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991.
992.
浅议地球系统的复杂性及非线性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
结合复杂性科学的产生及发展历程,认为复杂性科学对研究地球系统复杂性及非线性具有重要的理论指导和方法论意义。同时,在论述地球系统基本属性的基础上总结了地球系统复杂性及非线性的具体表现,即地球系统的层次性,无特征尺度性,开放性,相干性,临界性,自组织性和其动力学行为的自相似性及分形性。认为地球系统是总体上远离平衡,时空延展的多层圈综合集成,连续开放的复杂耗散动力巨系统。随着复杂性科学和地球系统的复杂性及非线性研究的不断深入,在21世纪,地球科学研究将会取得理论上的重大突破和飞跃。 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
反相流动注射催化光度法测定废水中的亚硝酸根 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用反相流动注射技术与催化光度法相结合,用微机化流动注射分析仪准确控制反应时间,优化了实验条件,克服了催化光度法反应时间难以控制引起的方法精密度、准确度不高的弱点,拟定了测定痕量亚硝酸根的流动注射催化光度方法。分析速度第小时20次,NO2^- 质量浓度在0.00-2.00mg/L,回归方程斜率为0.155。方法直接测定电厂测水中NO2^-的结果与Griess法相符合,RSD<5.0%(n=5)。 相似文献
996.
地震预报探讨中的地磁学手段 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地磁手段地地震预测研究中的许多方面发挥了重要作用。在地震前兆的探讨方面占有一席之地;在探测地下构造中有许多贡献。我们可以开展许多与地震预测基础研究有关的地磁研究,例如地磁模型研究、地磁脉动研究、地球深部研究,等等。对地磁场变化规律性的研究也是提取地震地磁前兆的基础。 相似文献
997.
The flow pattern around a cylinder, installed in a scoured channel bed, was experimentally investigated. Detailed measurements of the instantaneous 3D velocities were performed by using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP), from which the profiles of the time-averaged velocities and turbulence stresses were obtained. It is shown that the influence of the cylinder and of the scour hole alters the approach flow; this is essentially confined to the vicinity of the cylinder and to the inside of the scour hole. The horseshoe vortex is measured as a flow reversal inside the scour hole, formed by the downward flow along the cylinder face and the reversed flow at the scour bed. 相似文献
998.
Evaluation of density in layer compaction using SASW method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SASW test, which is non-intrusive and rapid in the field application, was used to evaluate the layer density in the roller compaction without performing the complicated inversion process. The concept of normalized shear wave velocity was introduced to minimize the effect of confinement in the density evaluation. SASW test was performed to determine the shear wave velocity of the layer, and the free–free resonant column (FF–RC) test was adopted to determine the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and density of the site, which is almost unique independent of confinement. Testing and data reduction procedures of both tests were briefly discussed and an evaluation procedure of the field density was proposed by effectively combining in-situ shear wave velocity determined by the SASW test with the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and the density determined by the FF–RC test. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by performing a field case study at Hoengsung road construction site. Field densities determined by the proposed method matched well with those determined by sand cone tests, showing the potential of applying the proposed method in the field density evaluation. 相似文献
999.
Statistical self-similarity in the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, river networks, and runoff processes has been observed in many empirical studies. To theoretically investigate the relationships between the various time and space scales of variability in rainfall and runoff process we propose a simplified, yet physically based model of a catchment–rainfall interaction. The channel network is presented as a random binary tree, having topological and hydraulic geometry properties typically observed in real river networks. The continuous rainfall model consists of individual storms separated by dry periods. Each given storm is disaggregated in space and time using the random cascade model. The flow routing is modelled by the network of topologically connected nonlinear reservoirs, each representing a link in the channel network. Running the model for many years of synthetic rainfall time series and a continuous water balance model we generate an output, in the form of continuous time series of water discharge in all links in the channel network. The main subject of study is the annual peak flow as a function of catchment area and various characteristics of rainfall. The model enables us to identify different physical processes responsible for the empirically observed scaling properties of peak flows. 相似文献
1000.
In this paper, the response of a visco-elastic half-space subjected to moving loads with static and dynamic components is investigated. Four types of vehicle loads are considered, including the moving point load, uniformly distributed wheel load, elastically distributed wheel load, and a train load simulated as a sequence of elastically distributed wheel loads. In each case, the influence of the moving loads traveling in the subsonic, transonic and supersonic ranges on the dynamic responses of the half-space is studied. The parametric study conducted herein enables us to grasp insight into the mechanism of wave propagation for a visco-elastic half-space under moving loads. 相似文献