Bacterial accumulation by the Demospongiae Hymeniacidon perlevis: A tool for the bioremediation of polluted seawater

Sponges can filter large amounts of water, which exerts an important grazing impact on free bacteria, an important component of the diet of sponges. We examined the accumulation of bacteria in the Demospongiae (Hymeniacidon perlevis). Analyses were performed on homogenates from unstarved and starved sponges in seawater from their sampling site (the Ionian Sea). Culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios densities were measured on marine agar 2216, plate count agar and TCBS agar, respectively. Total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci, were determined by the most probable number method (MPN). H. perlevis was able to accumulate all of the six microbiological groups. Bacterial groups differed in their resistance to digestion by H. perlevis. Our data suggest that H. perlevis may accumulate, remediate and metabolize bacteria and that they may be employed as a useful bioindicator and bioremediator.     

Annual time-series analyses of total gaseous mercury measurement and its impact factors on the Gongga Mountains in the southeastern fringe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Long-term monitoring programs for measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations are presently recognized as powerful tools for local,regional and global studies of atmospheric long-range transport processes,and they could also provide valuable information about the impact of emission controls on the global budget of atmospheric mercury,their observance and an insight into the global mercury cycle. China is believed to be an increasing atmospheric mercury emission source. However,only a few measurements of mercury,to our knowledge,have been done in ambient air over China. The highly-time resolved atmospheric mercury concen-trations have been measured at Moxi Base Station （102°72′E 29°92′N,1640 m asl） of the Gongga Alpine Ecosystem Observation and Experiment Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） from May 2005 to June 2006 by using a set of Automatic Atmospheric Mercury Speciation Analyzers （Tekran 2537A）. Measurements were carried out with a time resolution of every 15 minutes. The overall average total gaseous mercury （TGM） covering the measurement periods was 4±1.38 ng·m^-3 （N=57310）,which is higher than the global background level of approximately 1.5～2.0 ng·m^-3. The measurements in all seasons showed a similar diurnal change pattern with a high concentration during daytime relative to nighttime and maximum concentration near solar noon and minimum concentration immediately before sunrise. The presence of diurnal TGM peaks during spring and summer was found earlier than that during autumn and winter. When divided seasonally,it was found that the concentrations of TGM were highest in winter with 6.13 ± 1.78 ng·m^-3 and lowest in summer with 3.17 ± 0.67 ng·m^-3. There were no significant differences in TGM among wind sectors during each season. Whereas Hg generally exhibited significant correlations with the parameters,such as temperature,saturated vapor pressure,precipitation,ultraviolet radiation （UV） and atmospheric pressure at the whole measurement stage,and t     

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Influence of total charge in a blast on the intensity of ground vibrations—field experiment and computer simulation

A number of factors influence the generation, propagation and intensity of ground vibrations. However, there are conflicting opinions with regard to the influence of the blast size on the intensity of ground vibrations. This paper discusses the experiments conducted in an opencast coal mine in India and a simulation study carried out to establish the influence of total charge in a blast on the intensity of ground vibrations. Studies clearly indicate that the total explosive charge in a blast has insignificant influence on the intensity of ground vibrations for distances between 100 m and 3000 m.     

九龙江入海河口水质主要化学要素含量年际变化趋势和季节变化特征研究

文章根据2011—2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面表层水连续10年的水质监测数据得出：（1）2011—2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面表层水水质年际变化特征为近10年来九龙江入海河口水质得到了明显改善,尤其是2016—2020年高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷、石油类浓度呈现持续下降的趋势,下降幅度较大,表明“十三五”期间九龙江流域水质得到了明显改善,但是总氮仍然超标严重。（2）2020年九龙江河口入海监测断面水质的季节变化特征为：高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、无机氮、总磷夏季含量相对较低,冬季含量相对较高。化学需氧量的季节变化特征为冬季含量相对较低,秋季含量相对较高。而石油类的季节变化特征为秋季含量相对较低,春季和冬季含量相对较高。（3）2011—2020年九龙江与闽江、晋江、龙江、木兰溪等福建省内其他主要入海河流河口入海监测断面水质对比分析得出,闽江、晋江河口入海监测断面水质较好,龙江、木兰溪河口入海监测断面水质较差,九龙江河口入海监测断面水质一般。研究结果以期为九龙江水环境规划与管理提供参考。     

全站仪中的新技术在高层建筑垂直度监测中的应用

本文将全站仪中的新技术运用到垂直度监测中,提出了一种新的高大建筑物垂直度监测方法,并分析了其监测精度。理论和实际工程监测结果表明：该方法具有测量原理简单明了、精度高、可操作性强和灵活、方便、实用的特点,可以在高层建筑物的垂直度监测中推广应用。     

乌鲁木齐市TSP微观形貌特征分析

利用环境扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)分别对2009年四季在雷达站、卫星站、年轮实验室和白杨沟站采集的TSP样品进行微观形貌和能谱分析,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市TSP形貌具有明显的时空分布特征。春季TSP颗粒较大,形状不规则,可能来源沙尘;夏季TSP中颗粒少且小,可能含有土壤扬尘和植物花粉;秋季TSP颗粒多为蓬松链状,可能是烟尘聚集体;冬季TSP颗粒较大,形状规则的颗粒增多且多为圆形,是典型的燃煤飞灰形态。北郊、市区TSP中颗粒物数量高于南郊山区的白杨沟站,秋冬季燃煤对北郊和市区TSP形貌影响较大。TSP主要含Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、Cl、Na,说明TSP来源广泛,并且由多种颗粒混合而成。春夏季乌市TSP中Si、Ca Al、Na、Mg含量较高,秋冬季Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Cl含量很高。市区TSP中S、Fe、Al较白杨沟同期所占比重大,白杨沟TSP中元素种类较少,S、Fe含量不高,表明燃煤、工业排放影响不大。     

利用GRACE卫星精密微波测距确定星间平均电子密度

本文介绍如何利用GRACE两颗卫星之间K波段双频微波精密测距和轨道数据,得到星间平均电子密度.发展了一种将连续轨道电子密度极小对齐到零的方法,以消除整周模糊度;借助CHAMP卫星朗缪探针测量得到的轨道电子密度基值以及GPS掩星数据计算的等离子体垂直梯度标高,进一步修正了GRACE星间电子密度所固有的偏差;从而得到大约500 km高度上长达近十年的全球电子密度数据.为了检验消除偏差后GRACE星间电子密度数据的可靠性,对比了GRACE卫星过Millstone Hill雷达上空时,非相干散射雷达观测到的大致同时和相近位置的电子密度数据,结果显示,二者之间的线性相关系数为0.97,平均偏差为-7.26%,GRACE星间电子密度总体稍微偏低,偏差的标准差为18.6%.为进一步验证本文方法所得数据的可用价值,利用消除偏差后的电子密度数据,对GRACE卫星与CHAMP卫星在近乎相同的地方时而高度不同的近圆极轨道上飞行的情况下,两颗卫星观测到的电子密度随经度和纬度的全球分布进行了对比分析.多方面的对比检验证明,本文方法得到的几乎连续10年的GRACE高度上全球电子密度数据基本可靠,为电离层气候学与天气学研究提供了宝贵资料.     

北半球不同纬度臭氧层系统混沌吸引子的特征研究

将TOMS测量的北半球不同纬度各纬向平均逐日O。总量作为无规序列,利用时滞方法重构序列的相空间吸引子,计算其系统状态演化过程中形成的整体结构特征.结果表明,各纬度O₃层系统吸引子都具有非整数分维结构；此外,在完整的Lpapunov指数谱中,所有指数分量之和均为负值,且最大指数分量总是正值.反映出O₃层系统相空间总体上是收缩的,同时提供了存在奇怪吸引子的证据,表征O₃层系统的演化是一种耗散混饨运动.这对于进一步应用非线性动力系统理论和方法,深入研究O₃层系统的动力学特征具有重要意义.     

广州地区低纬电离层TEC扰动与两次强地震的关系研究

利用广州地区GPS-TEC监测网获得的TEC数据,分析了两次7.0级以上地震与低纬电离层TEC扰动存在的可能联系。对TEC的时序分析表明:两次地震发生前TEC的日变幅度均出现下降。但两次地震异常之间存在一定差异。台湾南部邻海7.2级地震前10 d内出现了负异常和正异常,但汶川8.0级地震前8 d和后6d内只出现负异常。此外,还讨论了低层电离层TEC扰动与地磁活动及热层动力学之间可能存在的联系。