新疆巴楚中—晚奥陶世牙形刺生物地层和沉积环境研究

塔里木盆地中央隆起区的中—上奥陶统灰岩相地层露头分布在巴楚良里塔格地区的一间房—唐王城。以牙形刺动物群为依据厘定3个组的时代,从下至上为一间房组(Periodus flabellum层、Pygodus serra层,属达瑞威尔阶)、吐木休克组(Pygodus anserinus层、Baltoniodus alobatus带,属桑比阶)和良里塔格组(含B.confluens动物群层,属凯迪阶下部)。一间房组的开始标志了新一期的海进,此组下段发育1期藻丘,中段发育1期藻丘、1期瓶筐石礁丘和3—4期瓶筐石—棘屑滩,上段代表了海水加深至浪基面之下的过程;吐木休克组沉积过程中达到了海进最大值,为凝缩沉积;良里塔格组代表了逐渐海退的过程,由浅滩和3期藻丘建造组成。     

尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统储层岩石学特征及控制因素分析

本文对尼日尔Termit盆地17口井218个井壁取芯样品开展普通薄片、阴极发光、X衍射、扫描电镜及重矿物分析,研究上白垩统储层的岩石学特征,并探讨其控制因素。实验分析结果表明,Termit盆地上白垩统储层的岩石类型主要为石英砂岩,成分成熟度高,以石英为主,含量达86%以上,钾长石、方解石及斜长石等含少量,占比约5%,这种岩石类型对原生孔隙的保存比较有利;填隙物主要为粘土杂基,含量为7%左右,矿物成分以高岭石为主,利于对晶间孔的保留;岩石中发育硅质、方解石和铁质等胶结类型,胶结物的含量占比较小,对储层的破坏作用不大;重矿物类型为磁铁矿、赤铁矿、锆石、磷灰石,推测物源区的母岩类型主要为花岗岩;以细粒结构和少量的不等粒结构为主,分选中等-差,磨圆度一般为次棱角-次圆状,磨圆差。与国内石英砂岩沉积于高能的滨浅海环境不同,研究区石英砂岩成分成熟度高,但分选程度和磨圆度较低,一方面反映了物源区母岩富含石英,同时也反映了这种石英砂岩沉积于近源的河流-三角洲环境。影响研究区上白垩统储层物性的主要因素是岩石类型及成岩作用,由于储层的岩石类型为石英砂岩,压实作用对储层的破坏作用较一般岩石类型偏小。砂岩埋深小于2500m时,主要发育原生孔隙,面孔率大于15%。溶蚀作用对本区储层产生一定的影响,最常见的为长石的溶蚀,溶蚀作用形成粒内溶孔和粒间溶孔,还会扩大原生孔隙形成混合孔,改善了砂岩的储集性能。     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组上、下段的岩性-岩相特征及对铀成矿的差异性控制作用

为查明鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组上段、下段的岩性-岩相特征以及参与蚀变作用的流体强度差异,开展了系统的岩心观察、剖面对比,并结合黏土矿物、碳氧同位素和U、Th元素等手段进行分析。结果表明,研究区南部直罗组上段主要由灰绿色、红色泥岩夹透镜状红色、黄色、灰绿色砂岩组成,北部主要由红色泥岩与灰绿色砂岩构成,南北部下段均由灰白色、灰绿色砂岩或砂砾岩夹薄层泥岩组成。直罗组红色砂岩为原生沉积,灰绿色砂岩为后生改造类型;上段受含氧含铀水和深部还原性流体作用强度较下段变弱,且由北向南作用程度降低,北部还原蚀变岩石与原生岩石共存,南部基本保留原生岩石;下段则受流体改造更为充分,主体为后生蚀变岩石。直罗组不同类型砂体的展布兼受沉积相和后期流体双重作用,但强弱差异性明显,限制了铀矿化产出在直罗组下段砂体中的定位,因此,上、下段应作为不同的成矿体系讨论。     

内蒙古河套盆地晚更新世地层划分、环境演变及黄河的贯通

内蒙古河套盆地为受断裂控制形成的新生代断陷盆地,盆地中积水成湖,称河套古湖。晚更新世时期,河套古湖为继承性闭塞型断陷湖。上更新统主要为湖泊沉积体系,地层划分建组为上部东河村组、中部万水泉组、下部达拉特组。达拉特组在湖盆连续沉降条件及半深湖深湖中硫酸盐型、碳酸盐型湖水交替环境下沉积形成。万水泉组在湖盆沉降速率与沉积速率大体平衡条件及浅湖半深湖中半咸水湖环境下沉积形成。东河村组在湖盆沉降速率小于沉积速率条件下以及半咸水湖、局部时期为碳酸盐湖环境下的滨浅湖中沉积形成。晚更新世末期,河套古湖处于大湖水期,晋陕内蒙古交界处河流袭夺、河套盆地北侧山前断裂强烈活动和超强地震导致河套古湖湖水快速外泄,银川盆地、河套盆地、晋陕峡谷贯通而形成今日黄河河道。     

低渗透储层孔隙结构影响因素及其定量评价——以准噶尔盆地金龙2地区二叠系上乌尔禾组二段为例

利用薄片、扫描电镜、物性及压汞等资料,对金龙2地区三叠系上乌尔禾组二段(P_3w_2)低渗(含砾)砂岩储层孔隙结构及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:①乌二段属于低孔低渗储层,根据压汞曲线参数特征,将其孔隙结构划分为三类。②成岩作用控制了储层孔隙结构,定量计算结果表明,乌二段视压实率平均为53.54%、视胶结率平均为47.53%、视溶蚀率平均为13.84%、视微孔隙率平均为60.67%,表现为中等压实、中—强胶结、弱溶蚀、微孔发育等特征;压实作用、胶结作用、微孔隙发育主要控制储层孔隙结构的形成。③引入成岩综合指数来定量表征各种成岩作用的综合强度,其与储层孔隙结构参数(排驱压力、分选系数)以及储层品质因子(RQI)具有较好的统计相关关系,Ⅰ类储层成岩综合指数大于8%,Ⅱ类储层成岩综合指数为2%～8%,Ⅲ类储层成岩综合指数小于2%。因此,可以利用成岩综合指数定量评价储层孔隙结构。     

平庄盆地六家立井地区找铀目标层岩石学特征及其找矿意义

六家立井地区位于平庄盆地北缘,白垩系下统阜新组上段是该区砂岩型铀矿床目标层位,具有较好找铀前景。为深入了解该区砂体的岩石学特征,通过野外钻探工作、岩心编录、样品采集及岩矿测试方法,详细研究了目标层碎屑岩类型、碎屑岩成分、结构构造等岩石学方面特征。结果表明目标层碎屑岩成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,具有搬运距离短、沉积速度快的特点,其物源较单一,初步判断物源来自盆地东北部和西北部隆起带酸性花岗岩,同时也为铀成矿提供了良好的铀源。     

New chitinozoans from the historical type area of the Hirnantian Stage and additional key sections in the Wye Valley,Wales, UK

The type locality for several core elements of the Hirnantia brachiopod fauna is a small disused quarry on the western slopes of Cwm Hirnant. There, the Hirnant Limestone Member of the Foel‐y‐Ddinas Mudstone Formation yields a new, well‐preserved chitinozoan assemblage, attributed to the Spinachitina taugourdeaui Biozone. This allows tight correlation with the Hirnantian of Baltica and Laurentia and neatly ties the chitinozoan zonation with the classical brachiopod fauna. Nearby, the chitinozoan assemblage from the Caradoc Cymerig Limestone Member at Gelli‐grîn belongs to the Spinachitina cervicornis Biozone?, and is identical to that recovered from the Burrellian in the Onny Valley, Welsh Borderland. A Silurian assemblage higher up section, discovered in the Cwm‐yr‐Aethnen Formation, is attributed to the globally recognized Eisenackitina dolioliformis Biozone. Attempts to integrate the chitinozoan and graptolite biozonation, in the central Welsh Rhayader area, were less successful. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

IMPACT OF CONVECTION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ON TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION OVER THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC DURING SUMMER MONSOON

The intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) of the South China Sea(SCS, 105-120°E, 5-20°N) convection and its influences on the genesis and track of the western North Pacific(WNP) tropical cyclones(TCs) were explored, based on the daily average of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the OLR data and the western North Pacific tropical cyclone best-track data from 1979 to 2008. The mechanism of the influences of ISO on TC movement and the corresponding large-scale circulation were discussed by a trajectory model. It was found as follows.(1) During the SCS summer monsoon, the SCS convection exhibits the ISO features with active phases alternating with inactive phases. The monsoon circulation patterns are significantly different during these two phases. When the SCS convection is active(inactive), the SCS-WNP monsoon trough stretches eastward(retreats westward) due to the activity(inactivity) of SCS monsoon, and the WNP subtropical high retreats eastward(stretches westward), which enhances(suppresses) the monsoon circulation.(2) The amount of TC genesis in the active phase is much more than that in the inactive phase. A majority of TCs form west of 135 °E during the active phases but east of 135 °E in the inactive phases.(3) The TCs entering the area west of 135 °E and south of 25 °N would move straight into the SCS in the active phase, or recurve northward in the inactive phase.(4) Simulation results show that the steering flow associated with the active(inactive)phases is in favor of straight-moving(recurving) TCs. Meanwhile, the impacts of the locations of TC genesis on the characteristics of TC track cannot be ignored. TCs that occurred father westward are more likely to move straight into the SCS region.     

夏季南亚高压与邻近上对流层下平流层区水汽变化的联系

利用1979-2015年ERA-interim月平均再分析资料,分析了夏季南亚高压（SAH）与邻近上对流层下平流层（UTLS）区水汽空间分布特征,讨论了二者的相关关系和因果联系。结果表明:（1）在对流层上层,水汽大值区位于南亚高压的东南侧,并随高度升高向西北倾斜到100 hPa,水汽大值中心基本位于南亚高压中心附近。（2）南亚高压偏强（弱）时,南亚高压东部UTLS区水汽显著偏多（少）,而南亚高压西北部水汽异常不显著。（3）南亚高压偏强（弱）时南亚高压中部UTLS区水汽偏多（少）可能与南亚高压对水汽的抽吸和对水汽输送屏障有关。（4）而南亚高压东南侧UTLS区水汽偏多（少）时南亚高压偏强（弱）可能与深对流输送的水汽潜热释放有关。