岩溶区隧道暗河的综合预报及治理方案研究

为确保岩溶区隧道施工安全,利用综合预报分析方法可准确地对地质异常体进行预测,可明显减少发生灾害的可能性。以大广南高速公路紫荆山隧道为工程背景,通过地质分析研究了紫荆山隧道的岩溶发育特征,利用TSP（隧道地震预测）超前地质预报方法对ZK221+960处暗河位置进行了准确预报,并利用地质雷达对暗河的走向进行了短距离探测,探测结果与实际揭露走向基本吻合。针对紫荆山暗河,分析了各种暗河处治措施优缺点,最终制定了泄水洞方案。在保证隧道施工安全和工期的前提下,对泄水洞方案进行了优化处理,优化后的处理方案在紫荆山暗河治理中取得了较好的效果,其结果对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

塔里木盆地区域沙尘气溶胶特征分析

沙尘天气是塔里木盆地地区常见的天气现象，对大气沙尘气溶胶的分析表明，沙尘暴期间，沙尘气溶胶浓度远大于非尘暴期间。由于两地地理环境的差异，沙尘暴期间，策勒站细颗粒质量百分比呈下降趋势；阿克苏站细颗粒质量百分比呈上升趋势。说明尘暴期间由于当地沙尘源丰富，细粒物质较多，当风速达到起沙风速时，细粒物质迅速被携带到高空，成为沙尘气溶胶的主要来源。阿克苏站大气气溶胶中Al等元素在不同高度的谱分布呈单峰型，浓度最大值出现在4.7-7.0μm范围内，说明当地大气气溶胶颗粒主要来源于地表沙源。富集因子分析表明，阿克苏站和策勒站沙尘暴和扬尘天气的各地壳元素含量均高于浮尘和背景大气，而且能见度愈小，高出的比例愈大；各种沙尘天气发生时，均以亲地元素的浓度为最高。     

沙尘源区LST/Albedo时序变化与TSP的对比分析——以2001年春季中国北方强沙尘过程为例

20 0 1年春季 ,中国北方多次受到沙尘天气的影响 ,给人们的生产、生活带来严重的威胁 ,引起了亚洲国家的广泛重视。利用卫星监测数据采集沙尘云图变化、运移路径、地表覆盖和沙尘过程中的地面反照率、温度、湿度、粗糙度等物理参数反演实验结果 ,可以弥补地面观测站点稀少、数据不连续的缺陷。本文以 2 0 0 1年 3月到 5月的几次沙尘天气为例 ,介绍基于地表覆盖的AVHRR的LST/Albedo反演结果与TSP (沙尘干量 )对比分析 ,发现它们具有较好的相关性。从而反映了沙尘暴发生前后地表能量的变化状况 ,能为预测预警沙尘天气的危害提供及时客观的空间信息。     

Characterization of the proteinaceous matter in marine aerosols

Marine aerosols play a dominant role in the transfer of oceanic material to the atmosphere. Most marine aerosol originates when air bubbles burst at the sea surface ejecting material from the sea surface microlayer and bubble surface layers into the air. Concentrations of chemical compounds in these surface layers often differ from their concentrations in bulk water. We examined the enrichment of aerosols with proteinaceous matter and attempted to characterize the physical nature and sources of this matter. We measured concentrations of dissolved free (DFAA), dissolved combined (DCAA), and particulate (PAA) amino acids, transparent stainable particles (TSP), and bacteria and virus-like particles as carriers of protein, in natural and simulated aerosols. We also evaluated D/L ratios certain amino acids in all amino acid fractions.DFAA and DCAA enriched the aerosols we sampled by 1.2–20 times compared to bulk seawater; PAA enrichment was usually higher (up to 50-fold). Aerosols contained particles typical of seawater, e.g., microorganisms, organic debris, inorganic particles with adsorbed organic matter, but also a large number of semitransparent gel-like particles, which all contained amino acids. Some of these particles were probably scavenged from bulk water, but new particles produced as bubbles burst at the surface comprised at least 10% of total proteinaceous matter in the aerosol. D/L ratios of certain amino acid suggested that the particles were most likely made from dissolved polymers secreted by phytoplankton that were concentrated on bubble surfaces and in the microlayer. Examination with Alcian Blue (a dye that targets carbohydrates) and Coomassie Blue (a dye that targets proteins) showed that most TSP in the aerosols contained both proteins and polysaccharides. Microorganisms enriched the aerosols by up to two orders of magnitude, but contributed less than 4% to the total protein pool.     

TSP在软、硬岩地层中的应用效果分析

介绍了TSP超前预报系统实现预报的基本原理.从基本原理出发分析了TSP对不同岩性地层的适应性问题;通过实例分析了TSP在不同地层中的顸测效果.结果表明当围岩中没有大的不良地质体时,TSP在软岩中的预测效果较差,而在硬岩中预测效果好.     

TSP法在石柱槽隧道地质超前预报应用中的几点认识

简要介绍了隧道施工常见灾害及地质超前预报重点,通过工程实例,对TSP法的应用效果及相关技术问题提出了自己的认识。     

TSP超前地质预报探测技术及其应用现状

隧道工程的地质条件复杂多变,为了保证隧道施工安全和高效,超前地质预报探测就显得十分重要和必要。TSP是瑞士Amberg测量技术公司专门为隧道施工地质超前预报而设计的一套超前地质预报系统。与其他预报方法相比,该探测技术系统从数据采集、处理和成果解释等方面都具有一定的优势。本文从TSP原理、功能特点、技术发展、存在问题等方面对TSP作了系统阐述。并对TSP探测技术作了简要的总结,从而推广TSP在隧道施工中的应用。     

贵阳市大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中水溶性无机离子的化学特性及季节变化特征

2005年1月到12月,在贵阳市区采集TSP样品,分析了其主要水溶性无机离子的化学性质及其季节变化规律。结果显示,TSP浓度年均值为106.60μg／m^3;各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为：SO4^2-＞NH4^＋＞Ca^2＋＞NO3^-＞K^＋＞Na^＋＞C^-＞Mg^2＋＞F^-。TSP及其组分存在明显的季节变化,TSP、Cl^-、SO4^2-、NO3^-、NH4^＋、K^＋、Na^＋、Ca^＋和Mg^2＋浓度的冬／夏比值分别为1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02。影响TSP、Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋和F^＋的气象参数主要是相对湿度和风速,影响SO4^2-、NO3^-、NH4^＋,和Cl^-的是温度。TSP大多呈微酸性,可能是高含量的SO4^2-所致。NH4^＋与SO4^2-的相关性最好（R为0.85）,NH^＋与SO4^2-的摩尔比值为0.8,说明NH4^＋主要以（NH4）2SO4的形式存在。     

兰州西固区TSP污染的预测及烟尘排放总量控制研究

以复杂地形上的平流扩散模式和高斯扩散模式相结合，首先预测了由于污染源排放量的变化所引起的２０００年兰州西固区ＴＳＰ污染状况的变化。然后提出了以Ａ－Ｐ限制为基础的区域总体优化的总量控制方案，计算了兰州西固区烟尘的基础、平权、优化三种允许排放量及相应的削减量。其结果可为兰州西固区ＴＳＰ污染的控制和治理提供理论上的依据和参考     

Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in a two-week campaign at Ny-Alesund

The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)in total suspended particle (TSP) were investigated at Ny-(A)lesund, Svalbard in a two-week campaign. The levels of OC and EC are 0.86 ±0.27 μgm-3 (mean±standard deviation) and 0. 19±0.10 μgm-3 , respectively. Back trajectory analysis of air masses arriving at Ny-(A)lesund reveals that long-range transport of polluted air play insignificant role in OC and EC levels, to which the potential influence of the local contamination were ascribed. The average OC/EC ratio is 5.41,suggesting the presence of the secondary organic aerosols. The estimated secondary organic carbon (SOC) in TSP is 0.59 μg/m3 , accounting for 64% of the total organic carbon.