Chemical compositions and cassfication of Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 and other Chinese iron meteorites

Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au of two ungrouped iron meteorites, Grove Mountains （GRV） 98003 from Antarctica and Ujimqin, were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to the bulk chemistry, GRV 98003 is classified as a member of ⅠAB group, and Ujimqin as a unique one of ⅠAB iron meteorite complex. The elemental abundance pattern and correlation between elements （e. g. Ni-Au, Co-Au, As-Au, W- Au, Cu-Au, Sb-Au） of GRV 98003 are similar with those of NAW 468 （ⅠAB）, but significantly depleted in refractory siderophile elements （ Re, It） and moderate volatile elements （Ca, Ge） relative to the latter. In addition, we reclassify Nantan （ⅢCD） as a member of ⅠAB main group （MG） and Yongning （ⅠA） as a unique iron meteorite related with IAB iron meteorite complex.     

浅谈河北省太行山区家庭养兔规模

本文对河北省太行山区家庭养兔规模进行了抽样调查,分析了家庭养兔规模的制约因素和规模大小之利弊。根据当地实际,提出了家庭养兔的适宜规模、经营方式和生产方向,对同类地区发展家庭养兔业具有一定的指导意义。     

FRAME DESIGN OF REMOTE SENSING MONITORING FOR VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAINS

Volcanic eruption is one of the most serious geological disasters, however, a host of facts have proven that the Changbai Mountains volcano is a modem dormant one and has ever erupted disastrously. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, space monitoring of volcanic activities has already become possible, particularly in the application of thermal infrared remote sensing. The paper, through the detailed analysis of geothermal anomaly factors such as heat radiation, heat conduction and convection, depicts the monitoring principles by which volcano activities would be monitored efficiently and effectively. Reasons for abrupt geothermal anomaly are mainly analyzed, and transmission mechanism of geothermal anomaly in the volcanic regions is explained. Also, a variety of noises disturbing the transmission of normal geothermal anomaly are presented. Finally, some clues are given based on discussing thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring mechanism toward the volcanic areas.     

甘肃省党河南山北坡火山岩含矿性研究

对测区火山岩矿化元素富集规律作了较为详细的分析,结合已有矿点的实际资料认为:区内铜矿化有利地层主要为一套次石英安山玢岩,扎子沟花岗闪长岩岩体对矿化的影响也很重要。测区石英安山玢岩、次石英安山玢岩,Ag、Mo、Cu、Au含量颇高,形成铜矿化的可能性较大。而玄武岩与安山玢岩,则贫Cu、Zn,且分布有限,故寻找铜矿床的可能性很小。     

太行山南缘王莽岭地区风化壳的地球化学特征与夷平面形成环境

通过野外考察、室内测试分析及区域对比,对王莽岭地区风化壳的特征与夷平面的形成环境进行探讨。从地貌学、古岩溶、风化壳等方面验证了王莽岭地区存在一级夷平面(1 400~1600 m)和一级古宽谷—山麓面(800~1100m)。通过对风化壳的地球化学测试分析,认为夷平面形成于湿热的气候环境,其上风化壳脱硅富铝化作用明显,但仍属于中等发育程度;古宽谷—山麓面形成于暖湿的气候环境,其上风化壳脱硅富铝化作用不强,发育程度为中等偏弱。最后,通过区域综合对比,初步推断夷平面是形成于渐新世的太行期夷平面,古宽谷—山麓面是形成于上新世的唐县期古宽谷—山麓面。     

Geomorphological signatures of the evolution of active normal faults along the Langshan Mountains,North China

Segmentation, propagation, and linkage of normal faults often occur in regions of active extension, and observations of the distribution and structural properties of segment boundaries can provide important insights for seismic hazard assessment. In this study, we carry out quantitative geomorphological analysis to evaluate the relative tectonic activity along the Langshan Piedmont Fault (LPF), which bounds the NW margin of the Hetao Graben, North China. On the basis of obtained morphometric indices (HI, BS, Smf, VF, SLK, and χ), tectonic knickpoint heights, footwall topography, and small unmanned aerial vehicles (sUAV)-based field observations, we demonstrate that: (i) The Langshan landscape is in a state of disequilibrium in response to active rock uplift and channel incision; (ii) The LPF consists of two major fault segments with lengths of 65 and 95 km, respectively, which likely have been linked with each other; (iii) Rupturing of the whole of one segment can generate an earthquake of M_w ~7.3–7.5, and earthquake magnitude may reach M_w ~7.8 if the entire fault trace of ~160 km is ruptured, posing a significant seismic risk in the western Hetao Graben. These findings would further our understanding of normal fault evolution through space and time in actively extending regions.     

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托锡多金属矿床流体包裹体和同位素特征

维拉斯托锡多金属矿床位于大兴安岭南段西坡,是一个以锡为主,共伴生锌、钨、铜、钼、铷、铌、钽和锂的大型矿床。矿床包括深部以锡为主,伴生锌、铷、铌和钽的蚀变花岗岩型矿体;中部以锂为主,伴生锡、锌、铜和铷的隐爆角砾岩型矿体及浅部锡、钨、锌、铜和钼的石英大脉型和网脉型矿体。矿床的主要工业矿体为石英脉型,呈北北东向产于古元古界宝音图群和华力西中期石英闪长岩中的断裂破碎带内,而蚀变花岗岩型和隐爆角砾岩型矿石的品位较低。矿床的成矿过程可以划分为4个阶段:钠长石化-天河石化阶段(Ⅰ)、云英岩化阶段(Ⅱ)、锡钨氧化物-多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)和钼多金属硫化物阶段(Ⅳ)。为了查明成矿流体性质、成矿流体和成矿物质来源及矿质沉淀机制,文章对Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ阶段的脉石英开展了流体包裹体研究和H-O-C同位素分析,对硫化物开展了S-Pb同位素分析。维拉斯托锌多金属矿床发育富液两相(WL型)、富气两相(WG型)、H2O-CO2(C型)和含子矿物多相(S型)4种类型的包裹体。Ⅰ阶段发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度372~473℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)5.3%~50.9%;Ⅲ阶段亦发育WL型、WG型和S型包裹体,均一温度243~412℃,盐w(Na Cleq)为4.3%~48.5%;Ⅳ阶段发育WL型、WG型、C型和S型包裹体,均一温度215~414℃,盐度w(Na Cleq)4.1%~48.5%。矿床的δ18OH2O值介于2.4‰~8.5‰之间,δD值介于-120‰~-79‰之间,δ13CV-PBD值为-15.5‰~-14.9‰,表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,后期有少量大气降水的加入。矿石的δ34S值为-4.6‰~-2.2‰;矿石的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.310~18.381、15.531~15.584和38.151~38.326。S-Pb同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来源于岩浆。维拉斯托锡多金属矿床属于岩浆-中高温热液矿床,成矿与早白垩世的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩有关。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的主要机制。     

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木超大型钼矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

迪彦钦阿木钼矿是近年来发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床,位于大兴安岭中段二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带。本文主要对迪彦钦阿木钼矿床的流体包裹体及硫同位素进行了系统研究。迪彦钦阿木钼矿发育有四个成矿阶段:石英-钾长石阶段、石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段及石英-萤石-碳酸盐阶段。矿床不同阶段的流体包裹体中,富气相(V类)、富液相(L类)和含子晶(S类)包裹体大量共存。显微测温结果显示,第一阶段包裹体均一温度为492～ 600℃,盐度分为两部分:5. 36%NaCleqv(L类)和32. 39%～64. 90%NaCleqv(S类);第二阶段包裹体均一温度为292～510℃,盐度为4. 49%～19. 92%NaCleqv(L类)和28. 43%～70. 21%NaCleqv (S类);第三阶段包裹体均一温度为206～388℃,盐度为2. 24%～22. 71%NaCleqv(L类)和28. 62%～54. 64%NaCleqv(S类);第四阶段包裹体均一温度、盐度最低,均一温度为133～288℃,盐度为0. 88%～7. 86%NaCleqv。流体具有从高温、高盐度向低温低盐度演化趋势。前三个成矿阶段L类、V类和S类包裹体大量共存,端元包裹体均一温度相近,盐度相差很大,表明发生了强烈的流体沸腾作用。多期次的流体沸腾作用是迪彦钦阿木矿床的主要成矿机制。硫同位素研究显示,δ~(34)S值的变化范围是1. 78‰～10. 41‰,暗示着迪彦钦阿木钼矿成矿物质主要来自于岩浆。     

中天山阿拉塔格环状杂岩体中闪长质包体地球化学与岩浆混合作用

环状杂岩体的岩相分带有多种成因模式。为了查明新疆阿拉塔格环状岩体的成因,本文特就其中暗色包体的成因及其岩浆演化进行探讨。包体分布极不均匀,在酸性岩单元的东南角集中发育,大部分呈浑圆状或次圆状,微细粒结构,部分包体中含有寄主岩石中的长石斑晶。通过对暗色包体主量、微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素及单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄测试,认为该环状岩体中的暗色包体主要为闪长质-花岗闪长质岩浆包体,包体SiO_2(56.72%~61.80%)低,K_2O+Na_2O(8.12%~10.55%)高,具有高钾富碱的特征,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列;里特曼指数(σ)为4.59~4.85,稀土元素富集。包体及寄主岩的主量和微量元素协变图呈不同程度的线性关系,而且两者稀土、微量元素曲线形态相近,显示出包体和寄主岩在地球化学特征上既有相似性,又有不同的特点。这种特征表明,环状花岗岩岩浆的形成至少与两种岩桨的混合有关。包体的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)t较低(0.705204~0.705914)、ε_(Nd)(t)=1.65~2.57,全部为正值,揭示包体的原始岩浆为幔源玄武质岩浆。包体和寄主岩石的关系显示岩浆的混合方式为基性岩浆注入到已经开始结晶的酸性岩浆。本研究为环状杂岩体的多种成因过程提供了重要依据,认为其中的环状花岗岩单元为壳源酸性岩浆与幔源基性岩浆混合作用的产物。包体和寄主岩石的特征均反映在晚古生代中天山造山带发生过一定程度的后碰撞地壳垂向生长。     

阿尔金南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格北侧冰沟南组变质火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

阿尔金南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格北侧青白口系冰沟南组变质火山岩为一套与滨浅海相细粒陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩共生的基性火山岩,主要岩性为蚀变玄武安山岩和安山质凝灰熔岩。岩石地球化学结果显示,SiO_2含量在48.28%～51.98%之间,平均为50.31%,富碱、低钛,里特曼指数δ为0.33～2.30,铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.45～0.88,属于低钾(拉斑)系列。Mg~#值介于40.46～56.28之间,平均值为50.12,表明基性火山岩岩浆经历了较弱程度的结晶分异作用。稀土元素弱富集、弱负Eu异常,呈右倾型。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K、Sr亏损,高场强元素P、Ti、Nb、Hf亏损,强不相容元素Th、U富集,为强不相容富集型。岩石微量与稀土元素具有板内玄武岩的特征。根据构造环境判别系列图解综合分析认为,基性火山岩形成于板内裂谷环境。结合区域地质背景,研究区古元古代古大陆的裂解从长城纪一直持续到青白口纪早期,形成基性火山岩,从青白口纪中晚期开始转为罗迪尼亚超大陆的挤压汇聚阶段。