峨眉山二滩高钛玄武岩Zr/Hf分异的指示意义

对峨眉山二滩高钛玄武岩高场强元素的研究表明,Zr/Hf比值出现了明显分异,可分为高Zr/Hf组和低Zr/Hf组两组玄武岩。Zr/Hf比值的分异与岩浆结晶分异作用无关,而是由部分熔融和地幔源区的不同所导致,暗示高Zr/Hf组和低Zr/Hf组玄武岩分别具有不同的部分熔融条件和不同的地幔物质组分。     

煤相分析在煤储层评价中的应用

煤储层研究的重要内容是孔裂隙系统发育特征、渗透性及其空间不均一性特征。煤储层的孔裂隙特征决定煤储层的渗透性,而煤储层的孔裂隙特征主要取决于煤岩成分和煤级。对一个特定的煤层气田而言,煤级变化不大或者规律明显。煤岩成分往往成为控制煤储层渗透率分布不均性的主导因素。煤岩成分,包括有机显微组分和矿物质均受控于煤相。可以通过系统的煤相分析认识煤储层中煤岩成分、结构、层序等的空间展布特征,为科学预测煤储层的渗透率莫定基础。煤相分析在注重横向变化的同时,更强调垂向层序分析。     

山东五号桩油田桩74块剩余油分布规律及挖潜措施

低渗透油田开发在中国石油工业中具有特别重要的意义。应用岩心、测井等资料将山东五号桩油田桩74块远岸浊积扇划分为扇根、扇中、扇缘3个亚相,其中扇中亚相划分为辫状水道、水道间、水道侧缘、扇中前缘及叶状体5个微相类型;阐明了研究区特低渗透油藏内储层的层内、层间及平面非均质特征;系统总结了微构造的类型及组合模式。在沉积微相、储层非均质性及微构造研究的基础上,采用动态、静态结合的分析方法阐明了研究区特低渗透油藏的剩余油分布规律及控制因素,揭示了沉积微相、储层非均质、微构造及井网条件等因素对剩余油分布的控制作用。根据剩余油分布的研究结果,结合相关资料,指出了剩余油潜力区,有针对性地确定了剩余油的挖潜措施,为增加剩余可采储量和提高采收率提供了科学依据。     

地球的原始不均一性起源及其对超大型矿床分布的制约

本文从太阳星云演变模式入手,着重介绍地球的非均一堆积起源模式.指出地球的化学成分具有原始的不均一性;这种不均一性起源于前地球阶段堆积星子的不均一性.地球的星子吸积过程具有明显的两阶段性,即原地球吸积阶段和晚期吸积阶段,而后期的吸积过程对上地幔及地壳的化学成分不均一性的影响尤为显著.最后指出地球化学不均一性对超大型矿床分布的制约.     

海平面升降对海相临滨储层宏观非均质性控制机理—以哈得逊东河砂岩储层为例

本文研究海平面变化对海相单一亚相储层宏观非均质性的影响。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,应用岩心测试、测井数据,对哈得油田东河砂岩段临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性进行了分析,提出了海平面升降对临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性控制机理,确定了海平面相对变化控制的储层宏观非均质性分布模式。结果表明,准层序、准层序组及体系域内不同级次的海平面变化,对沉积物形成的水动力条件及沉积后所处表生环境产生较大影响,各项储层宏观非均质参数表现出明显的规律性,使准层序内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性表现为向上减弱的变化趋势;准层序组内由于准层序堆砌特征差异,使退积式准层序组内临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性呈向上变强的特征,而进积式准层序组内表现为由强到弱的趋势;高位体系域内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性总体表现为向上逐渐减弱。     

Clay‐coat diversity in marginal marine sediments

The specific mineralogy of clay grain coats controls the ability of the coat to inhibit quartz cementation in sandstones during prolonged burial and heating. How and why clay‐coat mineralogy varies across marginal marine systems is poorly understood, even though these eogenetic phenomena strongly influence subsequent mesodiagenesis and reservoir quality. The novel development of the ability to predict the distribution of clay‐coat mineralogy would represent an important development for sandstone reservoir quality prediction. In marginal marine sediments, clay minerals occur as grain‐coats, floccules, mud intraclasts, clay‐rich rock fragments or as dispersed material. However, the relationships between clay mineralogy, the amount of clay, and its distribution is poorly understood. This study focused on the Ravenglass Estuary, UK. The key aim was to develop and apply a novel methodology utilising scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive spectrometry, for the first time, on grain coats in modern sediments, to differentiate the clay‐coat mineral signature from that of the bulk sediment, and reveal the distribution of clay minerals across marginal marine sediments. The study showed that marginal marine sediments principally have their clay mineral assemblage present as clay‐coats on sand grains. These clay‐coats have a mixed clay mineralogy and are spatially heterogeneous across the range of marginal‐marine depositional environments. The study further showed that clay‐coat mineralogy is governed initially by the hydrologically‐controlled segregation of the clay minerals within inner estuarine depositional environments, and subsequently by the selective abrasive removal of specific clay mineral types during reworking and transport into the outer estuary and the marine environment. The highest relative abundance of grain‐coating chlorite was in sand‐flat and tidal‐bar depositional environments. The availability of an analogue data set, and an understanding of the controlling processes of clay‐coat mineralogy, offer crucial steps in building a predictive capability for clay‐coat derived elevated reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstones.     

柑桔园林下穿透雨的分布特征

研究了柑桔林下穿透雨的分布特征,结果表明:在测定期间,穿透雨量占总降雨量的68.3%,5月的穿透雨量最大(245.1 mm),而穿透雨率最大值(73.3%)出现在8月。穿透雨量与降雨量具有显著相关性(p<0.01),而穿透雨率与降雨量和降雨强度的相关性均达到显著水平(p<0.05)。柑桔林下穿透雨显示出明显的空间变化,各观测点间穿透雨率具有显著性的差异,而且穿透雨的空间异质性(穿透雨率的变异系数CV)随着降雨量或降雨强度的增加而降低,聚类分析也显示出穿透雨在不同观测点间具有差异性。柑桔林下穿透雨呈现明显的聚集效应。     

二郎坪地体火山成因块状硫化物床体的成矿规律和找矿预测

东秦岭二郎坪地体夹持于瓦穴子断裂和朱夏断裂之间,主要由早古生代弧后盆地环境的火山沉积建造和晚古生代以来的花岗岩类侵入体组成。近期地质调查表明,二郎坪地体蕴涵重要的银、金、铜、铅、锌等矿床,是一个新的矿集区。本文总结了近几年实施的国土资源大调查项目成果,将矿床划分为铜锌型矿床、铅锌铜型矿床、铁(铜)型矿床、金(银)矿床和黄铁矿层等五大类,它们成矿物质同源,且与火山沉积作用时空关系密切,总体形成于早古生代二郎坪弧后盆地发育阶段的海底喷流沉积作用,与古生代活动大陆边缘成矿系统相关。作者按成矿系统的形成、发展和演化观点,总结了矿床的时空分布规律、找矿标志,认为二郎坪地体资源潜力较大,提出了6个找矿预测远景区。     

Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Evolution of Land Intensive Use and Land Ecological Security in Tianjin from 1980 to 2019

The problem of land ecological security directly threatens the sustainable development of many regions, and exploring the spatio-temporal characteristics of land ecological security is helpful for analyzing the land ecological patterns between regions and over time. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing image data for Tianjin in 1980, 2000, 2010 and 2019, supported by software such as ArcGIS and GeoDa, the changes of land use in the study area are calculated by using the land use dynamic degree. Then, the land ecological security index and spatial autocorrelation analysis methods are used to study the spatial correlations and internal heterogeneity of land ecological security in each district in Tianjin. The results show that: (1) The land use of Tianjin has changed dramatically in the past 40 years: the building land has been expanding, while the farmland and barren have been shrinking continuously. (2) The overall level of land ecological security is in the high security area, and Jizhou District is the highest, while the Central areas and Binhai are low. (3) The spatial heterogeneity of land ecological security is not obvious, but the spatial agglomeration is strong.     

地形对0604号"碧利斯"登陆台风暴雨的影响

利用NCEP再分析日资料和常规观测资料等,对2006年第4号强热带风暴"碧利斯"登陆后造成内陆暴雨特别是湘东南特大暴雨的成因进行了分析。结果表明,华南大范围暴雨带与低气压南部的一条切变—槽以及从低压西侧卷入的干、湿两股气流间形成的"湿度锋区"有关;而独立存在于湘东南的尺度较小而强度特大的一条NNE—SSW向的暴雨带则与罗宵山脉的地形影响有密切关系,地形强迫上升及其对暴雨的触发主要不在山坡上,而是在迎风坡气流上游平原地区(即湘东南),实况与理论估算和推断结果一致。由于气流在湘东南平地辐合上升,它的触发作用成为湘东南特大暴雨发生的重要原因。