山区城市地下空间资源评价与开发利用模式——以延安市为例

山区城市受地形地貌条件的限制,面临建设用地不足、交通拥挤、人口密集的压力,地表空间严重短缺。然而,特殊的地形地貌与地质环境条件却有利于地下空间的开发利用。地下空间将成为山区城市发展中的一种宝贵资源。本文以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的延安市为例,基于地形、岩土、水文地质和地质灾害等地质环境条件,并考虑文物保护区及城市功能设施、空间需求及经济因素,评估了延安市区376.68 km^2地下空间天然资源量、可开发资源量,对河谷以下50 m及川道两侧1 km内的地下空间资源适宜性进行了定性评估。结果表明,延安市地下空间资源丰富;地下空间天然资源量、可开发资源量约为188.35、174.48亿方;地下0^-10 m,-10^-30 m,-30^-50 m适宜开发的地下空间资源量分别为23.25、11.52、1.44亿方,较适宜开发的分别为4.18、62.44、71.65亿方,沿川道两侧适宜开发的侧向山体空间资源量为12.29亿方,较适宜开发的资源量为81.50亿方;延安市围岩类别自Ⅱ-Ⅵ级,其中Ⅱ-Ⅳ级围岩工程性质良好,有利于地下空间开发。本文提出了"垂向地下+侧向山体"地下空间组合开发的理念,同时提出了延安市地面建设和地下空间协同开发方案,这将成为延安乃至其他山区城市发展的一种新模式。     

Delimitation of Urban Growth Boundary Based on the Coordination of Ecology and Residential Activity Spaces: A Case Study of Jinan,China

Delimitation of an urban growth boundary (UGB) can effectively curb disorderly urban expansion, optimize urban development space and protect the ecological environment. Eco-environmental sensitivity was evaluated and areas prohibiting construction expansion were extracted by establishing an index system. Point of interest (POI) and microblog data were utilized to analyze the expansion of residential activity space. Urban space expansion potential was calculated using a comprehensive evaluation model, and an urban growth boundary for Jinan in 2020 was delimited combining the predicted urban expansion scale. The results showed that: (1) An evaluation of eco-environmental sensitivity can effectively protect ecological land and provide an ecological basis for urban expansion. Regions with high eco-environmental sensitivities in Jinan are located along the banks of the Yellow River and Xiaoqing River and in southeast mountainous areas, but eco-environmental sensitivities in the central, north and southeast areas are relatively low; (2) The model to evaluate urban residential activity expansion can quantify the spatial distribution of urban residents' activities. Regions with high potential for residential activity space expansion in Jinan are mainly concentrated in the middle of Jinan and most are part of existing built-up areas and surrounding areas; (3) The method that delimits urban growth boundaries based on the coordination of ecology and residential activity space is reasonable. Spatial expansion in Jinan mainly extends towards the east and west wings, and the boundary conforms to the spatial strategy guiding Jinan’s development and is consistent with the overall layout in related plans. Considering both ecological protection and the internal forces driving urban expansion, the method of urban growth boundary delimitation used in this study can provide a reference and practical help for studies and management of urban development in the new era.     

北斗卫星导航系统SISURE初步评估

北斗导航系统自2018年12月27日提供全球服务以来,其服务性能受到了极大关注.以上海天文台iGMAS (International GNSS MonitoringAssessment System)分析中心发布的精密轨道、钟差产品作为基准,评估了2019年年积日3–12 d的北斗二号、北斗三号以及GPS广播星历的轨道、钟差和空间信号用户测距误差(Signal in Space User Ranging Error, SISURE,简称为URE),并且对北斗卫星导航系统结果进行了详细的分析.结果表明:在评估时间段内,北斗三号广播星历轨道精度、URE均明显优于北斗二号,且部分结果优于GPS.北斗三号广播星历轨道径向精度最高,优于0.2 m.北斗三号全部卫星URE均值优于0.4 m, URE RMS (root mean square)优于0.5 m.北斗二号每颗卫星URE均值、95%URE (置信度为95%的URE)、URE RMS小于2 m,北斗三号每颗卫星URE均值、95%URE、URE RMS小于1 m,均达到了系统公开承诺的服务性能标准.     

基于多源数据的城市建设用地扩张时空特征分析——以佛山市顺德区为例

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市建设用地规模进一步增加,同时带来交通拥堵、环境污染、绿地减少、城市热岛等城市问题。本文综合利用2015年地理国情普查数据、2011和2013年遥感数据,通过建立城市扩张强度指数,运用统计分析、空间聚类等方法,确定了顺德区建设用地在过去4年间年均增长率为1.8%,其中新城区的年均增长率超过14%;此外还发现主城区的扩展模式主要为填充式扩展,其中大良街道和勒流街道主要为工业园区的扩展,伦教街道主要为中央公园的扩展,容桂街道主要为物流园的扩展。     

百色盆地东部古近系那读组湖相灰岩储层特征

湖相碳酸盐岩储层是一个新的油气勘探领域,其研究程度还比较低。本文以百色盆地那坤地区那读组三段下部的湖相灰岩为研究对象,在实测剖面和详细观察岩心的基础上,从岩石学特征、沉积相特征及储集空间类型、孔隙结构类型、储集物性特征等方面详细研究了湖相灰岩的储层特征。指出储集岩主要为各种类型的颗粒灰岩,沉积相以颗粒滩相为主,储集空间类型主要为粒间溶孔和铸模孔,以单一介质的中、细喉(即中小孔结构组合)为主,储层孔隙度主要介于5%～25%之间,渗透率基本上小于1×10-3μm2,滩核微相储集岩的孔隙度和渗透率最高。并从储层孔隙度和渗透率的分布特征及二者间的相关性研究了储层物性的下限值和储层类型划分的界线值,将研究区储集岩划分为4种基本类型。     

基于网络空间点模式的餐饮店空间格局分析

餐饮业是城市经济发展的重要指标,运用合适的方法来研究城市餐饮业的空间格局特征,对城市规划、商业选址和经济发展等具有重要意义。本文以广州市海珠区为例,基于餐饮店POI（兴趣点）数据,利用核密度估计法分析餐饮店的空间分布特性,采用网络核密度法探究其热点路段的分布情况,并利用网络双变量K函数法,分析餐饮店分布与公交站和居民小区的相关性。结果表明：海珠区餐饮店总体分布呈现“西密东疏”的空间格局,具有多中心的空间分布特征;江南中街道餐饮店分布的热点路段主要集中在江南西路和江南大道中沿线,其密度随着与该沿线的距离增加而衰减;在较小范围内,餐饮店的分布与公交站具有显著的聚集关系,而与居民小区不具有显著的聚集关系。对于沿道路分布的空间地理点对象,利用网络空间点模式分析可得到较好结果。     

基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的港口空间格局监测与评估——以营口鲅鱼圈港区为例

文章采用国产GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过对港口内部空间格局以及各组成单元特征进行分析,建立了面向对象的港口空间格局遥感监测方法与步骤,探索构建了码头岸线指数、码头岸线利用指数、码头指数、堆场指数和港池指数等港口空间格局集约利用评估指标,并以营口鲅鱼圈港区为例进行实证研究。结果显示:营口鲅鱼圈港区的码头岸线指数为0.51,码头岸线利用指数为1 498.16万t/km,码头指数为12.23hm~2/km,港池指数为242.76hm~2/km,堆场指数为108.46hm~2/km。码头岸线与码头面积、堆场面积、港池面积的基本比例为1.00∶12.00∶108.00∶250.00。营口鲅鱼圈港区仍有8 821.17万t/a的吞吐量提升空间。     

Data-moderate assessments of Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus and west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis in Namibian waters

There is global interest in providing scientific advice on optimal harvesting of all commercially exploited fish stocks. Nevertheless, many commercially important stocks lack analytical assessments. Therefore, we evaluate a data-moderate stock assessment method: the stochastic surplus production model in continuous time (SPiCT). The method was applied to two Namibian stocks: (i) the data-rich Cape monkfish Lophius vomerinus, where results are compared to a new data-rich assessment using a state–space assessment model (SAM); and (ii) the data-moderate west coast sole Austroglossus microlepis, which is an important bycatch species in the Cape monkfish fishery, but currently unassessed. The information available to the data-moderate assessment is total commercial catch, commercial catch per unit effort (CPUE), and survey CPUE. SPiCT and SAM gave largely consistent estimates of relative fishing mortality (F/F_MSY) and relative exploitable biomass (B/B_MSY) for the Cape monkfish stock, although with some discrepancies. Differences in the biomass estimates between the two assessments suggest that further investigation is required to understand the cause, and that some caution is necessary when considering the biomass of the stock. SPiCT shows that the west coast sole may be overexploited, although the confidence bounds were too wide for a firm conclusion. Similarity in the estimates of F/F_MSY for Cape monkfish in recent years, using SPiCT relative to SAM, likewise indicates the suitability of SPiCT for managing west coast sole.     

基于相空间重构的FOA-GLSSVM深基坑变形预测模型研究

针对LSSVM模型参数选择的随机性与单一变量序列高维度重构参数选择的困难性,将相空间重构理论、果蝇优化算法引入LSSVM模型中,建立基于相空间重构的FOA-GLSSVM变形预测模型。为了验证提出模型的有效性与可靠性,结合具体工程实例与GLSSVM、支持向量机模型及最小二乘支持向量机模型进行对比研究。结果表明,提出的模型精度更好、稳定性更强。     

SSR改正数更新频率及中断时间间隔对实时PPP的影响分析

实验模拟服务器端不同更新频率的SSR改正数对实时精密单点定位的影响,以及客户端改正数中断时长对实时精密单点定位的影响。结果表明,服务器端SSR改正数的播发频率控制在30 s以内可获得cm级定位精度;客户端的SSR改正数中断在150 s之内可获得cm级定位精度,改正数中断200 s可获得20 cm的定位精度,改正数中断300 s可获得亚m级定位精度。