黄陵矿区煤层底板异常涌出气体成因类型

黄陵矿区属于煤油气共生矿区,区内多个工作面发生底板气异常涌出。为探明底板异常涌出气体的成因类型,采集煤层底板气样44个、2号煤层气样12个,进行甲烷碳同位素(δ¹³C₁)、乙烷碳同位素(δ¹³C₂)及甲烷氢同位素(δD_CH4)等地球化学参数测试。测试分析结果表明,煤层底板异常涌出气不是来源于2号煤层,其甲烷碳同位素(δ¹³C₁)测值为-52.20‰~-42.80‰,乙烷碳同位素(δ¹³C₂)值为-37.20‰~-29.01‰,成因类型属油型气。通过对区域烃源岩分布及地层裂隙系统的分析,认为黄陵矿区底板异常涌出气可能来源于三叠系延长组烃源岩。     

中国蛇绿岩与造山带大地构造研究:前言

<正>肖序常院士是我国著名的构造地质学家,他一生致力于蛇绿岩与中国大地构造的研究工作,为中国西部青藏高原、中亚造山带等地区的区域构造与大地构造,以及有关能源、矿产勘查等的研究做出了重要贡献。在肖先生90华诞暨从事地质事业70年之际,我们出版本专辑,向先生致敬!以此     

我国红黏土物理力学性能研究现状及展望

采用文献综述研究方法,梳理了红黏土研究成果并进行了评述,对红黏土的物理力学性质进行了归纳和总结,对红黏土的性能改良研究成果进行了汇总,指出红黏土的物理力学性能的差异性根源在于微观结构的个性差异存在,红黏土性能改良的困难在于红黏土的水敏性和热敏性,红黏土性能改良的关键在于控制其含水率。最后指出了研究不足在于普适性理论和知识体系没有构建,改良方法和技术探究应该加强,展望了红黏土性能改良的物理—化学—生物耦合作用的机理及复合技术开发和应用的研究。     

Reliability of dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography for defining depth to bedrock in covered karst terranes

 Sinkhole collapse is one of the main limitations on the development of karst areas, especially where bedrock is covered by unconsolidated material. Studies of sinkhole formation have shown that sinkholes are likely to develop in cutter (enlarged joint) zones as a result of subterranean erosion by flowing groundwater. Because of the irregular distribution of pinnacles and cutters on the bedrock surface, uncertainties arise when "hit-or-miss" borehole drilling is used to locate potential collapse sites. A high-resolution geophysical technique capable of depicting the details of the bedrock surface is essential for guiding the drilling program. Dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to map the bedrock surface at a site in southern Indiana where limestone is covered by about 9 m of clayey soils. Forty-nine transects were conducted over an area of approximately 42,037 m². The electrode spacing was 3 m. The length of the transects varied from 81 to 249 m. The tomographs were interpreted with the aid of soil borings. The repeatability of ERT was evaluated by comparing the rock surface elevations interpreted from pairs of transects where they crossed each other. The average difference was 2.4 m, with a maximum of 10 m. The discrepancy between interpreted bedrock-surface elevations for a transect intersection may be caused by variations in the subsurface geology normal to the transect. Averaging the elevation data interpreted from different transects improved the ERT results. A bedrock surface map was generated using only the averaged elevation data at the transect junctions. The accuracy of the map was further evaluated using data from four exploratory boreholes. The average difference between interpreted and actual bedrock surface-elevations was less than 0.4 m. The map shows two large troughs in the limestone surface: one coinciding with an existing sinkhole basin, while the other is in alignment with a small topographic valley. Because sinkholes were observed at the same elevation interval in similar valleys in the vicinity, the delineated trough may have implications for future land use at the site. Received: 4 January 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 1999     

中国海相油气田勘探实例(之一) 四川盆地罗家寨大型气田的发现和探明

罗家寨气田发现于2000年,是四川盆地迄今为止发现的储量规模最大的一个气田,2002年探明储量为581.08×108m3。其下三叠统飞仙关组储层由碳酸盐岩蒸发台地边缘优质鲕粒滩白云岩构成,圈闭面积大,构造幅度高,具有一定的埋藏隐蔽性。论述了气田的发现和探明过程,气藏地质的特征,以及对碳酸盐岩气藏勘探的启示。     

库水位变化下某泄洪洞进口高边坡的稳定性分析

在分析库水位变化与岸坡稳定性的一般规律的基础上,对某水库泄洪洞进口高边坡变形机理进行分析。然后计算分析不同水位升降条件下,蓄水＋暴雨、地震、地震＋地下水作用等三种工况的稳定性系数,确定危险警戒水位,并预测未来蓄水及库水位下降情况下泄洪洞进口边坡稳定性与库水位的关系,为蓄水后的边坡防治提供必要的理论依据。     

中国民宿网络关注时空特征及影响因素研究

网络搜索体现了人们对某种事物或现象的现实关注与潜在需求情况,是游客潜在出游行为的一种前兆。对民宿网络关注时空分布特征的研究,可以明确我国民宿需求的时空分布规律,为优化我国民宿行业发展空间布局提供理论参考。基于2015—2019年中国大陆31个省域空间单元的民宿网络搜索数据,使用赫芬达尔指数、季节性集中指数、周内分布偏度指数、地理集中指数、变差系数、首位度等指标,对中国民宿网络关注度的时空分布特征进行分析。研究发现：（1）中国民宿网络关注度在2015—2019年呈现明显的波动趋势,季节性分布差异明显,网络关注度在假日前期会出现显“前兆”效应;（2）中国民宿网络关注度存在地域不均衡性,空间分布上呈现“东部-中部-西部”依次递减的整体趋势,2015—2019年民宿网络关注度的区域集聚程度在降低,区域间差异在缩小;（3）气候的舒适性和闲暇时间是影响民宿网络关注度时间分布的主要因素,客源地的经济发展水平、居民购买力、人口规模、互联网发达程度、受教育程度和民宿业发展水平均会对民宿网络关注度的空间分布产生影响。     

海南岛海岸带土地利用强度与生态承载力分析

随着海南省进一步开放发展,海岸带区域的土地利用强度逐渐加强,生态保护需求日益增强。利用4期(1990、2000、2009、2015年)海岸带土地利用分类数据,研究海岸带土地开发利用强度,并分析了其生态承载力。结果表明:①耕地和林地是海南岛海岸带地区的主要土地类型。②25年间,海南岛海岸带土地利用强度整体较高且逐年上升,2000—2009年土地利用强度增速最高,达2.03%;海口市和澄迈县土地利用强度4期均值最大,分别为300.5和286.1。③25年来海南岛海岸带生态状况呈下降趋势,57%的海岸带市县实际生态承载压力增长了1倍以上。     

Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the intertidal sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China

The natural isotopic compositions and C/N elemental ratios of sedimentary organic matter were determined in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were respectively −29.8‰ to − 26.0‰ and 1.6‰–5.5‰ in the flood season (July), while they were −27.3‰ to − 25.6‰ and 1.7‰–7.8‰ in the dry season (February), respectively. The δ¹³C signatures were remarkably higher in July than in February, and gradually increased from the freshwater areas to the brackish areas. In contrast, there were relatively complex seasonal and spatial changes in stable nitrogen isotopes. It was also reflected that δ¹⁵N and C/N compositions had been obviously modified by organic matter diagenesis and biological processing, and could not be used to trace the sources of organic matter at the study area. In addition, it was considered that the mixing inputs of terrigenous and marine materials generally dominated sedimentary organic matter in the intertidal flat. The contribution of terrigenous inputs to sedimentary organic matter was roughly estimated according to the mixing balance model of stable carbon isotopes.