两次华南飑线卫星亮温特征与强对流天气分析

利用Himawari-8高时空分辨率红外亮温资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料,对比冷锋型和暖区型飑线个例("4·13"和"5·6")亮温特征与雷暴大风、地面强降水的关系,结果表明:(1)两次过程的云顶最低亮温、冷云区平均亮温差异小,但两次过程初生阶段云型不同,"4·13"与"5·6"相比,冷云顶面积较小、持续时间较短、移动速度较快;(2)"4·13"("5·6")的亮温梯度大值区主要位于冷云区东南侧(西南侧),与云团移动方向平行(垂直);两次过程雷暴大风与亮温梯度均具有较好的空间对应关系,亮温梯度增大超前于雷暴大风增强,可作为提前预警指标;(3)"4·13"地面强降水集中分布在低亮温区西侧,原因为风暴顶前移导致强降水与冷云区具有空间位置差异;"5·6"地面强降水则与云顶低亮温具有较好的对应关系。     

2017年“海棠”台风影响辽宁不同区域极端暴雨成因分析

利用常规观测、NCEP FNL、葵花8号卫星、GNSS反演大气可降水量、智能网格实况产品等资料,分析2017年“海棠”台风造成辽宁西部朝阳地区和东南部岫岩县的极端暴雨成因。结果表明：辽宁西部和东南半岛均出现区域性的极端特大暴雨,岫岩县小时雨强更大,最大雨强达到113 mm·h^-1,对流性降水特征明显。两个区域暴雨过程均受到热带、副热带、西风带系统共同作用,狭长型“海棠”台风沿着副热带高压西侧逐渐北上,并且与西风带短波槽相互作用,导致辽宁西部出现强降水,随后加强的涡旋系统后侧干冷空气与低空暖湿水汽输送带相互作用,导致岫岩县出现极端暴雨过程。热带台风“奥鹿”对副热带高压南落东退起到阻挡作用。两个区域均具有来自于南海的水汽通道,另外东南半岛也受到了“奥鹿”台风北侧水汽输送的影响。朝阳市和岫岩县大气可降水量值长时间接近65 mm和70 mm,异常指数最高达到3.0和2.5,表明此次暴雨水汽条件的极端性。辽宁西部降水期间动力不稳定更强,辐合层由地面伸展到500 hPa,而东南半岛降水期间上干下湿的水汽分布以及更强的冷暖空气交汇,有利于产生对流性降水。两个区域均受到多个中尺度云团的共同影响,朝阳地区初期降水由中γ尺度辐合线触发,后期台风在北上过程中与高空槽后部的干冷空气相互作用,形成的暖锋云系以及冷锋云系导致朝阳地区出现持续性强降水;加强的涡旋后部干空气侵入到暖湿水汽输送带中,配合岫岩县山区地面辐合线稳定不动,不断有积云触发并且直接影响岫岩县,导致岫岩县产生极端对流性暴雨。     

世界各国静止气象卫星发展综述

首先阐述了美国、欧洲气象卫星组织(EUMETSAT)、日本静止气象卫星的发展历史,从自旋稳定到三轴稳定,从单一载荷到多载荷并行工作,新一代的静止气象卫星的时间、空间和光谱分辨率都大幅提高,然后重点介绍了我国静止气象卫星风云二号和风云四号,相比于自旋稳定的风云二号气象卫星,风云四号卫星的功能和性能实现了跨越式的发展,接着简单介绍了俄罗斯、印度和韩国等其他国家静止气象卫星的发展状况,最后总结了不同时期各国静止气象卫星的发展特点,这对我国后续静止气象卫星的规划和研制有重要参考意义。     

干、湿环境下中尺度对流系统发生的环流背景和地面特征分析

对2007～2010 年暖季(6～9 月)发生在江淮和黄淮流域46 个对流天气过程的环流背景和地面特征进行了统计研究。根据整层可降水量小于或大于等于50 mm 将这些个例发生的环境分成干环境(10 个个例)和湿环境(36 个个例)。干环境下发生强对流的天气形势可以分为槽后型和副高边缘型,湿环境下的天气形势可分为槽前型、副高边缘型和槽后型,湿环境下有明显的暖湿区配合。湿环境下槽前型发生的概率最高,地面系统较为复杂,有静止锋、倒槽、冷锋和暖锋,而干环境下在本研究的个例中无槽前型发生。干、湿环境下副高边缘型的对流,从地面到500 hPa 都发生在副高后部的“S”流型的拐弯处,但部分湿环境个例低层有切变线。干环境下槽后型的发生概率较高,而湿环境下发生概率则相对较少。由这些研究表明,干、湿环境下强对流系统的触发和维持机制存在明显的差异。     

On the Multiplicity of the O-Star Cyg OB2 #8a and its Contribution to the γ-ray Source 3EG J2033+4118

We present the results of an intensive spectroscopic campaign in the optical waveband revealing that Cyg OB2 #8A is an O6+O5.5 binary system with a period of about 21.9 days. Cyg OB2 #8A is a bright X-ray source, as well as a non-thermal radio emitter. We discuss the binarity of this star in the framework of a campaign devoted to the study of non-thermal emitters, from the radio waveband to γ-rays. In this context, we attribute the non-thermal radio emission from this star to a population of relativistic electrons, accelerated by the shock of the wind-wind collision. These relativistic electrons could also be responsible for a putative γ-ray emission through inverse Compton scattering of photospheric UV photons, thus contributing to the yet unidentified EGRET source 3EG J2033+4118. Based partly on data Obtained at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, France.     

Imaging Borrelly

The nucleus, coma, and dust jets of short-period Comet 19P/Borrelly were imaged from the Deep Space 1 spacecraft during its close flyby in September 2001. A prominent jet dominated the near-nucleus coma and emanated roughly normal to the long axis of nucleus from a broad central cavity. We show it to have remained fixed in position for more than 34 hr, much longer than the 26-hr rotation period. This confirms earlier suggestions that it is co-aligned with the rotation axis. From a combination of fitting the nucleus light curve from approach images and the nucleus' orientation from stereo images at encounter, we conclude that the sense of rotation is right-handed around the main jet vector. The inferred rotation pole is approximately perpendicular to the long axis of the nucleus, consistent with a simple rotational state. Lacking an existing IAU comet-specific convention but applying a convention provisionally adopted for asteroids, we label this the north pole. This places the sub-solar latitude at ∼60° N at the time of the perihelion with the north pole in constant sunlight and thus receiving maximum average insolation.     

四川旱涝震灾害的人工神经网络外推预测

选取旱、涝、震灾害之间的一步转移概率作为Ｂ－Ｐ人工神经网络训练样本的输入信息，建立了四川旱、涝、震的人工神经网络灾型预测模型。Ｂ－Ｐ网络模型应用于实例预测结果与用主分量分析法的趋势预测结果精度接近。     

Orbital Elements of 2004 Perseid Meteoroids Perturbed by Jupiter

Jupiter and Saturn produce important gravitational impulses on meteoroids released by comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. The meteoroids from this comet once released follow retrograde orbits that during their periodic approaches to these planets (within 1.6 and 0.9 A.U., respectively) are impulsed gaining orbital energy. This perturbation effect is translated into a net inward shift in the node of the perturbed meteoroids. Such geometry with Jupiter occurred in 2004 over a meteoroid trail ejected by this comet during the 1862 A.D. return of the comet to perihelion. In order to study the predicted outburst produced by one-revolution meteoroids, the Spanish Photographic Meteor Network (SPMN) performed an extensive campaign. As a part of this observational effort here are presented 10 accurate meteoroid orbits. We discuss their origin by comparing them with the theoretical orbital elements of the dust trails intercepting the Earth during the 2004 Perseid return.