温度变化对夏季降温耗能的影响

该文采用降温度日数作为评估夏季降温耗能的指标 ,分析了我国夏季降温度日分布和长期变化特征。温度与降温耗能相关分析表明 ,两者相关密切 ,相关程度随气温升高而增加 ;降温耗能的 1℃效应量 ,北方大于南方。文章最后 ,利用气温距平与降温度日变率建立了夏季降温耗能评估模型。     

DAS24-3B数据采集系统采集控制模块的工作原理

DAS24-3B是中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研制的宽频带地震数据采集系统。采集控制模块是该系统的重要组成部分。本文阐述了控制模块的工作原理，介绍了DAS24-3B系统的基本组成和采集器工作过程，并给出该系统如何与笔记本端应用程序界面通讯和联络的操作建议，使该系统能够在工作中发挥更大的作用。     

Attenuation of body waves in Southeastern Sicily (Italy)

The attenuation of P- and S-waves in Southeastern Sicily was estimated by applying two different methods in time and frequency domains. We analyzed waveforms from about 290 local events (0.6≤M_L≤4.6) recorded at a three-component digital network.By applying the pulse broadening method to the first P-wave pulse, we found an average Q_p value of ca. 140. The application of the frequency decay method provided a Q_p value of ca. 120, in the low-frequency band (3-9 Hz). Conversely, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz) the average Q_p is significantly larger (ca. 640). The frequency decay method was also applied to S-waves spectra. In the low frequency range (2-5 Hz) the estimated average Q_s is ca. 190. As for Q_p, also Q_s, in the high frequency range (16-27 Hz), is larger (ca. 700). These results evidenced a frequency dependence of both the quality factors Q_p and Q_s, as commonly observed in tectonically active zones characterized by high degree of heterogeneity.     

Boreal temperature variability inferred from maximum latewood density and tree-ring width data, Wrangell Mountain region, Alaska

Variations in both width and density of annual rings from a network of tree chronologies were used to develop high-resolution proxies to extend the climate record in the Wrangell Mountain region of Alaska. We developed a warm-season (July–September) temperature reconstruction that spans A.D. 1593–1992 based on the first eigenvector from principal component analysis of six maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies. The climate/tree-growth model accounts for 51% of the temperature variance from 1958 to 1992 and shows cold in the late 1600s–early 1700s followed by a warmer period, cooling in the late 1700s–early 1800s, and warming in the 20th century. The 20th century is the warmest of the past four centuries. Several severely cold warm-seasons coincide with major volcanic eruptions. The first eigenvector from a ring-width (RW) network, based on nine chronologies from the Wrangell Mountain region (A.D. 1550–1970), is correlated positively with both reconstructed and recorded Northern Hemisphere temperatures. RW shows a temporal history similar to that of MXD by increased growth (warmer) and decreased growth (cooler) intervals and trends. After around 1970 the RW series show a decrease in growth, while station data show continued warming, which may be related to increasing moisture stress or other factors. Both the temperature history based on MXD and the growth trends from the RW series are consistent with well-dated glacier fluctuations in the Wrangell Mountains and some of the temperature variations also correspond to variations in solar activity.     

Global thermal and dynamical perturbations due to Cretaceous mantle avalanche

The numerical models of mantle convection agree to depict avalanches behaviour according to the level of endothermicity of the spinel → perovskite phase change. Their potential effects on the global thermal and dynamical states of the mantle have been computed thanks to a numerical code, which takes into account both the 400-km exothermic and the 660-km endothermic phase changes. The cycle followed by the avalanches is: local layering, destabilization of the 660-km thermal layer, travelling and spreading on the core, and reappearing of the local layering. Therefore, mantle convection is characterized by quiet periods of partial layering embedded in catastrophic events. During the avalanche, the amplitude of the surface velocity is multiplied by two, which would imply an enhanced plate tectonic and ridge activities. The global thermal effects of the avalanche are compatible with a high mantle temperature and an acceleration of Earth's rotation during the Cretaceous. They also offer a coherent explanation to locate the origin of mantle plumes both within the CMB and just below the transition zone.     

强震前大气层中温压相关特征的异常显示

对中国大陆已发生的多次7级以上强震震中区气温、气压资料进行了研究，结果表明：在大震前（30天之内），气温－气压函数的平衡状态被破坏，其相关系数（代数值）不断增大，“正弓”形可作为短临异常的标志，同时对其成因也进行了初步探讨。     

温度客观预报自动化业务系统

介绍了一以Ｔ６３数值预报产品为因子，用卡尔曼滤波方法作４８小时最高，最低温度客观预报方法及其自动化业务系统，能补充目前地市台温度预报主要依靠主观预报的不足，对温度有一定的预报能力。     

人类活动中温室气体的排放对气温影响综述

本文广泛参阅了国内外科学家的研究成果，综合论述分析了几种主要温室气体的源、汇及其浓度变化特征，研究分析了其增暖潜力，温室效应的强度和对人类社会各方面的影响，提出人类为保护自身的生存环境，必须严格控制温室气体的排放量。     

90年代世界贸易发展及空间格局变化的新特点

在世界贸易组织、日趋强烈的开放的区域主义倾向、跨国公司强劲的直接投资影响下，世界贸易正在经历着巨大变化，处在一个新的转换时期。本文从影响当今世界贸易发展的多重因素分析，揭示90年代世界贸易增长、内容结构以及空间格局发展变化的新特征，并展望世界贸易的未来发展。