广东近半个世纪的气温变化趋势

利用统计学方法对广东省86个气象站点最冷月(1月)、最热月(7月)的平均气温及年平均气温资料进行分析。得出广东省近半个世纪来气温总的趋势是在上升，且冬季的气温升幅大于夏季，尤其是80年代中期以后，上升更为明显。广东气温变化趋势与全球气温的变化一致。     

1999、1998年长江流域暴雨成因对比分析

运用GMSTBB资料对比分析了1999年1998年夏季长江流域暴雨的成因，其中，重点探讨了南海季风云涌与副主的相互作用同南方强降水过程表成的关系，认为，南海季风涌爆发射副高比推或者保使长江中下游地区高压形成，张降雨出现在华南，相反，季风云涌间歇期西北太平国高西伸占据南海和华南，长江中下游地区出现强降水。     

中国大陆科学钻探靶区深部温度预测

依据中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD)两口先导孔中地热测量和岩石样品热物性参数,对5000m深钻的可能钻遇温度进行了预测.先导孔中地温梯度介于1-26℃/km;岩石热导率变化为2.64-8.81W/(m@K),平均(3.4±1.26)W/(m@K);实测热流值为76-80mW/m2;30块岩石样品放射性生热率变化为(0.0-2.17)μW/m3,450m深度以上层平均(0.76±0.5)μW/m3,以下层段平均(0.48±0.2)μW/m3,生热率随深度递减,但变化趋势难以明确判定.分别对热流和热导率取上、下限,采用不同的生热率随深度的分布函数,区分考虑或不考虑热导率的温度相关性,分别计算出5000m深度内可能的温度分布剖面.计算结果表明,超深井于5000m垂直深度上的温度将达到110-140℃,2000m深度的探井钻遇温度将介于54-64℃.此外,考虑热导率的温度效应后预测的温度一般高于未考虑热导率温度效应5-8℃.     

硅酸盐熔体结构研究进展及意义

近年来研究表明岩浆的物理及化学性质与其熔体结构密切相关，因此熔体结构的研究对于理解岩浆的性质及岩动力学等与岩浆作用相关的地质问题是非常重要的。本文概括介绍了熔体结构的研究进展，着重讨论了熔体中熔体组分、温度及压力对熔体结构的影响。此外，并对硅酸盐熔体结构的研究意义进行了论述。     

青藏高原夏季TBB场与水汽分布关系的初步研究

通过对比分析 1998年夏季各月青藏高原及周边地区GMSTBB及由HLAFS资料计算的湿度(T -Td、θse)和水汽通量平均场 ,指出 :TBB场展示的云区及无云或少云区可以直观地揭示出大气中湿、干区的分布 ,准纬向和准经向TBB低值带分别指示出大气中的水汽汇合区和水汽输送带。据此 ,由 17年夏季TBB总平均场分析得到 :青藏高原上空为北部较干、南部很湿 ,并且南部湿区中又是中、东部较湿和嵌入有两个湿中心区 ,西部较干 ;高原上的水汽来自孟加拉湾和阿拉伯海 ,并且主要从 85°～ 95°E一带中的某些有利地区涌上高原     

Raman spectra of hydrous γ -Mg2SiO4 at various pressures and temperatures

 One well-defined OH Raman band at 3651 ± 1 cm⁻¹ and one weak feature near 3700 ± 5 cm⁻¹ are recognized for the hydrous γ-phase of Mg₂SiO₄. Like the hydrous β-phase, the H₂O content in the γ-phase shifts most of the corresponding silicate modes towards lower frequencies. Variations in Raman spectra of the hydrous γ-phase were investigated up to about 200 kbar at room temperature and in the range 81–873 K at atmospheric pressure. Unlike the anhydrous γ-phase, which remains intact up to at least 873 K, the hydrous γ-phase sometimes converts to a defective forsterite structure above 800 K. Although the hydrous γ-phase remains intact up to at least 800 K, Raman signals of the OH bands disappear completely above 423 K. The Raman frequency of the well-defined OH band decreases linearly with increasing temperature between 81 and 423 K. In the region of the silicate vibrations, the Raman frequencies of the two most intense bands increase nonlinearly with increasing pressure, and decrease with increasing temperature. The frequencies for all other weak bands, however, decreased linearly with increasing temperature. The latter most likely reflects the larger scatter of the data for the weak bands. Received: 27 April 2001 / Accepted: 12 September 2001     

Nitrous Oxide Flux Estimates for South-Eastern Australia

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes for south-easternAustralia have been estimated using a combination ofthe in situ N₂O and radon (Rn) measurementsmade at the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution Station,in north-west Tasmania. The average N₂O fluxesfrom the south-eastern mainland of Australia and fromTasmania over the nine years of record analysed (1985–1993) have beenfound to be 130 ± 30 kgN km^-2yr^-1 and 160 ± 45 kgN km^-2yr^-1respectively. These fluxes are larger than expectedand a significant dependence of the flux on rainfallis observed, with greater fluxes in the spring (October–December) andduring periods of positive SouthernOscillation Index. A large flux (1,300 ± 500kgN km^-2 yr^-1) from a nearby island (KingIsland) was also estimated from the data record,indicating a strong source, although the small size ofthe island means that it is not a significant sourcefor Australia.     

Attenuation of coda waves in northern Greece

The single scattering model has been applied for the estimation of codaQ values for local earthquakes that occurred in northern Greece during the period 1983–1989 and recorded by the telemetered network of the Geophysical Laboratory of the University of Thessaloniki. CodaQ estimations were made for four frequency bands centered at 1.5 Hz, 3.0 Hz, 6.0 Hz and 12.0 Hz and for the lapse time windows 10–20 sec, 15–30 sec, 20–45 sec, 30–60 sec and 50–100 sec. The codaQ values obtained show a clear frequency dependence of the formQ _c =Q ₀ f ⁿ , whileQ ₀ andn depend on the lapse time window.Q ₀ was found equal to 33 andn equal to 1.01 for the time window of 10 to 20 sec, while for the other windowsQ ₀ increased from 60 to 129, withn being stable, close to 0.75. This lapse time dependence is interpreted as due to a depth dependent attenuation. The high attenuation and the strong frequency dependence found are characteristic of an area with high seismicity, in agreement with studies in other seismic regions.     

城市气溶胶对太阳辐射的影响及其在边界层温度变化中的反映

本文利用冬季观测的兰州市区、邻近山顶以及郊区皋兰县的辐射资料和温度廓线资料,分析了兰州城市气溶胶对太阳辐射影响;并用二流近似累加法计算了低层大气吸收太阳辐射的加热率,其结果与低层大气上部的实际增温在数值上比较接近。分析了城市气溶胶短波辐射效应对边界层温度廓线分布的影响。表明城市烟雾层削弱了地面热通量但增加了低层大气中上部的增温,从而增加了城市低层大气的稳定度。     

新疆乌什6.4级地震的热异常

本文分析了乌什6·4级地震200公里左右范围内的气温、地温、冻土深度等资料,结果表明,震前这些气象要素有较普遍的短临异常显示。短期异常出现的优势时间在震前50—20天,临震异常出现在震前7天之内;异常主要分布在震中附近200公里以内,近处异常大于远处,异常似乎有沿构造带及其端都显示更明显的特点。相距90公里的阿合奇为本次地震热异常盲区,超过300公里无明显异常;深层地温异常范围较浅层大,出现异常的时间较早,持续时间也较长;临震异常幅度大而持续时间短,具有动态特性;气温的临震异常有由震中向外传播的特点,传播速度45公里/小时,幅度则随震中距衰减,衰减方程具有t=a(1/Δ(3/2))+b/Δ的形式。