长春城市蔓延机理与调控路径研究

城市蔓延是当今世界许多大城市普遍面临的问题.20世纪90年代以来,长春城市蔓延特征逐渐凸显并日趋严重,随之产生许多经济、社会和生态方面的负面效应.城市经济的高速发展、人口增长与空问扩散、开发区建设、机动化与交通设施建设、住宅扩散与郊区房地产开发以及城市规划的宏观导向等因素,都在不同程度上导致了长春的城市蔓延.为遏制长春"摊大饼"式的空间扩张和进一步的城市蔓延.借鉴国内外有效控制城市蔓延的相关理念和应对策略,从城市增长模式、空间优化布局、房地产开发控制与引导、快速交通体系建设、耕地与生态系统保护等五个方面提出了长春城市发展过程中消减城市蔓延的调控路径.     

Plant functional types and climate along a precipitation gradient in temperate grasslands, north-east China and south-east Mongolia

Using data from three field surveys along a precipitation gradient of temperate grasslands in north-east China (the Northeast China Transect, NECT) and south-east Mongolia, the spatial distribution of six plant functional types (PFTs): C₃ species, C₄ species, grasses, shrubs, forbs and succulents and their relationships with climate were analysed. The spatial distribution of different PFTs varies in different regions and in different grassland types of the study area. The species richness in each PFT also has different relationships with climate (significantly or not). Generally, the number of C₃ species, C₄ species, grasses and forbs have positive relationships with precipitation and aridity. Shrubs have negative relationship with precipitation and aridity. Succulents were found to have no relationship with precipitation and aridity. Shrubs, grasses and forbs have stronger relationships with precipitation than C₃ and C₄ species. The relationships between C₃ species, forbs and aridity are more significant than with precipitation. On a regional basis, the combined effect of precipitation and temperature, the aridity, is more significantly correlated with the distribution of C₃ species and forbs, which are more dominant in the study area, than with C₄ species, grasses and succulents.     

关中盆地近地面风场和大气输送特征分析

利用2017年151个地面气象站的逐时观测数据和相关高空资料分析关中盆地近地面风场与输送特征。首先分析盆地内代表性站点的风速和风向观测事实,然后用CALMET风场诊断模式和轨迹计算模式获取当地逐小时风场和每日逐小时传输轨迹,分析风场类型。结果表明:关中盆地内日平均风速约1～3 m s?1,夏季风速高、秋冬季低;盆地中央的主导风向以沿地形走向的东北风和西南风为主,盆地四周测站的主导风向表现出顺着地形向盆地中央汇流的趋势。各站主导风向的季节变化不大。盆地内风场分为系统控制型、弱天气背景型和局地环流型3类,全年出现日数比例分别占8%、17.3%和74.7%。以山谷风日夜循环为特征的局地环流型风场最多。以西安城区为源点的大气输送轨迹显示,系统控制型风场以偏东北方向的输送为主,弱天气背景型和局地环流型风场的轨迹输送都大致以偏东北和偏西（以及偏西南）沿盆地走向以及偏东南朝向秦岭山地这三个方向为主。局地环流型的轨迹影响范围小,集中于盆地中央和南侧山地之间,表明这是一种不利于污染扩散的风场类型。     

视力下降与颅内病变的CT分析

本文对１０５例主要因视力下降来我院进行头颅ＣＴ扫描患者,他们的ＣＴ片进行全面分析。作者挑选出与视力有关的颅内病３１例,以此实例来进行分析视力下降与颅内病变发生的部位的关系,同时说明影响视路的程度差别。     

The roles of serine protease, intracellular and extracellular phenoloxidase in activation of prophenoloxidase system, and characterization of phenoloxidase from shrimp haemocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide or dopamine

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and dopamine(DA) on the activation of the prophenoloxidase(proPO) system of Litopenaeus vannamei.LPS and DA were shown with a negative dose-dependent effect on hyalne cells(HC),semi-granular cells(SGC),large granular cells(LGC),and total haemocyte count(THC).When haemocytes were treated with LPS or DA,serine proteinase activity and intracellular phenoloxidase(PO) activity were significantly reduced,but extracellular PO activity increased significantly.These findings indicated that the reduction in haemocyte counts was mainly because of the degranulation and activation of the proPO system from semi-granule and large granule cells.The PKC inhibitor,chelerythrine,and the TPK inhibitor,genistein,had an inhibitory effect on extracellular PO activity,while serine proteinase and intracellular PO activity increased.This suggests that the LPS and DA induce the activation of proPO in haemocytes via PKC and TPK-related signaling pathways,but serine proteinase may be activated only by PKC,as the genistein effects were not statistically significant.Electrophoresis analysis revealed that POs induced by LPS or DA have the same molecular mass and high diphenolase activity.Two PO bands at 526 kDa and 272 kDa were observed in PAGE,while in the haemocyte lysate supernatant(HLS),only a 272-kDa band was observed.This band was resolved after SDS-PAGE under non-reducing and reducing conditions into two groups of POs,166 kDa and 126 kDa,and 78.1 kDa and 73.6 kDa,respectively,suggesting that PO in L.vannamei is an oligomer,which may have different compositions intra-and extracellularly.     

准噶尔盆地克-百地区中生界输导层及物性下限与成藏关系

渗透性地层称为输导层,它是油气运移的通道。输导层的油气输导能力与岩层物性有密切关系。物性越好,输导能力越强,物性越差,输导能力越差。通过克-百地区中生界输导层的研究,油气输导层的物性下限不是一个固定值,输导物性下限与埋深、原油性质和总体物性条件有关。输导层的分布直接控制油藏的分布,只有分布在有效输导层上的圈闭才能形成油藏。     

油气优势运移通道的类型及其物理模拟实验研究

地质分析和物理模拟实验证实地质条件下油气总是沿着浮力最大和阻力最小的的方向和通道运移,形成油气优势运移通道有5种基本模式:级差优势、分隔优势、流向优势、流压优势和断面优势。物理模拟实验结果表明油气运移实际通道只占输导层的1%~10%,但却运输了油气的绝大部分;输导层物性的差异、盖层沉降中心的偏移、流体动力、断层倾角及断层面几何形态控制了油气运移的优势通道;实际地质条件下油气运移所形成的优势通道是上述5种模式综合作用的结果。由于优势通道是大部分油气运移的实际路径,其研究对追踪油气来源、预测有利圈闭有着十分重要的作用。     

转录组学分析B-3胞外多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7基因表达的影响

B-3胞外多糖是从一株南极嗜冷菌Psychrobacter sp.B-3发酵液中提取的胞外多糖,前期研究发现该多糖能够激活巨噬细胞并影响其免疫调控活动。为探明其免疫调控途径,采用转录组学分析对经B-3多糖刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞系进行了差异表达基因分析。研究结果表明B-3多糖的刺激引起了420个基因的差异表达,其中上调178个、下调242个。差异表达基因与细胞功能存在诸多关联,但主要集中在代谢和免疫两个通路上：其中在多个免疫相关通路上,富集最显著的是抗原处理和表达途径;另一个明显富集的则是代谢通路,B-3多糖处理引起了大量参与代谢的酶类的表达变化,包括氨基酸,碳水化合物,脂质和核苷酸代谢相关基因均发生了一定程度的改变。因此,B-3胞外多糖作为一种免疫激活剂直接影响了RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的免疫功能,同时也对其胞内的代谢途径产生了影响。本论文首次开展了南极嗜冷细菌胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞系的影响,该研究为不同来源的活性多糖对巨噬细胞免疫激活研究提供了科学依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部上古生界石千峰组低压气藏特征

鄂尔多斯盆地的气源主要来自于山西组-太原组的海陆交互相煤系地层, 上石盒子组沉积了一套巨厚的泥岩, 具有很强的封盖能力, 天然气很难穿层运移.近年来, 相继在盆地东部的石千峰组地层中发现了一系列次生气藏, 其形成机理逐步引起了勘探家的关注.根据次生气藏的特点, 结合包裹体测试计算, 认为其形成原因主要是由于下部超压地层进行超压释放, 从而在区域性盖层内部形成一系列泄压通道, 原生气藏泄漏而形成的.形成过程主要经历了下部高温高压原生气藏的形成、原生气藏泄压与次生气藏的形成、次生气藏的长时间调整3个阶段.