零炮检距剖面与小波剖面制作系统

讨论了利用多项式拟合和小波变换制作零炮检距剖面和小波剖面的方法,并用VisualC++语言开发了基于Windows操作平台下的地震资料零炮检距剖面与小波剖面制作系统。利用最佳拟合算法与最佳小波基函数,使用制作系统对煤田实际地震资料进行了处理,取得了满意的地质效果。      

无限弹性介质中隧道内爆炸动力响应的解析解

基于圆柱形薄壳结构理论,建立爆炸荷载作用下隧道结构的动力平衡方程.采用积分变换法求得Fourier变换域内爆炸荷栽作用下隧道位移场的积分表达式.结合具体算例,采用离散Fourier逆变换的数值计算方法,给出了爆心处隧道位移时程曲线、最大正应力时程曲线及某一时刻隧道位移幅值和最大正应力在x方向的变化曲线.其结果与数值计算结果相一致,验证了方法的可行性.     

Seasonal variation in water column conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand

Seasonal variation in water column conditions in the upper Gulf of Thailand (UGoT) was analyzed by considering four major factors including surface heat flux, freshwater discharge, tidal and wind stirrings. The coincidence of surface heat loss, low river discharge and strong wind resulted in vertical well-mixing in December. Strong stratification developed in September and October due to large river discharge and moderate heat flux. Strong surface heating in April and May has a potential to generate strong stratification, although not as large as that in September and October due to low river discharge. Although no factors are prominent during January and March, and June and August, weak to moderate stratification results, because the influences of river discharge and surface heating are still larger than those of tidal and wind stirrings. The results of water column analysis based on monthly average data agree well with analyses derived from cruise data in the same months. Most analytical results correspond to the distributions of temperature and salinity from field observations. Disagreement, however, was found in December 2003 (cruise CU-2) when stratification in some small regions occurs in the distribution of water properties, but the water column analysis suggests vertical well-mixing. This phenomenon is triggered by non-uniform distribution of freshwater over UGoT, which is related to river discharge, monsoonal wind and current. Compared to a previous study regarding surface chlorophyll dynamics, water column conditions may be used to explain the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom in this region.     

Analysis of earthquake ground motions using an improved Hilbert–Huang transform

Some limitations of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for nonlinear and nonstationary signal processing are remarked. As an enhancement to the HHT, a time varying vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model based method is proposed to calculate the instantaneous frequencies of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a signal. By representing the IMFs as time varying VARMA model and using the Kalman filter to estimate the time varying model parameters, the instantaneous frequencies are calculated according to the time varying parameters, then the instantaneous frequencies and the envelopes derived from the cubic spline interpolation of the maxima of IMFs are used to yield the Hilbert spectrum. The analysis of the length of day dataset and the ground motion record El Centro (1940, N–S) shows that the proposed method offers advantages in frequency resolution, and produces more physically meaningful and readable Hilbert spectrum than the original HHT method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT). The analysis of the seismic response of a building during the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that the proposed method is a powerful tool for structural damage detection, which is expected as the promising area for future research.     

Effect of wellbore storage and finite thickness skin on flow to a partially penetrating well in a phreatic aquifer

An analytical model is presented for the analysis of constant flux tests conducted in a phreatic aquifer having a partially penetrating well with a finite thickness skin. The solution is derived in the Laplace transform domain for the drawdown in the pumping well, skin and formation regions. The time-domain solution in terms of the aquifer drawdown is then obtained from the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform and presented as dimensionless drawdown–time curves. The derived solution is used to investigate the effects of the hydraulic conductivity contrast between the skin and formation, in addition to wellbore storage, skin thickness, delayed yield, partial penetration and distance to the observation well. The results of the developed solution were compared with those from an existing solution for the case of an infinitesimally thin skin. The latter solution can never approximate that for the developed finite skin. Dimensionless drawdown–time curves were compared with the other published results for a confined aquifer. Positive skin effects are reflected in the early time and disappear in the intermediate and late time aquifer responses. But in the case of negative skin this is reversed and the negative skin also tends to disguise the wellbore storage effect. A thick negative skin lowers the overall drawdown in the aquifer and leads to more persistent delayed drainage. Partial penetration increases the drawdown in the case of a positive skin; however its effect is masked by the negative skin. The influence of a negative skin is pronounced over a broad range of radial distances. At distant observation points the influence of a positive skin is too small to be reflected in early and intermediate time pumping test data and consequently the type curve takes its asymptotic form.     

小波包去噪在地震信号预处理中的应用

本文将小波包去噪应用于地震信号的预处理中,并与信号功率谱分析相结合,取得了良好的效果。结果表明,该方法极大的削弱了地震信号中的高、低频干扰,具有一定的应用价值。     

小波变换方法在辽宁跨断层形变资料分析中的应用

运用二进小波变换方法,分析了辽宁省跨断层观测资料不同尺度的小波变换的细节信号变换特征。研究结果表明,不同尺度小波变换分解的细节信号显示出不同的时变特征,可以识别和提取原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常。当尺度为3时的细节信号的年周期特征被打破,或者当尺度为3时的细节信号变化超出2倍均方差时,测点周围250km左右范围内发生中强地震的可能性很大。     

Radon变换在非规则观测系统中波场分离的应用

Radon变换是数据处理中广泛应用的一种方法技术.本文介绍了Radon变换在规则及其非规则观测系统中波场分离中应用,讨论了Radon变换的公式、实现方法和有关计算参数的选择.通过理论模型的试算,阐明了Radon变换在缺失道、道距变化情况下依然可以高精度的分离波场,并对线性、抛物Radon变换进行了比较,对隧道超前预报反射波资料进行了处理,给出了隧道超前预报处理流程中提取反射波的算例.     

Statistical model on the surface elevation of waves with breaking

In the surface wind drift layer with constant momentum flux, two sets of the consistent surface eleva- tion expressions with breaking and occurrence conditions for breaking are deduced from the first in- tegrals of the energy and vortex variations and the kinetic and mathematic breaking criterions, then the expression of the surface elevation with wave breaking is established by using the Heaviside function. On the basis of the form of the sea surface elevation with wave breaking and the understanding of small slope sea waves, a triple composite function of real sea waves is presented including the func- tions for the breaking, weak-nonlinear and basic waves. The expression of the triple composite func- tion and the normal distribution of basic waves are the expected theoretical model for surface elevation statistics.     

用小波变换方法提取地下流体观测异常信息

首先对小波分析方法作了简单介绍,然后运用该方法,对1992～2002年上海地区9口水氡观测井的资料进行了6阶小波变换,提取的地震异常信息与实际地震有较好的对应关系;对1983年山东荷泽5.9级地震和1998河南清丰4.0级地震前聊古1井的氡观测资料进行了小波分析,发现1～6阶小波系数均出现异常;对1999年山东苍山5.2级地震前枣庄十里泉井的水汞观测资料进行了小波分析,发现1～6阶小波系数也出现异常.因此,运用小波分析方法可以有效地提取地震前兆异常信息.