Reciprocal experimental transplantations to assess effects of organic enrichment on the recolonization of benthic macrofauna in a subtropical estuary

Coastal benthic habitats are usually in a state of continuous recolonization as a consequence of natural disturbances or human activities. Recolonization patterns can be strongly affected by the quality of the sediment. We evaluated herein the macrobenthic recolonization of organically enriched sediments through a manipulative experiment involving reciprocal transplants between contaminated and non-contaminated intertidal areas. Regardless of the experimental treatments, the density of the polychaete Capitella sp. was extremely high in the contaminated area as well as the density of the gastropod Cylichna sp. in the non-contaminated area. We rejected the hypothesis that differences in sediment quality would determine macrofaunal recolonization at least in the considered scales of space in meters and time in weeks. The recolonization process in a subtropical estuarine environment was strongly dependent on the migration of adults present in the sediments adjacent to the experimental units.     

Unusual behavior detection and object ranking from movement trajectories in target regions

Unusual behavior detection has been of interest in video analysis, transportation systems, movement trajectories, and so on. In movement trajectories, only a few works identify unusual behavior of objects around pre-defined points of interest (POI), such as surveillance cameras, commercial buildings, etc., that may be interesting for several application domains, mainly for security. In this article, we define new types of unusual behaviors of moving objects in relation to POI, including surround, escape, and return. Based on these types of unusual behavior, we (i) present an algorithm to compute these behaviors, (ii) define a set of functions to weight the degree of unusual behavior of every moving object in the database, and (iii) rank the moving objects according to the degree of unusual behavior in relation to a set of POIs. We evaluate the proposed method with real trajectory data and show that the closest work does not detect the proposed behaviors and ranks objects considering only one type of unusual movement.     

Anomalous behavior detection in single-trajectory data

This paper presents an original approach to dynamic anomalous behavior detection in individual trajectory using a recursive Bayesian filter. The anomalous pattern detection is of great interest for navigation, driver assistance systems, surveillance as well as crisis management. In this work, we focus on the GPS trajectories of automobiles finding where the driver’s behavior shows anomalies. Such anomalous behaviors can happen in many cases, especially when the driver encounters orientation problems, i.e., taking a wrong turn, performing a detour, or losing the way. First, three high-level features, i.e., turns and their density, detour factor, and route repetition are extracted from the given trajectory geometry, for which a long-term perspective is required to observe data sequences of a significant length instead of individual time stamps. We therefore employ high-order Markov chains with a ‘dynamic memory’ to model the trajectory integrating these long-term features. The Markov model is processed by a proposed recursive Bayesian filter to infer an optimal probability distribution of the potential anomalous driving behaviors dynamically over time. The filter performs unsupervised detection in single trajectories based on local features only. No training process is required to characterize the anomalous behaviors. By analyzing the detection results of individual trajectories, collective behaviors can be derived indicating traffic issues such as congestions and turn restrictions. Experiments are performed on volunteered geographic information (VGI) data, self-acquired trajectories, and open trajectory datasets to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.     

桂林地区大气降水（大雨、暴雨）的δ18O特征与水汽来源的关系

现代大气降水中的稳定同位素组成是全球或地区性水循环研究的重要载体,同时也是冰芯、湖泊沉积物、石笋等研究领域中,运用稳定同位素来重建古气候的重要依据。本文研究了桂林地区2012年大气降水氢氧同位素组成的逐日变化,根据得到的132组氢氧稳定同位素组成建立了桂林局地大气降水线方程为δD = 8.8δ18O +17.96,大气降水的δ18O波动范围在-13.56‰～+1.07‰,平均为-5.78‰;δD在-101.52‰～+16.02‰,δD平均为-41.03‰。利用降水稳定同位素资料,结合后向轨迹法( Backwards Trajectory) 对桂林水汽来源进行追踪,发现夏季(5-10月)大气降水的水汽来源主要受来自孟加拉湾、南海海洋气团的水汽源的控制,降水的δ18O值偏负,平均为-8.02‰(共64组);冬季(11月至次年4月)大气降水的水汽来源主要受来自西太平洋暖湿气团、冬季风冷气团或西风环流所携带的大陆性气团的影响,不同程度地叠加了局地环流气团、蒸发水汽的补给的影响,降水的δ18O值偏正,平均为-2.86‰(共68组)。研究结果表明,桂林大气降水的稳定同位素组成与降水的水汽来源、季风类型、降水云团来源和性质有关,来自远距离输送夏季风海洋性水汽团形成的降水δ18O值较低(或偏负), 而大陆性气团或局地蒸发水汽循环形成的降水δ18O值较高（或偏正）。不同的水汽来源是决定降水中δ18O值变化的主要因素,因此,通过降水中的δ18O值,特别是其季节变化的特征分析,可以反过来揭示当地降水的水汽来源。      

A trajectory clustering approach based on decision graph and data field for detecting hotspots

Spatial clustering can be used to discover hotspots in trajectory data. A trajectory clustering approach based on decision graph and data field is proposed as an effective method to select parameters for clustering, to determine the number of clusters, and to identify cluster centers. Synthetic data and real-world taxi trajectory data are utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results show that the proposed method can automatically determine the parameters for clustering as well as perform efficiently in trajectory clustering. Hotspots are identified and visualized during different times of a single day and at the same times on different days. The dynamic patterns of hotspots can be used to identify crowded areas and events, which are crucial for urban transportation planning and management.     

Mission design for Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) using a magnetoplasma spacecraft

To send humans beyond Mars, a Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) mission has been studied for new spacecraft concepts and technologies. In this paper, an interplanetary trajectory and a preliminary spacecraft design are presented for the HOPE visit to Callisto, one of Jupiter's moons. To design a round-trip trajectory for the mission, the characteristics of the spacecraft and its trajectories are analyzed. A detailed optimization approach is formulated to utilize a Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) engine with capabilities of variable specific impulse, variable engine efficiency, and engine on-off control. It is mainly illustrated that a 30 MW powered spacecraft can make the mission possible in a 5-year round trip constraint around the year 2045. Trajectories with different power and reactor options are also discussed. The results obtained in this study can be used for formulating an overall concept for the mission.     

GCM simulation of balloon trajectories on Titan

Possible trajectories of passive balloons in Titan's troposphere are simulated with the instantaneous wind field predicted by a GCM (general circulation model). In most areas the basic motion of a balloon is a predominantly eastward or westward drift, depending on altitude, latitude and season of the balloon release point. Some meridional oscillation is always superposed on this basic motion, resulting in a wavy trajectory, with a maximum extent (of 40^°) at high latitudes of the winter hemisphere. As a general rule, the meridional oscillation can be maximised if a balloon is deployed in altitudes and latitudes where the mean zonal wind is eastward and smaller than the phase speed of Saturn's gravitational tide on Titan. A balloon's groundtrack does not repeat as it makes successive circuits around Titan, but rather makes a spiral or braided pattern. The summer pole is rather difficult to access for a balloon not directly introduced there because of small meridional oscillation, while the winter pole can be readily accessed and left several times. A preferred zonal drift direction can be achieved by choosing a proper altitude and hemisphere, but choosing a preferred meridional direction is not possible.     

Triassic platform-margin deltas in the western Barents Sea

The Early to Middle Triassic in the Barents Sea was dominated by prograding transgressive-regressive sequences. Internal clinoform geometries indicate that sediments were derived from the Baltic Shield in the south and the Uralian Mountains in the east and southeast. These systems were formed in a large, relatively shallow epicontinental basin, where modest variations in relative sea-level relocated the shoreline significantly. This study shows the development of strike elongated depositional wedges that thicken just basinward of the platform-edge. Seismic facies and time-thickness maps show the position and development of platform-margin delta complexes within each sequence. Seismic clinoforms and trajectory analysis show significant lateral variation from the axis of the delta complex to areas adjacent to the main delivery system. Frequent toplap geometries are observed in proximity to coarse-grained deposits, while aggradation of seismic clinoforms characterizes areas laterally to the platform-margin deltas. Complex shifts in depocenters are revealed by large-scale compensational stacking pattern and relict platform breaks. Locally, relict breaks are created due to pre-existing paleo-topography. Platform-margin deltas can be identified by careful mapping of clinoform geometries, clinoform angles and trajectories. However, seismic analysis of prograding clinoform units indicate that the shoreline and delta complexes commonly are positioned landward of the platform-edge. Deposition of platform-margin deltas is sometimes caused by locally increased sediment supply during slightly rising relative sea-level, and occasionally caused by a regional drop in relative sea-level with significant shelf bypass.Development, position, thickness and facies distribution of platform deltas and platform-margin deltas of very broad low-relief basins, like the Triassic of the epicontinental Barents Sea basin, are strongly sensitive to changes in relative sea-level due to rapid emergence and submergence of wide areas, and to changes in position of major rivers supplying sand to the delta systems. In this respect, the depositional model of the present study deviates from models of clinoform successions obtained from small and narrow basins or siliciclastic platforms with high coarse-clastic sediment supply.     

从气旋和反气旋谈正、负阻尼

在定常条件下,利用简化的大气运动控制方程,分析了气旋与反气旋的基本特征。在此基础上,利用常微分方程的定性分析与求解,获得了气旋和反气旋轨道的解析解。接合气旋与反气旋的基本特征,论证了正负阻尼在气旋和反气旋运动中具体体现,并从物理机理上说明产生气旋和反气旋运动中正负阻尼的差异在于水平辐合在低层的不同。     

Unscented Kalman Filter trained neural networks based rudder roll stabilization system for ship in waves

The large roll motion of ships sailing in the seaway is undesirable because it may lead to the seasickness of crew and unsafety of vessels and cargoes, thus it needs to be reduced. The aim of this study is to design a rudder roll stabilization system based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) control algorithm for ship advancing in the seaway only through rudder actions. In the proposed stabilization system, the course keeping controller and the roll damping controller were accomplished by utilizing modified Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) training algorithm, and implemented in parallel to maintain the orientation and reduce roll motion simultaneously. The nonlinear mathematical model, which includes manoeuvring characteristics and wave disturbances, was adopted to analyse ship’s responses. Various sailing states and the external wave disturbances were considered to validate the performance and robustness of the proposed roll stabilizer. The results indicate that the designed control system performs better than the Back Propagation (BP) neural networks based control system and conventional Proportional-Derivative (PD) based control system in terms of reducing roll motion for ship in waves.