高温高压实验及原位测量技术

文中简述了高温高压实验技术及其发展现状,主要涉及高温高压实验装置及高温高压原位实验测量技术两方面内容。重点介绍了:(1)金刚石压腔、大体积压力机、高压釜等静态高压实验技术和动高压实验技术及其特征;(2)拉曼、红外、X-射线衍射及同步辐射等高温高压原位谱学研究;(3)超声波、布利渊散射、核共振非弹性X-射线散射等高压物质弹性波速原位测量技术研究现状及其进展;(4)金刚石压腔、大压力机中高温高压电导率的原位测量技术研究现状及其进展。     

水泥粉喷桩在软基中的应用

简要阐述了水泥粉喷桩设计要求、施工工艺、效果检测,对地基承载力的影响,具有广阔的应用前景。     

浅谈GPS建立精密工程控制网、广播星历误差对相对定位精度的影响

通过某厂二种常规方法获得的成果与GPS网分别用广播星历（随机商用软件）、精密星历（精密软件）处理采集数据获得成果对比,研究GPS定位技术建立精密控制网和广播星历（随机软件）误差对相对定位精度的影响。     

地学信息体视化中3维交互技术的研究与实现

地学信息的3维可视化是当前地球信息科学研究的热点之一.体视化技术主要研究包含物体内部信息的体数据的表示、变换、操作和显示等,是实现地学信息3维可视化的理想技术与手段.主要研究地学信息体视化中3维交互技术的理论、技术与方法,并采用面向对象的程序开发语言VC 6.0和3维可视化开发工具包VTK(The Visualization Toolkit)来实现这些算法,开发体视化3维交互功能控件.     

石漠化景观格局对土地利用时空演变的响应

土地利用是人类活动最直接的表现形式,喀斯特地区的石漠化演化与土地利用变化有密切关系,石漠化治理是在人为干预下加快恢复脆弱的喀斯特生态系统.运用3S技术和景观格局空间分析技术相结合的手段,对石漠化综合治理下,紫云县水塘小流域的土地利用及石漠化景观格局时空演变关系进行了探讨.结果表明:1.2004-2010年间水塘小流域土地利用类型以林地及草地变化较多,其他地类变动较少,其中林地面积增加10％,草地面积增加5％;2.2004-2010年间水塘小流域石漠化变化主要类型为,中度石漠化转轻度石漠化面积5％,轻度石漠化转潜在石漠化面积10％;3.2004-2010年间水塘小流域土地利用和石漠化景观格局,多样性指数各提高了0.3和0.12,破碎度指数各减少了0.138和0.16,优势度指数各降低了0.181和0.126,均匀度指数各提高了0.092和0.209,分维度指数各提高了0.02和0.18.研究发现运用土地利用与石漠化转移矩阵与景观格局相结合的分析方法,可为评价石漠化治理成效提供借鉴意义.     

利用海底电缆探测太平洋地区地幔结构的研究进展

介绍了地幔电性结构、地幔温度、地幔含水量等参数对地球动力学和地幔动力学过程的重要科学意义,综述了近年来利用海底电缆在该领域的主要研究进展.本文首先介绍了日本利用海底电缆探测地幔深部结构的方法原理与发展历程,然后阐述了该方法的观测方式、观测系统与仪器,综述了国际上近年来利用海底电缆在环太平洋地区海底的观测资料进行地幔一维电导率结构、三维电导率分布的研究进展.基于海底电缆的观测数据进行反演的结果表明,太平洋海域地区地球深部存在410 km,660 km的电导率不连续面,此不连续面与地震资料的波速不连续面基本一致,为地幔不连续面提供了新的地球物理证据.在根据由海底电缆观测数据反演得到的太平洋地区地球内部电导率分布基础上,综述了综合深部地震波速、岩石高温高压实验等,将电导率的分布转换为地球内部的温度场分布、推导地幔过渡带水的浓度进而转换为地幔过渡带的含水百分比(含水量)的方法技术与研究进展.研究结果表明,夏威夷和北日本海地幔过渡带电导率异常主要受温度控制,菲律宾海域地幔过渡带的电导率异常除了和温度有关外,还受含水量影响,该处地幔过渡带的含水量大约在1％左右.这些研究表明,海底电缆探测方法,在地球深部探测尤其是地幔不连续面的探测、地幔温度场分布与特征、地幔含水量等方面有重要的作用.最后,展望了海底电缆探测方法的研究与发展,这些研究方法及成果对认识中国海域地球内部机构提供一定的参考.     

青海门源地震台爆破干扰的分析与甄别

随着我国经济建设的发展,很多地震台站的观测环境受到各种工程施工的破坏,给测震观测带来干扰。对门源地震台爆破干扰进行了系统分析,确定观测环境的干扰源,并对干扰源的特征做以甄别,研究结果有助于评估门源地震台测震背景干扰的严重程度。     

Verification and validation of a seismic response analysis code for framed structures using the ASI‐Gauss technique

In this report, the capabilities of the adaptively shifted integration (ASI)‐Gauss code in the analysis of the seismic responses of framed structures are verified and validated by comparing the results with detailed numerical simulations performed by the parallel finite element analysis code, E‐Simulator, and with experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. The numerical results obtained by both codes showed good agreement with the experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. Furthermore, seismic waves with unnaturally large magnitudes are applied to a high‐rise building model to demonstrate the ability of the ASI‐Gauss code to analyze the collapse behaviors of building frames. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inocula Might Be A Promising Method in the Restoration of Severely Degraded Wetlands

The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula in severely degraded wetlands could ensure success in restoration.Mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in plant individual’s survival and development in a low nutrient condition.Based on the importance that mycorrhizal fungi have to their host plants,mycorrhizal inocula have been produced and applied in terrestrial ecosystems in order to let the plants become mycorrhizal.However,mycorrhizal inocula have not been used in wetland restorations,despite increasing evidence that mycorrhizal fungi are commonly found in various wetland systems and have the ability to survive under anoxic conditions.Evidence also shows that mycorrhizal fungal inocula in the soil could have been destroyed in the degraded wetland or could be destroyed during traditional wetland restoration process.Therefore,AM inocula production is strongly recommended for wetland restoration.In this paper,I will argue that AM inocula production is required when introduced recovery is necessary,and aeroponic culture technique is a preferable method to produce AM inocula.Last,a renewed wetland restoration flow chart is summarized.     

Two-dimensional imaging of soil–bedrock interface by short-array beamforming technique

The depth to soil–bedrock interface, which is one of the major parameters in the site response analysis, has been often investigated by surface-wave tests. The round-robin tests for a surface-wave method in Korea revealed that a long measurement array in surface-wave tests is not appropriate in locating soil–bedrock interface. In this paper, for the improved profiling of depth to soil–bedrock interface in 2-D image, short measurement array was introduced for the beamforming technique, which is a robust array processing technique adopted in a long-array format for stiffness profiling. Numerical simulation and field applications of the short-array beamforming technique indicate that the method is valid even for surface wave propagation with mode-related complexity. Depth to soil–bedrock interface and shear-wave velocity profiles determined by the short-array beamforming technique were in good agreement with layer stratifications of boring logs, resistivity map, shear-wave velocity profiles of downhole tests and CAP-SASW tests.