矿区控制网数据处理研究概要

总结了近５年来，对有特殊精度要求的３种矿区控制网所进行的平差模型、优化设计、方差估计及ＥＤＭ精度评定４个子课题的研究成果。介绍了将科研与《测量平差》教学及测量生产实践相结合的体会。     

三维体数据可视化技术

本文对体数据、可视化技术发展的历史和现状进行了综述，介绍了体数据显示的主要过程，全面地分析了各种算法和技术的特点。同时介绍我们所提出的一种体数据显示算法。最后，我们将讨论体数据可视化目前存在的问题及其发展趋势。     

黄土高原降水与地理因素的空间结构趋势面分析

用趋势面分析方法,对黄土高原降水分布效应的研究表明:黄土高原地区降水量的空间分布趋势决定于地理位置和海拔高度;东南部及东部暖湿气流是支配黄土高原降水的主导气流,其中东南气流作用稍强。坡向、坡度、植被条件及地形对降水也有一定影响,如秦岭北坡、太行山西坡等背风坡可使降水比理论值减少5%～7%;干旱及荒漠区减少14%左右;而高原中的突立山系(如六盘山—陇山)则使降水增幅约16%。     

适用于袖珍计算机频率测深数字滤波方法

详细推导了电偶源频率测深单分量电场定义的视电阻率数字滤波计算公式,并且应用最小二乘法设计了只有30个系数的滤波器,编制出适用于袖珍计算机的视电阻率计算程序,使计算速度大为提高.与用均匀半空间的精确公式计算的视电阻率对比,最大相对误差<2%.     

盐水泥浆测井解释技术分析

大港油田盐水泥浆测井解释评价工作已有20余年的历史.本文论述在盐水泥浆中“时间推移测井”解释技术及“粗、细粒、低矿化度地层水的砂岩储集层复杂油层评价的新技术”.这些技术已在该油田使用,并经试油资料验证,油层解释符合率由原来的56.5％上升为93.6％,获得了显著的地质效果.     

强震地面运动频谱特性的统计分析

本文利用国内外56次地震的147个重要地面运动加速度记录进行统计回归分析,得到反映强震地面运动加速度富氏振幅谱和伪速度反应谱与地震震级、震中距和记录场地条件的统计关系。这些记录中7级以上大震、震中距小于20公里的近场记录和基岩场地上的记录占有一定比例,统计样本各类数据的分布比较合理。采用场地等效固有周期(以下简称场地固有周期)代替常用的场地分类形式进行统计,在一定程度上克服了场地分类标准不明确的缺点。场地固有周期依据地质钻探资料计算,从而能比较准确地反映与场地特征有关的强震地面运动的频谱特征随震级、震中距和场地固有周期的变化规律,为实际工程应用和抗震理论研究提供可靠的经验公式。     

Characterization of Saale River Sediments by IR Spectroscopy Charakterisierung von Saale-Sedimenten durch Infrarotspektroskopie

The main constituents of sediment samples of the river Saale were analysed by IR spectroscopy. The composition of the sediments is determined mainly by the geological conditions (increase of carbonates, decrease of clays along the stream). Anthropogenic influences on the main components were not recognized. IR spectroscopy connected with multivariate data treatment is a suitable method to determine the main components of sediments and soils presupposed that the particle size distribution of the samples is similar. A quantitative chemical analysis in terms of individual substances or substance groups is possible if a set of reference spectra can be compiled.     

Modeling surficial sand and gravel deposits

Mineral-deposit models are an integral part of quantitative mineral-resource assessment. As the focus of mineral-deposit modeling has moved from metals to industrial minerals, procedure has been modified and may be sufficient to model surficial sand and gravel deposits. Sand and gravel models are needed to assess resource-supply analyses for planning future development and renewal of infrastructure. Successful modeling of sand and gravel deposits must address (1) deposit volumes and geometries, (2) sizes of fragments within the deposits, (3) physical characteristics of the material, and (4) chemical composition and chemical reactivity of the material. Several models of sand and gravel volumes and geometries have been prepared and suggest the following: Sand and gravel deposits in alluvial fans have a median volume of 35 million m³. Deposits in all other geologic settings have a median volume of 5.4 million m³, a median area of 120 ha, and a median thickness of 4 m. The area of a sand and gravel deposit can be predicted from volume using a regression model (log [area (ha)] =1.47+0.79 log [volume (million m³)]). In similar fashion, the volume of a sand and gravel deposit can be predicted from area using the regression (log [volume (million m³)]=–1.45+1.07 log [area (ha)]). Classifying deposits by fragment size can be done using models of the percentage of sand, gravel, and silt within deposits. A classification scheme based on fragment size is sufficiently general to be applied anywhere.     

Rainwater composition over a rural area with special emphasis on the size distribution of insoluble particulate matter

The rainwater composition in the vicinity of Mainz, FRG, has been investigated with special emphasis on insoluble constituents. The number size distribution was determined in the range from 0.1 m up to 100 m radius. For particles with r>0.5 m radius the shape of the size distribution of insoluble particles in rain follows the shape of the average urban and rural aerosol. In this particular size range no major size selective removal processes could be seen. For r<0.5 m the number size distribution tends to flatten compared to the average aerosol. This might be the indication of a size selective removal process (Greenfield Gap).