惠民凹陷临盘油田储层非均质性及影响因素分析

根据对大量取心井样品的压汞曲线、薄片、扫描电镜等资料,分析了临盘油田储层岩矿特征及微观非均质性,将本研究区储层孔隙结构划分为五种类型。通过对本区河流一三角洲沉积体系内各微相砂体的平面及空间展布、砂体的几何形态和储层岩性、物性及含油性特征等研究,揭示了临盘油田古近系沙河街组储层的宏观非均质特征。总体采看,储层在平面上及垂向上、层间及层内的非均质性均较强。其非均质程度受沉积微相和成岩作用控制,注水开发也改变了储层参数的分布格局。研究结果有利于合理划分开发层系,选择注采系统,为改善临盘油田的开发效果提供可靠的地质依据。     

致密砂岩气储层有效性识别和定量评价 ——以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为例

储层有效性识别和定量评价是制约致密砂岩油气勘探的关键难题。以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部上古生界山西组一段为研究对象,从储层非均质性研究入手,开展砂岩微观—岩芯—测井尺度的细致观测,将含气储层砂岩划分为三种主要的岩石相,其中贫塑性颗粒岩屑石英砂岩构成了物性和含气性相对较好的有效储集岩石。运用薄片和岩芯数据标定不同岩石相的常规测井响应,建立了基于主成分统计分析的有效储集岩石测井识别模型,认识了有效储层的空间分布规律。将储层有效性研究从微观尺度的岩石相描述拓展到宏观尺度的量化表征,实现了致密砂岩气有效储集空间分布的定量评价。     

考虑地层变异特征一致性的围岩变形不确定性分析

目前地层变异性分析大多基于地层重复性沉积和变异特征一致性假设,而未考虑地质构造和风化作用的影响,忽略了地层变异性特征一致性的检验。为此,提出地层变异特征一致性的检验和分区方法,采用岩土相局部状态转移概率矩阵的相关系数作为一致性的定量判据,基于耦合Markov链模型模拟地层分布,并通过Monte Carlo方法分析隧道围岩变形的不确定性。利用青岛轨道交通某斜井的地质钻孔数据,探讨了地层变异特征一致性对地层分布和变形模拟精度的影响,分析了所提方法的有效性。结果表明,当地质构造和风化作用导致地层变异特征不一致时,增加钻孔数量无法提高地层分布模拟精度,采用所提方法对地层变异特征一致性检验并分区后,可避免状态转移概率矩阵中局部地层分布特征缺失的问题,提高围岩变形不确定性分析的准确性。     

尕斯库勒油田N1-N21油藏剩余油分布模式

尕斯库勒油田N_1-N_2~1油藏经过多年开采已进入中等含水阶段,寻找剩余油是油藏稳产增产的首要任务。根据尕斯库勒油田N_1-N_2~1油藏的取芯、测井、生产动态等多种资料,采用"单因素解析多因素耦合"的研究思路,在深入解析沉积微相、储层构型、储层非均质性、微构造、井网布置、注采关系等单个因素对剩余油的控制机理后,针对地下不同的情况,筛选出相应的优势控制因素,从多因素耦合的角度对尕斯库勒油田N_1-N_2~1油藏的剩余油分布进行了研究。总结出3种由多种因素共同控制的剩余油分布模式,对进入高含水期油田剩余油的开采有重要意义。构造起伏明显时,沉积微相-微构造-封闭断层-注采关系的控油模式是主要的剩余油分布模式,储层构型-平面非均质性-井网部署的控油模式则适用于构造平缓的部位,而储层构型-夹层-韵律性-注采关系的控油模式是纵向上剩余油分布的主要模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区延长组长4+5段储层非均质性特征

储层非均质性对剩余油分布和水驱或气驱波及系数影响较大,开展储层非均质精细评价,是油田开发方案调整和剩余油挖潜必不可少的内容。利用密井网测井资料和岩矿鉴定等资料,从沉积、成岩作用等方面对吴起油沟油田长4+5段储层非均质进行了研究。结果表明,研究区长4+5段诸层为三角洲前缘沉积末端,单期水下分流河道规模较小且改道频繁,层内泥质夹层不发育,层间隔层发育,单砂体连通性差,非均质性较强;纵向上将长4+5段分为长4+5_1、长4+5_2~1、长4+5_2~2三个小层,受沉积环境和成岩作用,特别是碳酸盐胶结作用的影响,层内非均质性多为正韵律或复合韵律,其中长4+5_1储层非均质性最强,长4+5_2~2储层非均质性最弱;从层间非均质性来看,其中长4+5_1单层砂体薄,分层系数最大,长4+5_2~2储单层砂体厚度大,分层系数较小;从平面非均质性来看,长4+5_1砂体呈交切窄条带状发育,砂体厚度横向变化大,平面非均质性较强;长4+5_2~1砂体呈孤立条带状分布,砂体欠发育,以分流涧湾为主;长4+5_2~2砂体厚度大,且呈连片发育,平面非均质性较弱。     

煤系页岩气储层非均质性研究——以宁武盆地太原组和山西组为例

储层非均质性是影响煤系页岩气勘探开发的主要瓶颈之一。以宁武盆地太原组和山西组泥页岩为研究对象,通过钻孔资料、TOC、XRD、扫描电镜、压汞及低温液氮测试,划分泥页岩发育层段,分析煤系页岩TOC、矿物成分、孔隙度、孔容、比表面积参数宏观非均质性及孔隙结构非均质性,探讨宏观—微观非均质性影响因素。研究表明:太原组和山西组泥页岩平均厚度分别为32.77m和67.68m,可划分为5个层段和4种暗色泥页岩类型,黑色页岩具有TOC、孔隙度、水敏性中等,脆性高特点,是最利于开发的优质储层段;微孔主要受黏土矿物含量影响,呈现出正相关关系,在黏土矿物含量较低时,微孔与TOC呈现正相关;煤系泥页岩宏观非均质性主要受沉积和构造影响,微观非均质性受成岩演化影响。研究成果可为优选煤系页岩气优质储层段和压裂工艺提供可靠依据。     

A Review of Formation Mechanism Study on Reservoirs with Tilted Oil-water Contacts

The distribution characteristics of the oil-water contact are the basis for the reservoir exploration and development and reserves evaluation. The reservoir with a tilted oil-water contact has a unique formation mechanism, and the understanding of its distribution and formation mechanism will directly affect the evaluations for the reservoir type, well deployment, selection of well pattern and type, determination of test section, and reserves evaluation. Based on the analysis of reservoir characteristics, petrophysical properties and geological structure in 40 reservoirs worldwide with tilted oil-water contacts, the progress of the research on the formation mechanisms of titled oil-water contacts is summarized in terms of the hydrodynamic conditions, reservoir heterogeneity, neotectonic movement and oil-gas exploitation. According to the formation mechanism of tilted oil-water contacts and the needs of exploration research, different aspects of research methods are summarized and classified, such as the calculation of equipotential surfaces for oil and water in the formation, analysis of formation pressure and analysis of reservoir physical properties and so on. Based upon statistical analysis, it is suggested that the degree of the inclination of the oil-water contact be divided based on the dip of oil-water contact(DipTOWC). The tilted oil-water contact is divided into three categories: large dip(DipTOWC≥55 m/km), medium dip(4 m/km≤DipTOWC55 m/km), and small dip(DipTOWC4 m/km). The classification and evaluation method can be combined with structure amplitude and reservoir property. The formation mechanism of domestic and international reservoirs with tilted oil-water contacts are summarized in this paper, which have important significance in guiding the exploration and development of the oilfield with tilted oil-water contacts, reserves evaluation, and well deployment.     

阜东斜坡区头屯河组短期旋回不同结构类型内储层非均质性研究

探讨准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区头屯河组短期旋回不同结构类型内储层非均质性,为后期储集层精细开发以及采油率的提高提供理论指导。主要利用岩心、测井以及地震资料,对两个重点短期旋回不同结构类型中的非均质性特征进行详细分析,发现SSC4主要发育A2和C1两种结构类型;SSC7发育C1和C2两种结构类型,且SSC7的C1结构类型中储集砂体非均质性程度中等-强,为最有利勘探目标;次要勘探目标为SSC4的A2和C1两种结构类型中较强非均质性的储集砂体,SSC7的C2结构类型中储集砂体非均质性程度中等,但本身物性较差,勘探意义不大。这为研究区头屯河组的勘探提供地质指导和依据。     

海平面升降对海相临滨储层宏观非均质性控制机理——以塔里木盆地哈得逊东河砂岩储层为例

本文研究海平面变化对海相单一亚相储层宏观非均质性的影响。以经典层序地层学理论为指导,应用岩心测试、测井数据,对哈得油田东河砂岩段临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性进行了分析,提出了海平面升降对临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性控制机理,确定了海平面相对变化控制的储层宏观非均质性分布模式。结果表明,准层序、准层序组及体系域内不同级次的海平面变化,对沉积物形成的水动力条件及沉积后所处表生环境产生较大影响,各项储层宏观非均质参数表现出明显的规律性,使准层序内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性表现为向上减弱的变化趋势;准层序组内由于准层序堆砌特征差异,使退积式准层序组内临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性呈向上变强的特征,而进积式准层序组内表现为由强到弱的趋势;高位体系域内单一临滨亚相储层宏观非均质性总体表现为向上逐渐减弱。     

Quantifying Heterogeneity of Small Test Portion Masses of Geological Reference Materials by Portable XRF Spectrometry: Implications for Uncertainty of Reference Values

There is an increasing use of analytical macro‐beam techniques (such as portable XRF, PXRF) for geochemical measurements, as a result of their convenience and relatively low cost per measurement. Reference materials (RMs) are essential for validation, and sometimes calibration, of beam measurements, just as they are for the traditional analytical techniques that use bulk powders. RMs are typically supplied with data sheets that tabulate uncertainties in the reference values by element, for which purpose they also specify a minimum recommended mass of material to be used in the chemical analysis. This minimum mass may not be achievable using analytical beam techniques. In this study, the mass of the test portion interrogated by a handheld PXRF within pellets made from three silicate RMs (SdAR L2, M2 and H1) was estimated using a theoretical approach. It was found to vary from 0.001 to 0.3 g for an 8 mm beam size and 0.0001 to 0.045 g for a 3 mm beam. These test portion masses are mainly well below the recommended minimum mass for these particular RMs (0.2 g), but were found to increase as a function of atomic number (as might be expected). The uncertainties caused by heterogeneity (U_HET) in PXRF measurements of the three RMs were experimentally estimated using two different beam diameters for eighteen elements. The elements showing the highest levels of heterogeneity (U_HET > 5%) seem generally to be those usually associated with either an accessory mineral (e.g., Zr in zircon, As in pyrite) or low test portion mass (associated with low atomic number). When the beam size was changed from nominally 8 to 3 mm, the uncertainty caused by heterogeneity was seen to increase for most elements by an average ratio of 2.2. These values of U_HET were used to calculate revised uncertainties of the reference values that would be appropriate for measurements made using a PXRF with these beam sizes. The methods used here to estimate U_HET in PXRF measurements have a potential application to other analytical beam techniques.