广东近岸海域表层水中^90Sr和^137Cs的分布

本文提供了1989～1991年广东近岸表层水中~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs含量的分析结果。在调查海区,~(90)Sr含量为2.31～3.75mBq/L,平均值为3.21±0.45mBq/L。~(137)Cs含量为2.10～4.49mBq/L,平均值为3.47±0.89mBq/L。~(137)Cs/~(90)Sr放射性的比值为0.63～1.69,平均值为1.11±0.35。调查结果表明,近三年来未发现广东近岸海域有明显的人工放射性污染。目前广东近岸海水中的~(90)Sr和~(137)Cs主要仍是以往核试验所产生的放射性落下灰残余。     

养殖斑节对虾体长与体重的关系

通过回归分析,得出养殖斑节对虾Penaeus monodon Fabricius体长(L)与体重(W)的关系为W=aL~b。根据此公式,计算得出体长和体重换算表,这在养殖生产中有现实意义。     

直立椭圆柱体重力场的谱分析及其应用

利用傅里叶积分变换法导出了埋藏的直立椭圆柱体的重力场在频率域中的解析公式，依此得了确定此直立椭圆柱体尺寸的公式，提出依据这些重力公式来计算侵入大洋地壳中的地幔柱的尺寸和洋壳厚度的方法。     

Analysis of influencing factors on fine sediment flocculation in the Changjiang Estuary

Based on the test data in dynamic water and static water, the main factors, which influence the fine sediment flocculation, are analyzed with a gray model method of correlation theory. It is shown that the main influencing factors are water temperature, settling time, salinity, grain size, sediment concentration and current velocity according to the correlation coefficients. Among them, the salinity and the sediment grain size are critical type influencing factors (CrTIF); the settling time, the sediment concentration and the velocity are continuous type influencing factors (CoTIF); and the water temperature has the characteristics of both. When the critical values of CrTIF are reached or exceeded, the fine sediments will be flocculated, but values of CrTIF will not influence the settlement strength of floes. The influence of CoTIF is continuous. The values of the CoTIF will not only influence the occurrence of flocculation but also the settlement strength of the floes.     

Probabilistic analyses of soil consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains for single‐drain and multi‐drain systems

Natural soils are one of the most inherently variables in the ground. Although the significance of inherent soil variability in relation to reliable predictions of consolidation rates of soil deposits has long been realized, there have been few studies that addressed the issue of soil variability for the problem of ground improvement by prefabricated vertical drains. Despite showing valuable insights into the impact of soil spatial variability on soil consolidation by prefabricated vertical drains, available stochastic works on this subject are based on a single‐drain (or unit cell) analyses. However, how the idealized unit cell solution can be a supplement to the complex multi‐drain systems for spatially variable soils has never been addressed in the literature. In this study, a rigorous stochastic finite elements modeling approach that allows the true nature of soil spatial variability to be considered in a reliable and quantifiable manner, both for the single‐drain and multi‐drain systems, is presented. The feasibility of performing an analysis based on the unit cell concept as compared with the multi‐drain analysis is assessed in a probabilistic context. It is shown that with proper input statistics representative of a particular domain of interest, both the single‐drain and multi‐drain analyses yield almost identical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Reaction progress in chloritic material: an electron microbeam study of the Taveyanne greywacke, Switzerland

Chlorite and associated minerals from the volcanogenic Taveyanne metasediment of the western Helvetic nappes, Switzerland, were investigated by electron microprobe (EMP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to determine their textural and chemical evolution during low-temperature metamorphism. EMP analyses of chloritic material from sub-greenschist facies outcrops show a decrease of Si and Σ(Ca, Na, K) with increasing metamorphic grade. A number of conclusions may be drawn from combined TEM images and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) data. 1 In diagenetic-grade samples, chlorite crystals (observed maximum defect-free distance=80 nm) always contain some 1 nm layers (with a maximum of 29% of all layers) and less frequently some 0.7 nm berthierine-like layers. With increasing grade, the amounts of 1 and 0.7 nm layers decrease, and most chlorite from the epizone is structurally pure or contains less than 2% of 1 nm layers. 2 A positive correlation was found between the amount of 1 nm layers and the Ca+K+Na content, indicating that the 1 nm layers are saponite. 3 Observations and calculations suggest that the transformation reaction of saponite to chlorite takes place by the replacement of the interlayer cations in saponite by brucite-like layers resulting in a local volume decrease. In contrast, the destruction of berthierine has only minor influence on the local bulk volume. These results confirm recent studies which show that the change in composition measured by EMP of diagenetic-grade chloritic material are mainly the result of mixtures of chlorite and saponite. The use of chlorite ‘geothermometry’ in such systems is greatly influenced by the presence of saponite and hence is not based on reaction equilibria, even though temperatures calculated in this study agree with temperatures derived from other methods. Therefore, chlorite evolution should be treated as a kinetically controlled grade indicator and developed as a qualitative scale similar to the illite crystallinity index.     

扬州市建设工程规划竣工测绘探讨

根据扬州市规划竣工测绘的实际情况,结合笔者长期从事城市建设工程竣工测量的实践,阐述了城市建筑工程规划竣工测绘的主要内容、实施要求及质量控制措施,对相关从业人员具有很好的参考价值。     

CORS—RTK和全站仪在房屋竣工测量中的应用

随着GPS技术的飞速前进,利用网络RTK技术建立的连续运行卫星定位系统已成为GPS应用的发展热点之一。本文介绍了CORS系统的特点,叙述了CORS-RTK与全站仪在房屋竣工测量中的应用,结合实例通过对比分析,说明了与常规竣工测量方法相比,运用CORS-RTK和全站仪进行测量可以起到事半功倍的作用。     

三维激光扫描仪在道路竣工测量中的应用

三维激光扫描仪在道路竣工测量中的应用相对于常规作业方式极大地提高了作业效率,降低了外业劳动量和劳动强度。由于三维激光扫描仪能够迅速采集大量的点云数据,实景再现了测区的地形地势,相对于传统的作业方法具有无法比拟的优势。全文概略介绍了三维激光扫描技术的工作原理,详细介绍了三维激光扫描技术在道路竣工测量中的内外业作业方法,同时进行了多方面的精度检验,为三维激光扫描技术在其他相关工程中应用的提供了很好的借鉴作用。