A cryogenic payload for the 3rd generation of gravitational wave interferometers

Thermal noise is a limiting factor of interferometric gravitational wave detectors sensitivity in the low and intermediate frequency range. A concrete possibility for beating this limit, is represented by the development of a cryogenic last stage suspension to be integrated within a complex seismic isolation system. To this purpose a last stage payload prototype has been designed and built. It has been suspended within a dedicated cryostat with the same technique adopted for the VIRGO payload and making use of two thin wires in a cradle configuration to support a mirror made of silicon.The cooling strategy, the thermal behaviour and the system mechanical response have been deeply studied while a measurement characterization campaign has been performed both at room temperature and at cryogenic temperature. In this paper, the preliminary results obtained together with the first cooling down of the 300 kg overall mass payload at about 25 K, are reported. This study will play a driving role in the design of the third generation gravitational wave detector.     

Rainfall effect on wind waves and the turbulence beneath air-sea interface

Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain- fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin- ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans- fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall.     

The physical simulation of wave groups and their variations in a wave flume

The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.     

Ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation at the Earth’s bow shock

The processes of ion acceleration and Alfvén wave generation by accelerated particles at the Earth’s bow shock are studied within a quasi-linear approach. Steady-state ion and wave spectra are shown to be established in a time of 0.3–4 h, depending on the background level of Alfvénic turbulence in the solar wind. The Alfvén waves produced by accelerated ions are confined within the frequency range 10^?2–1 Hz and their spectral peak with a wave amplitude βB ～ B comparable to the interplanetary magnetic field strength B corresponds to the frequency v = (2–3) × 10^?2 Hz. The high-frequency part of the wave spectrum (v > 0.2 Hz) undergoes damping by thermal ions. The calculated spectra of the accelerated ions and the Alfvén waves generated by them reproduce the main features observed in experiments.     

VTI介质转换波速度分析方法研究及应用

速度分析是转换波处理的核心问题之一,采用单平方根方程对具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性(VTI)介质进行速度分析,使得转换波的处理不依赖于纵波的数据,既简化了转换波处理流程,又消除了由于纵波处理不精确所带来的传递误差。通过理论分析和数值计算,总结并设计了一套求取VTI介质转换波动校正参数的方法和处理流程,总结出了采用双参数扫描法获得较高分辨率和精度所需满足的必要条件。通过批处理和交互结合的方式对实际资料进行处理,取得了较好的处理效果,证明了该方法及软件的正确性。     

三维地震资料在圈定煤层结构变化上的应用

随着煤炭开采机械化程度的不断提高,煤层结构的变化对采掘工作的影响日益突出。三维地震资料不仅能够控制落差3~5m以上的断层和幅度大于5m的褶曲,而且还可以利用三维资料所包含的丰富地质信息,包括煤层反射波振幅能量强弱的变化、波阻抗反演等对煤层结构的变化情况进行圈定,以提供煤层结构方面的地质资料。     

低频电磁波与地倾斜传感器对地震预报分析与研究

5.12大地震对国家造成了一次重大的损失,则对地震预报的研究则显得尤为重要。本文认为地震发生的机理是板块挤压破裂学说。在地震动发生前后都会出现一些宏观或微观异常,在地震发生前其微观异常主要表现为电磁波、地壳倾斜、地应力等异常。本方通过对低频电磁波和地倾斜进行测量和研究,可通过数据多台站共享来进行地震预报分析。     

河南栾川百炉沟铅锌矿床地质、流体包裹体和稳定同位素地球化学

百炉沟矿床是近年来在盛产斑岩_矽卡岩型钼矿床的河南栾川地区新发现的一处铅锌矿床,位于豫西南牛心剁穹状背斜之西侧,与栾川地区的南泥湖、三道庄、上房沟、马圈等斑岩型及斑岩_矽卡岩型钼矿床相毗邻。矿体呈脉状、板状产在中元古界变质碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩层中,受NWW向层间断裂构造控制。矿石由闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、石英、方解石等矿物组成。矿石中石英和闪锌矿所捕获的原生流体包裹体有富液体气液两相包裹体、富气体气液两相包裹体、纯气体包裹体、含子矿物三相包裹体等4种类型,邻近分布,其均一温度相近,表明成矿过程中可能存在流体沸腾作用。气液两相包裹体的均一温度为180～327℃,以中温（250～260℃）为主;盐度 w (NaCl_eq)为4.0%～14.0%,以5.0%～9.0%为主;依据均一温度峰值所对应的压力（38.94～44.87 MPa）,求得成矿深度为1.44～1.66 km。表明该矿床明显具有浅成、中温、低盐度热液成矿的特征。单个流体包裹体的气相成分至少有纯H₂O蒸汽、N₂+CO₂+CH₄、N₂+CO₂和N₂+CH₄等4种组合。矿石中石英和方解石内包裹体水的δD_V-SMOW为-76‰～-90‰,方解石的δ¹³C_V-PDB为-0.44‰～1.80‰,选取所对应的流体包裹体均一温度,计算得到包裹体水的δ¹⁸O_水为2.51‰～10.96‰,反映出成矿流体的主体为岩浆热液。矿石中硫化物的δ³⁴S_V-CDT为-1.2‰～10.9‰,其峰值（1‰～2‰）与该地区斑岩型钼矿床中的硫化物相近,指示其具有岩浆来源硫的特征。矿石中硫化物²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.552～18.426,²⁰⁷Pb/^{204Pb=15.451～15.5794,208Pb/204Pb=38.264～39.637,反映出成矿金属主要来自于岩浆,有少量地层岩石铅的加入。百炉沟铅锌矿床应属受层间构造控制的中温岩浆热液充填-交代矿床。}     

转换点位置对转换波速度分析精度的影响

在多波地震勘探中,转换点位置的求取精度直接影响共转换点道集的抽取,进而影响转换波速度分析的精度。利用DSR方程,对比了用不同的转换点计算方法进行转换波速度分析,分析其计算精度。     

地层倾角对转换波动校速度分析的影响

动校正速度的求取是三维转换波数据处理的重要环节,其精度高低对转换波的叠加成像质量影响很大。理论上转换波的速度求取受包括界面倾角在内的多种因素影响,但实际应用时这些因素往往被忽略。为证明倾角对动校速度的影响程度,依据前人的研究成果,模拟倾斜地层计算了不同倾角条件下二维测线CCP道集、三维全方位CCP道集PS波动校正速度,并对由不同倾角引起的计算精度差异进行了研究。研究结果表明,对于二维转换波CCP道集,界面倾角不同,动校拉平的速度会差别较大,即使如此也总能实现很大倾角范围内的CCP道集的同相叠加,获得较好的成像质量;对于三维全方位CCP道集,当界面倾角超过一定范围,无论怎样进行精细扫描,得到的都只能是适合特定方位的速度,无法得到适合任意方位的动校扫描速度,随着界面倾角的减小,利用速度扫描的办法可以在一定的偏移距范围内将来自不同方位的记录较平,界面倾角越小,可以校平的偏移距越大;另外由于道集内的地震记录依赖视倾角的动校正速度,在反射界面倾斜的情况下,方位不同,动校正速度不同,致使二维反射PS波资料往往比三维反射PS波资料容易叠加成像。