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本文就目前地震台站普遍使用的小规模CMOS电路构成的数字钟元件多、可靠性不高等缺点,提出以INTEL 51系列单片机为核心构成的具有自动校对功能的数字钟,本系统硬件结构简单,系统可靠性强,并可自动根据BMP信号校时,操作简便且精度高。 相似文献
233.
Nel Caine 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(1):69-75
When estimated from measurements of introduced tracer particles, the rate of surface soil movement tends to be greater than the natural rate for equivalent particles on the same site. This consistent overestimation is greatest in the period following tracer introduction and leads to a measurement bias that may be as high as 300 per cent. The magnitude of the bias decreases with time, as the tracer is incorporated into the surface material, but remains detectable statistically for more than a year on some low-angle sites. 相似文献
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Input determination has a great influence on the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) rainfall–runoff models. To improve the performance of ANN models, a systematic approach to the input determination for ANN models is proposed. In the proposed approach, the irrelevant inputs are removed. Then an adequate ANN model, which only includes highly relevant inputs, is constructed. Unlike the trial‐and‐error procedure, the proposed approach is more systematic and avoids unnecessary trials. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, an application to actual typhoon events is presented. The results show that the proposed ANN model, which is constructed by the proposed approach, has advantages over those obtained by the trial‐and‐error procedure. The proposed ANN model has a simpler architecture, needs less training time, and performs better. The proposed ANN model is recommended as an alternative to existing rainfall–runoff ANN models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
236.
The numerical model COUP 2D simulates the hydrological coupling between hillslopes and the river channel during a rainfall event. In order to test the numerical model, a 1:100 scaled laboratory flume which was modified to incorporate lateral hillslope elements, was used to run a series of experiments in which hillslope angle, channel angle, hillslope discharge and channel discharge were the varying parameters. Overall, there were 18 different experimental configurations with three replicates carried out for each condition, leading to a total of 54 experiments. These conditions were then used to parameterize and run COUP 2D. Internal model outputs of flow depth and flow velocity at four cross‐sections in the channel were compared to the measurements made in the physical model for the same parameter conditions. Statistical comparisons of the measured and modelled data were carried out for each experiment and across all experiments, using two goodness‐of‐fit measures—root mean square error and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency—in order to assess the performance of the model over an entire simulation as well as over all the simulations. The main effects on the goodness‐of‐fit measures for flow depth of each experimental variable, as well as the interactions between variables, were evaluated using statistical modelling. The results show that the model captures flow‐depth variations in response to changing channel and hillslope parameters. Statistical modelling suggests that the main effects on model error are cross‐section position, channel angle and channel discharge. Significant interactions also occur between all the channel variables and between the channel variables and hillslope discharge. The results of the testing procedure have significant implications for the consideration of different model components and for the interaction between data‐ and model evaluation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
237.
平差系统模型误差补偿的配置法 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
利用大地测量数据分析地壳形变所建立的平差系统,不可避免地存在模型误差。给出了估计模型偏差的带权均方误差公式,提出了模型误差的识别、先验协方差的确定以及用最小二乘配置法对平差系统模型误差的补偿方法。 相似文献
238.
海洋重力测量动态环境效应分析与补偿 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对使用小型测量船搭载摆杆型海洋重力仪获取数据质量不高的问题,在深入分析海洋环境动态效应误差特性基础上,提出了一种基于互相关分析的交叉耦合效应修正法,对高动态海洋重力测量数据实施综合误差补偿和精细处理。使用典型恶劣海况条件下的观测数据对该方法的有效性进行了验证,结果显示,重力测线成果内符合精度从原先的±9.35×10-5m/s2大幅提升到±1.43×10-5m/s2,同时使用卫星测高反演重力对精细处理结果的可靠性进行了外部检核,外符合精度也从原先的±7.73×10-5m/s2提高到±5.63×10-5m/s2。 相似文献
239.
?????????????GPS?????ASTER GDEM?????д???????????????????????????θ????е????????????????????????ASTER GDEM????????-??????-????????????????У??????GPS?????????????14.93 m??18.02 m???????????????????н???????????С???????С???????????????????????θ????У?ASTER GDEM???????????????á? 相似文献
240.
???????????????????о??м????????????ε??????????????????????????????????????????????????????Э??????????????????????????б????????С??????????????????????????????????????????????о??????????????????????????????????????Σ?????б????????????? 相似文献