江西会昌岽背玄武岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

江西会昌岽背地区晚中生代玄武岩的SiO2含量为49.06%～50.14%,K2O含量为1.26%～1.63%.其微量元素显示出大离子亲石元素富集,高场强元素亏损,尤以明显的Nb、Ta亏损为特征;REE总量为(135.5～146.8)×10-6,(La/Yb)N≈10,表现出LREE富集的稀土元素配分模式,且无明显的Eu异常;Sr-Nd同位素具有高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.70678～0.70695)和低εNd(t)(-2.46～-2.18)的特征.据以上特征并结合区域地质背景,反映出岽背玄武岩的源区可能为EMⅡ型富集型大陆岩石圈地幔,其形成的构造环境为活动大陆边缘.较低的Nb/U比值(7～8)暗示该玄武质岩浆在形成过程中遭受了一定程度的大陆地壳混染或与俯冲过程有关的物质的加入.岽背玄武岩具有陆缘弧型地球化学特征,指示会昌地区在晚白垩世晚期(约85 Ma)处于活动大陆边缘的构造环境,该玄武岩的形成可能与燕山晚期古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆的俯冲消减作用关系密切.底侵作用可能为会昌地区燕山晚期成矿岩浆的生成提供了流体和热,有利于铜多金属矿的形成.     

准噶尔盆地天然气成藏体系和成藏过程分析

准噶尔盆地目前已发现的天然气以中—小型的中浅层晚期次生气藏为主。研究表明,以区域盖层上三叠统白碱滩组泥岩为界可划分为下部近源原生天然气成藏体系和上部远源次生天然气成藏体系,前者一般具有异常高压的特征,后者则具有正常的压力系统。通过对盆地东部地区、腹部地区、西北缘地区、莫索湾凸起天然气成藏过程的解剖获得了比较一致的认识,即上部次生天然气是在下部原生天然气的改造和调整的基础上形成的,下部天然气成藏体系的原生大—中型天然气藏是未来准噶尔盆地天然气的勘探方向。值得注意的是南缘冲断带的上部成藏体系既有源自侏罗系煤系烃源岩的原生天然气聚集,又伴随有次生天然气藏的形成。     

Reproductive pattern and egg development of the deep-sea crab Paromola cuvieri (Brachyura,Homolidae) around the Canary Islands (NE Atlantic)

This work investigated the biology of Paromola cuvieri in the Atlantic Ocean, including reproductive patterns, sex structure, depth distribution and egg development. Females were more abundant than males, mainly at depths greater than 600 m. Males were dominant in size classes larger than 110 mm carapace width (CW), especially over 120 mm, for which only males were observed. The mean length of both sexes decreased with depth. P. cuvieri appears to have continuous reproduction throughout the year. Large females tend to spawn mainly between summer and winter, but smaller females spawn during the summer. Four maturity categories were identified based on the ovary colour, and these categories were histologically validated. Three categories of testes were identified according to their colour and morphology. Sexual maturity was estimated at sizes between 71.6 and 74.0 mm CW for females and at 91.0 mm CW for males. The relative growth showed changes along the ontogeny, at 73.6 mm CW (females) and 91.3–92.2 mm CW (males). Egg development appears to not be completely synchronous, and two colour patterns can be observed simultaneously. Four stages of egg development were found: eggs undivided and fully filled with yolk in orange egg masses; eggs with a free region of yolk visible in orange or red egg masses; embryos with slightly pigmented, crescent-shaped eyes in brown egg masses; and embryos with visible pigmented structures, enlarged eyes, segmented appendages and abdomen in brown egg masses. The mean number of external eggs carried by females in stage I was estimated to be 315,753±19,267. Three species of barnacle were observed on the exoskeleton: Poecilasma aurantia, Poecilasma crassa and Heteralepas microstoma (Cirripedia, Thoracica).     

北京山区植被覆被率遥感制图与景观格局分析——以门头沟区为例

准确、快速地获取植被覆盖状况信息是北山区生态恢复和建设的关键与重点.本文在FCD Mapping model的原理和方法基础上,利用TM图像对北京门头沟区植被覆被率展开调查和制图应用研究,并利用FRAGSTATS软件对所得的植被覆盖等级图从斑块大小、斑块数、斑块密度、斑块平均面积、分形维数和聚集度等角度进行了空间格局的剖析.     

2013年芦山Ms7.0地震前重力场源变化分析

陆地重力观测获取的时变重力信号是研究地壳内部孕震区介质变化的重要依据。利用贝叶斯平差方法处理了川西地区2010—2012年的流动重力观测资料,发现相对重力仪的格值系数在两年内变化可达2×10^-4,而且仪器存在较小的非线性漂移率;重力场累积动态变化图像显示,2013年芦山MS7.0地震发生在重力梯度带零值线与龙门山断裂带交会部位附近。进一步采用等效源方法划定了测网内以雅安、康定和石棉为中心的场源分辨能力较高的区域,并反演了地震前的地壳视密度变化。场源视密度动态变化结果表明:2013年芦山MS7.0地震前2年,在龙门山断裂带的南侧和鲜水河断裂南段的东侧区域形成了范围较大的等效视密度增加区,而在小金至康定一带和都江堰周边地区也存在小规模的视密度增加。本文基于陆地时变重力测量结果反演得到芦山地震前的地壳内部等效视密度变化,可为研究壳内深部孕震环境变化特征提供参考。     

Using a fluvial archive to place extreme flood sediment (dis)connectivity dynamics in context of a longer-term record

The aim of this study was to establish the source and provenance of sediments deposited in a large floodplain sink during extreme floods in the Lockyer Creek catchment, Australia, in 2011 and 2013. We place the sediment source patterns in context of the longer-term record to determine whether coarse-grained sediment sources (i.e., very fine sand to very coarse sand) and the spatio-temporal pattern of (dis)connectivity have changed over time. We do this by matching the geochemical properties and age structure of a sediment profile located in a downstream floodplain sink to the elemental composition of source sediments. One hundred and fifty-seven sediment samples from 20 sites across the catchment are analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry to compare the elemental ratio composition of the downstream floodplain sink to its source materials. We use Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating to determine the age structure of the sediments in the floodplain sink. The northern tributaries and parts of the Lockyer River trunk stream are the primary sources of coarse sediment. These areas are connected (coupled) to the lower trunk stream and floodplain sediment sink. Southern tributaries are largely disconnected (decoupled) and supply little sediment to the floodplain sediment sink. This pattern of sediment source contribution has remained similar over the last 6.8 ka at least. Sediment sources as observed in the 2011 flood have predominated over the mid-late Holocene whilst those in the 2013 flood are rare.     

广州城市交通系统与空间格局互动影响研究

该文在评述国内外相关研究的基础上,阐释城市交通系统与空间格局之间的互动影响关系。对广州城市交通系统与空间格局之间的互动影响关系的研究结果表明：广州城市交通系统的发展对空间格局的形成与发展有引导作用;城市空间格局的变化会产生反馈作用,客观上影响着交通系统的空间布局,两者之间存在—个互动反馈作用环。     

鄂东丰山矿田卡林型金矿地质地球化学特征

鄂东丰山矿田主要由丰山 (封山洞 )铜矿床、鸡笼山金铜矿床和李家湾铜矿床组成。经野外调查和室内研究 ,确认矿田内存在卡林型金矿 ,金平均品位约 5× 1 0 -6,远景储量在大型以上。该卡林型金矿的主要特征是 :(1 )分布于丰山斑岩体周围的中酸性岩脉发育区 ;(2 )容矿岩石为下三叠统大冶组薄层状 -纹层状和角砾状碳酸盐岩 ;(3)矿体主要受高角度断层控制 ,通常产于岩脉的一侧或附近 ;(4 )矿石普遍具白色细网脉状方解石化和碳泥化 ,裂面上常见黑色碳质被膜 ;(5 )金主要为次显微金 ;(6 )成矿物质主要来自矿源层 ,部分来自岩浆 ,成矿热液水主要来自大气降水     

粤西金矿床成矿地球化学研究

粤西金矿床分为构造蚀变岩型、石英脉型和变质岩型.赋金地层主要为云开群上亚群和寒武系八村群,它们具有较高的含金丰度,可作为本区金的矿源层.在区域变质或混合岩化作用下,矿源层中的金可能发生活化、转移并在局部富集.海西-印支期花岗岩有继承变质岩、混合岩的特征,分异演化程度不高,这对金成矿有利.     

区域"板块"形成演变规律及其动力源探究

区域板块作为城市群发展的高级形式,是国家现代化的前进基地。作者在30多年区域开发研究与城市规划实践的基础上,系统性、创造性地提出"区域板块"这一新概念,阐述了其丰富内涵和作用,归纳了其人口、经济与生产力高度集结和扩散的规律。同时,就区域板块形成和发展动力源进行了多层面的深入分析,分类阐述了环境动力、外在动力和内在动力的作用机制。它对于今后开展区域空间研究以及城市与区域发展的相互关系,具有较强的指导意义。