连云港沿海地区及近海风能资源评估

通过对连云港市30多年气象整编资料及沿海高密度自动气象站、6座测风塔、4座海岛气象站等加密观测资料研究,在充分考虑当地特殊地形特点的基础上,探讨了该地区沿海及近海风能资源的时空分布规律及特点,并重点对风湍流强度的特征及强湍流对风电的影响进行了剖析;研究表明,近海地区风能资源储量相对丰富,风速变化稳定,且风垂直切变较小,具有更为广阔的开发利用前景.     

内蒙古敖汉旗早三叠世正长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学特征

正近些年研究显示华北地台北缘存在一条近东西向展布的早三叠世后造山的花岗岩带,在吉林东部,内蒙古中部及西部地区具有发现,但在赤峰敖汉旗地区还未见报道。本次工作在敖汉旗区域地质调查过程中,从原来侏罗纪岩体中重新厘定出一套正长花岗岩,本文对其年代学及地球化学进行介绍,以探讨华北地台北缘中段-东段过渡带的古亚洲洋闭合时限。     

西藏革吉地区沙木罗组碎屑锆石年代学研究:物源及其对班公湖-怒江特提斯洋西段闭合时限的制约

班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆的闭合时限对理解班公湖-怒江结合带的构造演化意义重大。本文采用碎屑锆石年代学的方法,分析了班公湖-怒江结合带西段革吉地区沙木罗组下段与沙木罗组上段的物源特征及差异,为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆西段的闭合时间提供了新的证据。研究结果表明沙木罗组下段碎屑锆石年龄分布于2586±26Ma～130±1. 5Ma之间,显示出1个主峰年龄约165Ma,1个次峰年龄约240Ma。碎屑锆石年龄分6个组别,集中在2600～2400Ma、2000～1900Ma、1000～840Ma、500～400Ma、340～200Ma和200～130Ma,分别与新太古代克拉通汇聚事件、哥伦比亚超大陆相关的构造热事件、新元古代构造热事件、冈瓦纳大陆边缘安第斯型造山作用的岩浆活动事件、龙木错-双湖结合带岩浆活动事件和班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆俯冲消减的岩浆活动事件一一对应。沙木罗组上段碎屑锆石年龄分布于2558±22Ma～101±1. 0Ma之间,显示出1个主峰年龄约107Ma,2个次峰年龄分别约226Ma、150Ma。碎屑锆石年龄集中分布于1个年龄组为122～101Ma,记录了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆俯冲消减的岩浆活动。通过与潜在源区的年龄谱峰进行对比,沙木罗组下段物源区与南羌塘地块有良好的亲缘性,表明其沉积物物源主要为南羌塘地块,其中南羌塘岩浆弧可能为其主要贡献者。沙木罗组上段物源区与南羌塘地块和北拉萨地块均具有良好的亲缘性,其沉积物物源具有双源性,分别来源于南羌塘岩浆弧和北拉萨岩浆弧。沙木罗组下段和上段沉积物物源的差异性暗示它们形成的沉积环境和物源区不同。对比分析沙木罗组下段和上段岩石学、碎屑锆石形态学等特征,也揭示了类似的差异性。结合其他相关地质资料,认为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆在革吉地区的主体闭合时间约115～110Ma,其代表性岩浆事件为南羌塘地块和北拉萨地块的早白垩世岩浆弧,沙木罗组为班公湖-怒江特提斯洋盆由俯冲消减到闭合过程中的沉积产物。     

结合毫米波雷达提取降水条件下风廓线雷达大气垂直速度的研究

风廓线雷达主要是利用大气湍流对电磁波的散射作用,在晴空条件下对大气风场等进行探测。在降水天气下,风廓线雷达能同时接收到大气湍流回波和雨滴的散射回波信号,其探测到的回波功率谱中降水信号谱和大气湍流信号谱叠加在一起,使得大气的运动被雨滴的运动信息所掩盖,给后续的大气风场反演带来误差。而毫米波云雷达在降水天气下仅能探测到云雨粒子的回波而无法探测到大气湍流回波,基于这一差异结合毫米波云雷达资料对风廓线雷达功率谱数据进行订正,剔除其中的降水回波信息,进而获取正确的大气运动垂直速度。通过一次典型弱降水天气过程的雷达资料对该方法进行了可行性验证,并将计算得出的大气垂直速度与传统双峰法提取的大气运动垂直速度及原始风廓线雷达垂直速度进行了对比分析,显示在弱降水天气下该方法能有效消除降水对风廓线雷达垂直速度测量的影响,提高弱降水天气下测速准确率,并且在湍流谱极其微弱的情况下该方法也能准确地获取到大气运动垂直速度信息。但是云雷达回波在降水时会有衰减,虽然是弱降水也会导致在高层距离库上的订正效果变差,故目前只适用于弱降水时低距库处的降水订正。      

A LIMITED-LENGTH-SCALE k-ε MODEL FOR THE NEUTRAL AND STABLY-STRATIFIED ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER

Analytical and numerical models of the neutral and stably-stratifiedatmospheric boundary layer are reviewed. Theoretical arguments andcomputational models suggest that a quasi-steady state is attainable in aboundary layer cooled from below and it is shown how this may be incorporatedwithin a time-steady, one-dimensional model. A new length-scale-limitedk- model is proposed for flows where a global maximum mixing length isimposed by the finite boundary-layer depth or, in stably-stratifiedconditions, by the Obukhov length, whilst still reducing to a form consistentwith the logarithmic law in the surface layer. Simulations compare favourablywith data from the Leipzig experiment and from Cardington airfield inEngland.     

TURBULENCE STRUCTURE IN A STRATIFIED BOUNDARY LAYER UNDER STABLE CONDITIONS

Turbulence structure in stably stratified boundary layers isexperimentally investigated by using a thermally stratified wind tunnel. Astably stratified flow is created by heating the wind tunnel airflow to atemperature of about 50 °C and by cooling the test-section floor to asurface temperature of about 3 °C. In order to study the effect ofbuoyancy on turbulent boundary layers for a wide range of stability, thevelocity and temperature fluctuations are measured simultaneously at adownwind position of 23.5 m from the tunnel entrance, where the boundarylayer is fully developed. The Reynolds number, Re, ranges from 3.14× 104 to 1.27 × 105, and the bulk Richardson number, Ri,ranges from 0 to 1.33. Stable stratification rapidly suppresses thefluctuations of streamwise velocity and temperature as well as the verticalvelocity fluctuation. Momentum and heat fluxes are also significantlydecreased with increasing stability and become nearly zero in the lowest partof the boundary layer with strong stability. The vertical profiles ofturbulence quantities exhibit different behaviour in three distinct stabilityregimes, the neutral flows, the stratified flows with weak stability(Ri = 0.12, 0.20) and those with strong stability (Ri= 0.39,0.47, 1.33). Of these, the two regimes of stratified flows clearly showdifferent vertical profiles of the local gradient Richardson number Ri,separated by the critical Richardson number Ri cr of about 0.25. Moreover,turbulence quantities in stable conditions are well correlated with Ri.     

低空急流识别及急流轴自动绘制方法研究

低空急流对强对流天气的预报有重要意义。针对目前低空急流主要由手工绘制,存在效率低、易受主观因素影响的问题,本文基于MICAPS高空全要素填图数据中的探空站风场信息,提出了一种低空急流自动识别及急流轴自动绘制算法。算法从急流轴定义出发,依次从风速、风向、探空站分布、中轴线位置等多个角度对低空急流轴进行检测。经过传递闭包聚类、急流轴关键点提取、不同风向急流轴关键点归并、急流轴平滑等步骤,实现了低空急流自动识别及急流轴的自动绘制。测试表明,在识别的基础上自动绘制的急流轴具有位置准确、形态自然、能完整反映急流水汽输送路径、适应复杂环境低空急流等特点。在291组测试数据中未发现空报,准确击中率达到94.96%。     

Measurements of the vertical correlation in turbulence under broken waves

Turbulence measurements have been carried out in the surf zone of a wave flume. The purpose of the measurements is to determine the length scale of the turbulence generated by the wave breaking. The length scale of the turbulence is estimated on basis of the correlation between simultaneous measurements of the vertical turbulent fluctuations, taken at different levels above the bed.     

腾冲地块西缘那邦基性麻粒岩中石榴石Sm-Nd等时线年龄及其意义

石榴石 Ｓｍ  Ｎｄ 等时线法是近年来常用于较新年龄的测年方法。腾冲地块西缘新近发现的基性麻粒岩中石榴石和全岩的 Ｓｍ  Ｎｄ 等时线年龄为 １７～２５ Ｍａ, 是该麻粒岩经受后期变形变质作用的年龄, 与区内右旋走滑断裂活动时限相一致,为确证腾冲地区的右旋走滑断裂是印支地块逸出的西部边界提供了 Ｓｍ  Ｎｄ 等时线方法的年龄约束。并推断石榴石 Ｓｍ  Ｎｄ 体系的封闭温度较低, 应低于那邦变质基性岩晚期变质作用的６４０℃～７２０℃。     

A three-dimensional multi-level turbulence model for tidal motion

A three-dimensional multi-level turbulence model is developed to simulate tide induced circulation in coastal waters. Based on the bathymetry data, the coastal waters are divided into a number of layers. In every layer, the velocities are integrated along the layer depth. The eddy viscosity and diffusivity are computed from the Prandtl mixing length turbulence model. This multi-level model solves for the water surface elevations and currents in different water depths. Comparison of numerical results with the measured data shows good conformity.