The influence of land surface changes on regional climate in Northwest China

Land surface changes effect the regional climate due to the complex coupling of land-atmosphere interactions. From 1995 to 2000, a decrease in the vegetation density and an increase in ground-level thermodynamic activity has been documented by multiple data sources in Northwest China, including meteorological, reanalysis from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration＇s （NOAA） Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） and TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder （TOVS） satellite remote sensing data. As the ground-level thermodynamic activity increases, humid air from the surrounding regions converge toward desert （and semi-desert） regions, causing areas with high vegetation cover to become gradually more arid. Furthermore, land surface changes in Northwest China are responsible for a decrease in total cloud cover, a decline in the fraction of low and middle clouds, an increase in high cloud cover （due to thermodynamic activity） and other regional climatic adaptations. It is proposed that, beginning in 1995, these cloud cover changes contributed to a ＂green- house＂ effect, leading to the rapid air temperature increases and other regional climate impacts that have been observed over Northwest China.     

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE SIMULATED DATA OF TOVS HIRS BY RTTOV5 MODEL*

The sounding data of meteorological satellites provide not only the real time weather information about the distribution of both cloud and rainfall,but also some others about the movement and state of atmosphere.They are important variables and parameters for NWP model used to simulate and predict atmospheric state.In order to introduce remote sensing information from satellites into NWP model,there is an efficient way of establishing an RT model by use of the atmosphere radiation sounding data of meteorological satellites to get the variables and parameters valuable to NWP model.In this paper,we set up profiles of air temperature and water vapor from the surface to upper (0.1 hPa) using the radiosounding data and the surface data from May to August 1998 atmosphere East Asia.A TOVS RT model (RTTOV5) is provided to compute the value of radiation value of HIRS channels in NOAA14.Then the radiation values of 19 HIRS channels are gotten.After matching these data computed by the RT model and the corresponding values coming from satellite sounding in time,the statistic distribution of bias between tile model output and the satellite sounding at each sounding channel can be gotten.At the same time.the distribution of RMS to every TOVS HIRS channel,the standard biases to different scanning angle to each channel are also obtained.     

南极春季臭氧的TOVS反演及其与BREWER观测的比较

通过改进臭氧的统计反演算法，从NOAA卫星的TOVS资料中提取了1993年南极臭氧洞期间中山站上空大气臭氧含量的资料。本文的结果与NOAA的TOVS臭氧产品以及中山站的Brewer观测进行了比较。尽管3种资料对在臭氧洞期间臭氧含量的显著减少这一特征上相当一致，但此项结果相对于Brewer观测，其均方根误差29 DU，优于NOAA的业务反演产品。此外，还初步讨论了这两种反演的误差特征。     

一种新的TOVS大气湿度反演方法及试验

利用国家气象中心的数值天气预报（NWP）6 h预报场。作为同步物理反演模式初估场，由气象卫星垂直探测（TOVS）资料推导出大气湿度，并给出了试验结果。结果表明，TOVS湿度反演的相对误差（RMS）约为20%。其中，夏季反演结果略优于冬季，而且低层（1000 hPa）和高层（500 hPa以上）与初估场相比有较大的改进，中层（850，700 hPa）二者大致相当。与统计回归反演结果相比其精度约提高10%。该研究为在我国建立“卫星反演/数据同化/数值预报”相互影响的循环系统奠定了基础