全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1172篇 |
免费 | 139篇 |
国内免费 | 145篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 108篇 |
大气科学 | 100篇 |
地球物理 | 260篇 |
地质学 | 479篇 |
海洋学 | 73篇 |
天文学 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 55篇 |
自然地理 | 379篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 48篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 53篇 |
2019年 | 81篇 |
2018年 | 29篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 52篇 |
2010年 | 52篇 |
2009年 | 54篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 75篇 |
2006年 | 75篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 56篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 40篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 22篇 |
1997年 | 32篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1456条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
871.
Polygonal finite elements are gaining an increasing attention in the computational mechanics literature, but their application in rock mechanics is very rare. This paper deals with numerical modeling of rock failure under dynamic loading based on polygonal finite elements. For this end, a damage-viscoplastic constitutive model for rock based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with the Rankine criterion as a tensile cutoff is employed and implemented with the polygonal finite element method. Moreover, the mineral mesostructure or rock is described by randomly mapping groups of polygonal elements representing the constituent minerals into a global mesh and assigning these groups with the corresponding mineral material properties. The performance of the polygonal elements is compared with that of the linear and quadratic triangular and bilinear quadrilateral elements in numerical simulations of controlled shear band formation under uniaxial compression and lateral splitting failure in the dogbone tension test. Numerical simulations of uniaxial tension and compression tests as well as dynamic Brazilian disc test under increasing loading rates demonstrate that the present approach predicts the correct failure modes as well as the dynamic increase in strength of rock. 相似文献
872.
Bridging the gap between numerical solutions of travel time distributions and analytical storage selection functions 下载免费PDF全文
Recent advancements in analytical solutions to quantify water and solute travel time distributions (TTDs) and the related StorAge Selection (SAS) functions synthesize catchment complexity into a simplified, lumped representation. Although these analytical approaches are efficient in application, they require rarely available long‐term and high‐frequency hydrochemical data for parameter estimation. Alternatively, integrated hydrologic models coupled to Lagrangian particle‐tracking approaches can directly simulate age under different catchment geometries and complexity, but at a greater computational expense. Here, we bridge the two approaches, using a physically based model to explore the uncertainty in the estimation of the SAS function shape. In particular, we study the influence of subsurface heterogeneity, interactions between distinct flow domains (i.e., the vadose zone and saturated groundwater), diversity of flow pathways, and recharge rate on the shape of TTDs and the SAS functions. We use an integrated hydrology model, ParFlow, linked with a particle‐tracking model, SLIM, to compute transient residence times (or ages) at every cell in the domain, facilitating a direct characterization of the SAS function. Steady‐state results reveal that the SAS function shape shows a wide range of variation with respect to the variability in the structure of subsurface heterogeneity. Ensembles of spatially correlated realizations of hydraulic conductivity indicate that the SAS functions in the saturated groundwater have an overall weak tendency toward sampling younger ages, whereas the vadose zone gives a strong preference for older ages. We further show that the influence of recharge rate on the TTD is tightly dependent on the variability of subsurface hydraulic conductivity. 相似文献
873.
874.
Ian McDougall B. J. J. Embleton D. B. Stone 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(1-2):155-176
Lord Howe Island is the eroded remnant of a large shield volcano. Tholeiitic lavas of the North Ridge Basalt comprise the main shield building phase and were erupted about 6.9 Ma ago. The Boat Harbour Breccia probably formed within the throat of the volcano and, together with the North Ridge Basalt, is intruded by numerous basaltic dykes, which grade into a cone sheet complex near the main vent. Large scale collapse of the summit area of the volcano produced a caldera which was filled rapidly by lavas of the Mount Lidgbird Basalt some 6.4 Ma ago, bringing to a close the volcanic history of Lord Howe Island. The shield volcano thus was built during a short interval in the late Miocene. Palaeomagnetic data show that the North Ridge Basalt and the Mount Lidgbird Basalt were erupted during periods when the geomagnetic field had normal polarity, and that their formation was separated by at least one interval of reversed polarity when the dykes and cone sheets were emplaced. The directions of magnetisation for the lavas and intrusives are such that, palaeomagnetically, no movement of Lord Howe Island is detected since its formation. Lord Howe Island is the subaerial part of a large seamount which lies at the southern end of a northerly‐trending line of volcanic seamounts extending for more than 1000 km. The Lord Howe seamount chain probably was produced by movement of the Australian lithospheric plate over a magma source or hot spot located below the plate within the upper mantle. Other data suggest that the Australian plate is moving N at about 6 cm/a and from this it is predicted that the seamount underlying Nova Bank, at the northern end of the chain, was constructed by volcanic activity about 23 Ma ago. Similarly, if volcanism were to occur now in the Lord Howe seamount chain we predict that its location would be about 400 km S of Lord Howe Island. 相似文献
875.
J. Trofimovs B. K. Davis R. A. F. Cas M. E. Barley G. I. Tripp 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):303-327
Two main deformational phases are recognised in the Archaean Boorara Domain of the Kalgoorlie Terrane, Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, primarily involving south-over-north thrust faulting that repeated and thickened the stratigraphy, followed by east-northeast – west-southwest shortening that resulted in macroscale folding of the greenstone lithologies. The domain preserves mid-greenschist facies metamorphic grade, with an increase to lower amphibolite metamorphic grade towards the north of the region. As a result of the deformation and metamorphism, individual stratigraphic horizons are difficult to trace continuously throughout the entire domain. Volcanological and sedimentological textures and structures, primary lithological contacts, petrography and geochemistry have been used to correlate lithofacies between fault-bounded structural blocks. The correlated stratigraphic sequence for the Boorara Domain comprises quartzo-feldspathic turbidite packages, overlain by high-Mg tholeiitic basalt (lower basalt), coherent and clastic dacite facies, intrusive and extrusive komatiite units, an overlying komatiitic basalt unit (upper basalt), and at the stratigraphic top of the sequence, volcaniclastic quartz-rich turbidites. Reconstruction of the stratigraphy and consideration of emplacement dynamics has allowed reconstruction of the emplacement history and setting of the preserved sequence. This involves a felsic, mafic and ultramafic magmatic system emplaced as high-level intrusions, with localised emergent volcanic centres, into a submarine basin in which active sedimentation was occurring. 相似文献
876.
The dynamic processes within the Earth leave their record in geophysical and geochemical variation about the general stratification with depth. A snapshot of current structure is provided by geophysical evidence, whereas geochemical information provides a perspective over the age of the Earth. The combination of information on the distribution of heterogeneity from geophysical and geochemical sources provides enhanced insight into likely geodynamic processes. A variety of techniques can be used to examine crustal structure, but the major source of information on seismic heterogeneity within the Earth comes from tomographic studies, exploiting surface waves for the lithosphere and body waves for the bulk Earth. A powerful tool for examining the character of mantle heterogeneity is the comparison of images of bulk-sound and shear-wave speed extracted in a single inversion, since this isolates the dependencies on the elastic moduli. Such studies are particularly effective when a common path coverage is achieved for P and S as, for example, when common source and receiver pairs are extracted for arrival times of the phases. The relative behaviour of the bulk-sound and shear-wave speeds allows the definition of heterogeneity regimes. For subduction zones, a large part of the imaged structure comes from S-wave speed variations. The narrow segments of fast wave speeds in the lower mantle, in the depth range 900 – 1500 km, are dominated by S variations, with very little bulk-sound contribution, so images of P-wave speed are controlled by shear-wave variability. Deep in the mantle, there are many features with high seismic-wave speed without an obvious association with subduction in the last 100 million years, which suggests long-lived preservation of components of the geodynamic cycle. The base of the Earth's mantle is a complex zone with widespread indications of heterogeneity on many scales, discontinuities of variable character, and shear-wave anisotropy. Discordance between P- and S-wave speed anomalies suggests the presence of chemical heterogeneity rather than just the effect of temperature. 相似文献
877.
《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6):1106-1124
AbstractNatural soils very often contain micro- and macropores, having different hydraulic properties. At the macroscopic scale, the unsaturated flow in such soils can be described with various models, depending on the hydraulic diffusivity ratio of the components and the connectivity of the most conductive component. Three macroscopic models recently derived by the homogenization method are discussed. The limit passages between the models are studied. A unified model suitable for the entire range of the hydraulic diffusivity ratio is proposed. A numerical example shows the application of the model to macroscopically one-dimensional infiltration in a porous medium containing inclusions. A parametric study for varying conductivity (diffusivity) ratio is performed. 相似文献
878.
从介质和应力的不均匀性、力学加载、流体侵入及应力腐蚀、速率-状态依从等几方面对余震活动机理研究进行了综述。已有的研究表明,介质和应力的不均匀性是余震产生的基本前提。瞬时蠕变和余滑观点能够从力学的角度解释震后极短时间内余震的快速衰减,而应力松弛过程更倾向于解释长期余震的活动特征。流体侵入及应力腐蚀在一定的条件下控制着余震的演化过程。受主震应力扰动影响的断层间的相互作用始终存在于余震的活动过程之中。各类模型和理论解释都在一定程度上寻求与G-R关系和修改的大森公式两个基本幂律关系的一致性。 相似文献
879.
880.
为定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性,以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例,利用先进的恒速压汞技术对孔喉参数进行了测试.结果表明,不同渗透率级别的样品,孔隙参数的差异小,非均质性弱,孔隙半径介于80~300 μm范围内;微观孔喉的非均质性主要体现在喉道特征参数上,喉道参数制约储层品质影响开发效果;样品渗透率越大,喉道半径越大,分布范围越宽,大喉道含量越高,同时大喉道对渗透率的贡献也随之增加,渗透性主要由占少部分的较大喉道来贡献;平均喉道半径和主流喉道半径与渗透率表现出了非常好的相关关系,渗透率越小,受喉道参数的影响程度越强.较大的孔喉比和较宽的分布区间是特低渗透砂岩储层的显著特点,也是开发效果差的主要原因,不同渗透率级别的储层,开发过程中应根据喉道大小及其分布范围区别对待. 相似文献