式输出产品,对2004年12月20~22日发生在华北地区的大到暴雪天气过程的切变线进行了动力诊断分析,结果表明:此次暴雪过程与中尺度切变线的发展东移直接关联。涡度诊断表明:正涡度区的演变与切变线的发展、东移和北抬密切相关,正涡度区内“正涡度核”对预报强降雪的出现有先兆指示意义。涡度、散度垂直剖面图显示,涡度、散度场的空间配置极有利于暴雪切变线发展及暴雪形成与维持。湿相对位涡和涡度变率诊断揭示,涡度变率强度与中低空的条件对称不稳定密切相关;暴雪区上空从低层到高层存在的湿位涡负值中心是造成中低层涡度变率增大及暴雪增幅的重要原因之一;而涡度变率较涡度更能准确反映切变线发生发展的物理机制。     

一次大面积降雪多普勒速度特征

利用CINRAD／CC多普勒雷达速度回波资料分析了2002年12月15—16日凌晨新疆北部沿天山一带的大面积降雪过程。结果表明：速度资料中的冷(暖)平流和辐合(散)与降雪的形成、维持和消散关系密切。逆风区和速度梯度大的区域附近一般与反射率因子较大值区域相对应。而且，速度回波分布变化较强度回波分布变化提前，对降雪的短时预报有一定指导意义。