Ontogenetic and gender-modulated behavioural rhythms in the deep-water decapods Liocarcinus depurator (Brachyura: Portunidae), Munida tenuimana and Munida intermedia (Anomura: Galatheidae)

The regulation and expression of biological rhythms with respect to sex and ontogeny in deep-water benthic decapod crustaceans constitutes an exciting field in marine biology that is far from understood. Liocarcinus depurator , Munida intermedia and Munida tenuimana are ecologically key crustacean decapod species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean shelves and slopes, and their activity rhythms in the field are poorly known. Our aim was to measure the behavioural rhythms of these species, while at the same time defining their type of displacement ( i.e. endobenthic, nektobenthic or benthopelagic). Whether gender and ontogeny modulate the rhythmic behaviour of these decapods is unknown, and we sought to clarify this issue. A temporally scheduled series of trawl hauls and light intensity measures was performed on the western Mediterranean shelf (100–110 m depth) and slope (400–430 m), close to the autumn equinox and the summer solstice. The sex and the size of animals in the catches were analysed. Catch patterns were evaluated through waveform and periodogram analyses. Liocarcinus depurator was captured at night on the shelf, whereas on the slope, animals displayed peaks both in the middle of the day and night. Size-related differences (but no gender differences) were found in its rhythmic behaviour, possibly due to intra-specific competition ( e.g. fighting) between juveniles and adults. Munida intermedia were weakly diurnal in October and both diurnal and nocturnal in June. Munida tenuimana presented no discernible rhythmicity in October, but was nocturnal in June. Both species showed no evident sex or size modulation of their behaviour. Data were interpreted assuming that all tested species present an endobenthic behaviour ( i.e. animals emerge from the substrate during the active phase of their behavioural cycle).     

第四纪加积型红土与下蜀黄土理化特征比较

加积型红土和下蜀黄土是我国亚热带地区常见的第四纪沉积物。测试了加积型红土的粒度、矿物与石英砂表面特征、磁化率、常量元素和稀土元素等理化指标,并与下蜀黄土进行了对比分析,结果表明,加积型红土与下蜀黄土在理化特征上具有整体相似性,显示风成特性,但较下蜀黄土经历了更为强烈的化学风化作用。同一剖面自下而上为加积型红土至棕黄色下蜀土的沉积序列,揭示了中更新世至晚更新世风化成壤强度减弱、气候由湿热向干凉转变的趋势;北亚热带和中亚热带沉积年代相当的下蜀土风化特征差异反映了古环境变化的纬度效应。     

南海上层对台风响应的模拟研究

利用中尺度海气耦合模式对2006年第1号台风Chanchu海气相互作用的模拟结果.分析了南海上层海洋对台风的热力和动力响应特征.研究发现:模拟的chanchu影响下南海SST分布与观测较为符合;与SST降低相对应的是混合层深度普遍增加,较大的海面冷却对应了较大的混合层加深;在台风作用下,海面上产生了一个气旋式环流,随着台风中心的移动而移动.流场呈现明显的不对称结构;模拟结果表明南海对台风的响应具有很明显的近惯性振荡特征.     

WRF模式同化系统在“碧利斯”台风暴雨数值模拟中的应用

利用美国高分辨率中尺度模式WRF(weacherResearch and Forccast)式和、WRF三维同化系统(WRF 3DVAR),以2006年"碧利斯"台风低压引发的暴雨天气过程为例,通过控制试验和同化试验的对比分析,探讨了高空和地面实况资料同化对台风低压"碧利斯"暴雨过程分析和预报的影响.初步的结果显示,同化高空和地面实况资料后对模式的初始场有明显的改进、对暴雨过程的降水落区和强度有不同程度的正反馈,更接近实况的降水.     

台风灾害极值预测——模式和应用

台风灾害是影响中国2.5亿人民生命财产和经济发展的重大问题。鉴于现行台风防灾减灾领域存在的问题,提出了"多维复合极值分布"理论及相应的"双层嵌套多目标概率模式",并应用于美国卡特列娜飓风巨灾预测和验证、上海设防标准、杭州湾特大超高水位,三峡设计洪水的概率预测及风险分析,显示了新理论的科学性、先进性和实用性。     

潮汐河口坝田长宽比对泥沙淤积特征影响试验研究

在航道治理工程中,往往通过丁坝群来实现其稳定航槽等目的,而坝田作为缓流区,其与主槽的水沙交换主要取决于横向的紊动交换。基于长江口北槽丁坝群实测资料分析和物理模型水槽试验研究发现不同长宽比坝田内的流态、淤积形态、坝田与相邻河段水沙交换的机理均不同,在长江口北槽丁坝群坝田建成后的淤积初期阶段,长宽比为0.30～0.40的坝田内的平均淤积强度最大。水槽试验研究表明,长宽比为0.50的坝田内淤积的主要部位即为主环流所在位置(坝田外侧),而在副环流位置,则出现微淤或冲刷的趋势;而长宽比为0.33的坝田内的淤积分布相对比较均匀。长宽比为0.33的坝田内淤积速率明显大于长宽比为0.50的坝田,长宽比为0.33的坝田达到冲淤平衡的时间较长。坝田淤积强度与随坝田回流强度、坝田与主槽水沙交换系数的增加而增加。     

不同初始场对台风Khanun模拟效果的影响及其暴雨过程的螺旋度分析

利用中尺度非静力MM5模式,在NCEP和JMA两种初始场方案下,对2005年严重影响我国的15号台风Khanun的登陆过程进行了数值模拟,模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测的比较表明:台风对初始场十分敏感,JMA初始场方案在台风路径、强度和暴雨预报上较NCEP初始场方案都有显著改善。利用JMA方案高分辨模拟结果,对台风暴雨过程的螺旋度特征进行了诊断分析,结果表明:暴雨区上空螺旋度呈高层负值区,低层正中心分布,低层700hPa和850hPa螺旋度高值中心位置和强度演变对未来6h暴雨落区与强度有一定指示意义。     

遗传算法与神经网络相结合的热带气旋强度预报方法试验

以1960~2001年共41 a的7月和8月西行进入南海海域的热带气旋样本为基础,采用遗传算法与神经网络相结合的方法,进行了热带气旋强度预报模型的预报建模研究.并根据相同的热带气旋个例,将这种遗传-神经网络热带气旋强度预报模型与气候持续法热带气旋强度预报方法进行对比分析,试验预报结果表明,遗传-神经网络方法具有更好的预报能力.     

Wave-tide-surge coupled model simulation for Typhoon Maemi

1 IntroductionThe main reason for coupling the tide and surgehydrodynamic model with a surface wave model canbe found in the physical interactions taking place inthe surface and bottom boundary layers. During thesevere storm conditions such interactions a…