Temperature–salinity modeling for Ruwais coastal area in United Arab Emirates

A three dimensional rectangular grid model is applied to resolve the temperature–salinity dynamics of Ruwais, a segment of the UAE coast which is well known as dense water formation zone. The model employs a heat flux module and a turbulence closure scheme that facilitate realistic calculation of temperature–salinity dynamics. A field survey campaign is carried out to support the modeling study, involving measurements of tide, currents, temperature, and salinity. Investigation is done for two meteorologically extreme conditions, i.e. summer and winter. The model study showed that the western flux develops an anticlockwise circulation in the study area. The water industrial discharges elevated the temperature and salinity of the water near the southeastern shoreline. This water mass propagated towards north under the influence of gravity.     

Mass Balance Study on Phosphorus Removal in Constructed Wetland Microcosms Treating Polluted River Water

A number of studies have showed that the mass removal rates of phosphorus (P) in different constructed wetlands (CWs) varied significantly, and it is essential to quantify the contributions of major P removal processes in order to improve system design. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vegetation, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and water temperature on P removal from polluted river water and to quantify the contributions of different P removal pathways in surface CWs. Results showed that the average total P removal rates ranged between 2.69 and 20.84 mg/(m² day) in different seasons and were influenced significantly by vegetation, HRT, and water temperature. According to the mass balance approach, plant uptake removed 4.81–22.33% of P input, while media storage contributed 36.16–49.66%. Other P removal processes such as microbiota uptake removed around 0.26–4.13%. Media storage and plant uptake were identified as the main P removal processes in surface CWs treating polluted river water. This illustrated the importance of selecting media and plants in CWs for future practical application.     

震前云下增温异常及其时段特征

利用卫星热红外图像资料做地震短临预报, 主要依据的是地表大气增温异常在卫星图像上的亮温反映。 但在阴云密布的天气条件下, 这种预报方法却受到了限制, 因为卫星无法探测到地面或水面是否有增温异常。 通过气象资料分析, 得知云层或其他气象条件引起的降温并不能改变震前地表温度增加的趋势。 某些地震之前虽然震中及其附近地区天空阴云密布, 地面增温幅度却可高达十几度。 云下增温曲线可划分为3个时段(即A、 B、 C段), 其中A段与C段分别为增温前与震后的温度变化曲线, 多与日照时间呈正相关关系, 特别是A段的这种关系更具普遍性。 然而, 反映震前地面增温特征的B段却与日照时间没有明显的相关性, 可见这种持续增温、 与云量无关的波状增温等都主要不是由日照或气象条件引起的, 而是一种与地下应力作用、 气体释放、 瞬变电场等有关的震兆现象。 因此, 提高对云下增温的系统观测能力, 是改善热红外地震预报的有效途径。     

长江流域汛期降水集中程度和洪涝关系研究

用新定义的降水集中度和集中期分别讨论了我国长江流域不同地段汛期降水在时间和空间上的分布特征和变化规律. 结果表明在对长江流域旱涝灾害研究方面,降水集中度和集中期能够定量地表征降水量在时空场上的非均匀性,提取出最大降水重心对应的时段,因此可以比较理想地分析旱涝灾害发生的基本特征及其形成机制. 并且在长江中下游地区的降水集中度与东亚副热带季风之间存在着比较密切的联系.     

A drought outlook study in Korea

Abstract

Techniques are proposed for developing a monthly and weekly drought outlook and the drought outlook components are evaluated. A drought index, the surface water supply index (SWSI) was modified and used for the drought outlook. A water balance model (abcd) was successfully calibrated using a regional regression, including monthly and weekly factors, and was used to convert meteorology to hydrology. For the monthly drought outlook, an ensemble technique was applied, both with and without monthly industrial meteorology information (MIMI). For the weekly drought outlook, a deterministic forecasting technique was applied employing the Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS). The methodologies were applied to the Geum River basin in Korea. While only the weekly outlook using the GDAPS has sufficient forecasting capability to suggest it might be useful, the accuracy of the monthly drought outlook is expected to improve as the climate forecast accuracy increases.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Hughes

Citation Kim, Y.-O., Lee, J.-K., and Palmer, R.N., 2012. A drought outlook study in Korea. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1141–1153.     

鄂尔多斯盆地深部热结构特征及其对华北克拉通破坏的启示

基于二维稳态热传导方程,利用有限元数值模拟方法,选取东西向横穿鄂尔多斯盆地地质与地球物理解释大剖面进行了深部温度场数值模拟研究,得到了华北克拉通西部的鄂尔多斯盆地下伏岩石圈热结构特征.地幔热流变化范围:21.2~24.5 mW·m-2,体现为东高西低特征.壳幔热流比(Qc/Qm)介于1.51~1.84之间,为"热壳冷幔".与华北东部地幔热流对比表明,西部的鄂尔多斯盆地相对处于稳定的深部动力学环境.在岩石圈热结构研究基础上,对克拉通地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异进行了对比,研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西部地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异约达140 km,而东部的汾渭地堑,渤海湾盆地二者差异逐渐减小.华北克拉通自西向东,地震岩石圈厚度与热岩石圈厚度差异不断减小,意味着华北克拉通岩石圈下部的软流圈地幔黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低,本文从地热学角度可能印证了太平洋俯冲脱水作用对华北克拉通的影响.     

安徽太平湖浮游植物群落结构

安徽太平湖已被列入国家第二批生态环境保护专项.于2012年11月到2014年10月对太平湖浮游植物进行调查,共鉴定出浮游植物109属150种.其中绿藻门最多,共计46属80种,占总种数的53.33%.黄藻门未在镜检中出现,团藻在3个样品中出现;浮游植物丰度平均值为212.81×10~4cells/L,生物量平均值为1.04 mg/L.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为2.17和0.61.优势种共4门17种,其中O-寡污带指示藻1种,P-多污带指示藻4种,其余12种藻类均为β-中污带指示藻,啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)和尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)未成为优势种,太平湖优势门类为硅藻和蓝藻;2013和2014年变化表明,太平湖浮游植物群落结构有变化但变幅不大,浮游植物群落结构处于比较稳定的状态;浮游植物聚类分析表明,夏、秋季太平湖浮游植物群落结构相似,H1、H2和H3采样点浮游植物群落结构相似,H4和H5采样点浮游植物群落结构相似;相关性分析表明,丰度、生物量与水温呈极显著正相关,丰度、生物量与透明度呈极显著负相关,水质指标的变化会直接影响到浮游植物的变动,并伴随太平湖水库生态系统的相关复杂变化和生态学过程.     

2006-2015年内蒙古呼伦湖富营养化趋势及分析

以内蒙古呼伦湖为研究对象,20062015年水质数据为基础,分析呼伦湖的富营养化变化趋势及其影响因素.结果表明,20062015年呼伦湖各水质指标都有不同程度的变幅,其中盐度变化范围为0.75~1.71 ng/L,均值为1.32 ng/L,2010年达到峰值1.71 ng/L,随后呈现逐年递减趋势;pH的变化范围为8.78~9.40,水体偏碱性;透明度的变化范围为0.17~0.26 m,近三年来透明度持续下降;溶解氧浓度变化范围为4.05~10.62 mg/L,均值为7.12 mg/L.总氮浓度的变化范围为1.16~3.53 mg/L,总磷浓度的变化范围为0.13~0.25 mg/L,叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为3.31~10.36 mg/m³,N/P比变化范围为4.92~15.35,水质已经达到地表水环境质量Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水体标准,是磷限制性湖泊.利用综合营养状态指数法对呼伦湖水体富营养化进行评价,2006-2015年呼伦湖水体表现出中度—重度—中度—轻度的变化趋势.通过分析呼伦湖富营养化的影响因素,结果表明,影响呼伦湖富营养化的可能因素为外源输入和入湖径流量,同时水深和水温也是呼伦湖发生富营养化的驱动因素,pH、透明度和溶解氧是呼伦湖富营养化影响水质的最主要表现指标.     

Groundwater potential zones using a combination of geospatial technology and geophysical approach: case study in Dehradun,India

ABSTRACT

A combination of geospatial, geophysical and statistical models using satellite data, the weighted index overlay (WIO) method and two-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography (2D-ERT) is applied to generate the highest potential groundwater area and to further explore the groundwater in Dehradun, India. The results show that of 19.7 km² total basin area, 0.26% falls under the “poor” category as a prospect zone for groundwater, 4.3% is “moderate”, 10.10% “moderately good”, 4.9% “good” and 0.17% “very good”. In addition, the demonstration of the geophysical survey is presented, in which Purkal Youth Society Division (PYSD) site is categorized as a shallow aquifer zone and the Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary School (GNFCS) site is a deeper aquifer zone. Our study emphasizes remote sensing and geographic information system integrated with a geophysical survey to support prospecting the most probable area and confirm the existence of groundwater.     

保定市典型多层砖混结构震害预测分析

将保定市42栋典型多层砖混结构分别按照年代、用途、层数分类,采用结构易损性方法进行震害预测分析,得出各自震害矩阵,并以平均抗震能力指数评价其抗震能力。分析结论可为保定市多层砖混群体震害预测提供参考。