无人机航测水域控制点布设方案的精度试验

针对大面积水域航测控制点布设困难,成果精度难以保障的问题,该文重点研究了在其周边区域布设控制点的方法,提出采用密周边隔基线的区域网控制点布设方法,逐步增加控制点布设间距,减少控制点数量,优化区域网控制点布设方案。相比于传统航测区域网控制点布设方法,其需要的外业控制点则更少,而达到的成果精度相当,提高了经济效益。试验显示,控制点采用"密周边2~12条基线间距布设"可满足测制1∶500大比例尺地形图精度的要求。     

1998年南海夏季风环流与动能 收支的多尺度特征

利用1998年NCEP/NCAR日平均资料研究南海夏季风环流及动能收支的多尺度变化。 结果表明1998年南海夏季风环流在对流层高层以季节变化为主，在低空以季节内变化为主；但在整个对流层，动能收支各项的变化均表现为短周期变化过程较强，而季节变化则较弱。在夏季风爆发前后，动能收支主要取决于120d和30～60d变化，爆发阶段突出了准两周与天气尺度变化的重要作用。     

钱塘江河口尖山河段整治规划线的方案试验研究

根据实测资料分析和二维数值计算 ,借助实体模型 ,通过定床与动床试验 ,比较分析了两种整治规划线方案。结果表明 ,推荐方案对削弱尖山以上江道的潮势 ,改善萧绍平原的排涝条件 ,效果显著     

长江口及其邻近海区主要经济虾类的生态研究

本文主要取材于1985—1986年长江口渔业资源试捕调查资料。研究结果表明,分布在长江口海区的虾类,由于受长江冲淡水径流的影响,形成三种生态型:(1)河口半咸水类型,如两种白虾;(2)低盐水类型,如葛氏长臂虾;(3)外侧次高盐水类型,如鹰爪虾和两种仿对虾。代表各生态型虾类,一般具有繁殖期较长的特点,其生命周期可为一年或一年多。虾类体长分布较为复杂,在当年生的幼虾生长期间,秋冬季虾群中常有幼虾和成虾混栖。因而,种群体长分布有两组群体并存。     

冬季东亚主要行星尺度环流分量的时空特征及其相互行用

本文采用一种复经验正交函数分析方法和滤波技术,对1978—79年冬季全球冬季风实验资料系列FGGE-Ⅲb进行分析,尤其对东亚地区时间尺度10—20天的主要行星尺度环流分量进行分解,结果表明影响气压和厚度场的决定性因子是冷季风潮,受季风潮影响200百帕上无辐散风u_φ第一模态以1—2天滞后沿经向和纬向有类似于季风潮的传播;季风潮振动导致局地经向环流相应变化,以无旋风V_X第一模态表示的Hadley环流几乎无经向传播但有明显的纬向传播,并在传播过程中加强;热带对于副热带存在反馈并通过u_φ第二模态实现。在急流入口处u_X第二模态表示次级环流的存在,其水平尺度约20个纬距。     

风浪状态对海面拖曳系数的影响

通过对四种参数化方法的比较,认为风海雷诺数RB较风速、波龄和波陡能更好地描述拖曳系数CDN。利用分组平均法对CDN与RB关系进行处理,得到最佳的CDN参数化方案。利用COARE3算法测试了四种依赖海况的粗糙长度,与实测结果进行了比较,结果表明CDN与RB的关系式更真实地反映了海-气界面动量交换过程。     

Toward a mechanistic understanding of larval dispersal: insights from genomic fingerprinting of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila

Larval dispersal is critical for the maintenance of species populations in patchy and ephemeral hydrothermal vent habitats. On fast‐spreading ridges, such as the East Pacific Rise, rates of habitat turnover are comparable to estimated lifespans of many of the inhabiting species. Traditionally, dispersal questions have been addressed with two very different approaches, larval studies and population genetics. Population genetic studies of vent‐endemic species have been informative for determining whether patterns of dispersal are suggestive of stepping stone or island models and estimating rates of gene flow (effective migrants per generation) over broad geographic ranges. However, these studies leave fundamental questions unanswered about the specific mechanisms by which larvae disperse and species maintain their populations and biogeographic ranges. With the goal of examining genetic structure and elucidating alternative larval dispersal mechanisms, we employed a genomic DNA fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). To assess the potential utility of AFLPs, and genetic structure of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila, genomic ‘fingerprints’ were recovered from 29 individuals from five vent fields spanning a distance of up to c. 5000 km along the East Pacific Rise. In contrast to previous population genetic studies that found little to no genetic structure using allozymes and mitochondrial DNA, genetic analyses of 630 polymorphic AFLP loci identified distinct subclades within R. pachyptila populations. Significant levels of differentiation were observed among populations from all vent regions as well as within each region. Discrete assemblages of tubeworms separated by as little as c. 400 m within a given vent region were genetically distinguishable and cohorts (based on size‐frequency distribution) within an aggregation were found to be most closely related. These results suggest that mechanisms of larval dispersal act to retain cohort fidelity in R. pachyptila.