准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化及其与油气成藏的关系

准噶尔盆地西北缘油气资源丰富,但地质结构及演化十分复杂,长期以来一直存在较大争议。本文基于最新勘探进展及区域研究资料,重新梳理了该区的构造变形特征和叠合演化过程,探讨了构造演化与油气成藏的关系。研究认为,准噶尔盆地西北缘具有"东西分带、南北分段、上下分层"的构造特征,二叠纪以来先后经历了早二叠世后造山伸展、中—晚二叠世强烈挤压逆冲、三叠纪继承性逆冲叠加、侏罗纪—白垩纪整体振荡升降和新生代陆内前陆等五大构造阶段,总体上三叠纪前构造活动强烈,三叠纪之后构造趋于稳定。不同地区构造演化过程具有差异性,自北向南3种垂向叠加演化方式形成3类复式地质结构:哈山地区属于"推覆-超剥型",克拉玛依地区属于"逆掩-超剥型",车排子地区属于"冲断-超剥型"。构造演化与油气成藏关系密切,一是不同的叠加演化方式决定了不同的地质结构类型,进而控制不同的源、圈、输导体系等成藏要素及其空间配置关系;二是多期构造活动导致多个成藏期,形成了多种油气成藏模式。准噶尔盆地西北缘经历了多次逆冲抬升,是油气长期指向区,复杂的构造演化导致其具有多源供烃、多期成藏、立体含油的特点。     

岩溶致塌中的多力场祸合模式研究

根据实际中岩溶塌陷发生的地质条件,分析了岩溶塌陷中存在的致塌力场,并提出了在不同地质及水文地质条件下诸力益加的不同辆合模式。对不同辐合模式下的藕合规律及数学模型表达进行了研究和探讨,提出了岩溶致塌中的释放系数问题。     

Coastal currents caused by superposition of coastal-trapped waves and near-inertial oscillations observed near the Noto Peninsula, Japan

Current observations were made from 14 July 2006 to 31 March 2007, using an acoustic Doppler current profiler mounted on the seafloor near the eastern coast of the Noto Peninsula, Japan, to investigate strong coastal currents induced by large-amplitude coastal-trapped waves (CTWs) and near-inertial fluctuations (NIFs). The CTWs were generated by the winter monsoon and the passage of a typhoon during the observation period. Two types of strong currents with velocities higher than 50 cm s^-1 were observed. One type, the strong current in winter (SCW), had the coast on the left to its direction of flow. This current was observed after a strengthening of the winter monsoon in January 2007. The other type, the strong current in fall (SCF), had the coast on the right to its direction of flow and was observed after the passage of a typhoon in September 2006. The SCW was inferred to be formed mainly by low-mode CTWs without NIFs. Compared to the SCW, the SCF had a more complicated vertical structure and time variations. The SCF was inferred to be generated by low-mode CTWs strengthened by NIFs. The contributions of NIFs to the strong coastal currents became important when the wind stress direction was rotating clockwise.     

Relationship Between Pb-Zn and Au-Ag Mineralization of Kengdenongshe Polymetallic Deposit in Eastern Segment of the Eastern KunlunEI北大核心CSCD

The Kengdenongshe deposit is a newly discovered large Au-Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit in the eastern Kunlun metallogenic belt, and the genetic relationship between Pb-Zn-rich ore bodies and Au-rich ore bodies in this deposit is controversial. Therefore, comparative studies of mineralization, alteration, and fluid inclusions in the two types of ore bodies were carried out with the statistical analysis of the correlation among ore-forming elements of Au, Ag, Pb and Zn. The results show that, from north to south, the mineralization changes gradually from Pb-Zn-rich to Au-rich with the wall-rock alteration from silicification-epidotization to baritization-marbleization-silicification. In addition, the structures of Pb-Zn-rich ores indicate a hydrothermal sedimentary origin with the late hydrothermal superposition, while those of Au-rich ores show features of hydrothermal origin. Besides, based on the study of fluid inclusions in this mining area, the ore-forming fluid of Pb-Zn-rich ores is low temperature (focus on 150-170°C) and low-medium salinity (1.74%-10.24% NaCleqv), while that of Au-rich ores displays low-medium temperature (manily 130-250°C) with low-medium salinity (0.35%-10.24% NaCleqv). Pb-Zn and Au-Ag show positive correlation (correlation coefficient r>0.25), but Au is poorly correlated with Pb and Zn (correlation coefficient r<0.15). However, to due to the late stage hydrothermal superimposition, Au is rather well correlated with Pb in high grade ores. In summary, there may exist two epochs of mineralization in the Kengdenongshe polymetallic deposit. The early one is Pb-Zn mineralization stage with characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentary origin, and the ore-forming fluid may be derived from the mixture of magmatic water and seawater. While the later one is Au mineralization stage, having characteristics of hydrothermal origin with subsequent hydrothermal superimpositions, and the ore-forming fluid is mainly derived from magmatic water that mixed with meteoric water. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

增长模叠加方式及其对集合预报初始扰动的影响

用增长模繁殖法(BGM)有效地构造集合预报初始扰动的一个前提是, 任两个扰动之间应尽可能的发散.本文从增长模发展和饱和的角度分析了增长模叠加方式与集合预报初始扰动"取样性"的关系, 无论是从扰动形势演变得出的定性结论还是定量计算的结果都显示: 在相同初始模的情况下, 通过改变扰动叠加方式分别构造多个扰动样本的做法是近似等效的.用这种方法增加的集合样本从"取样性"的角度来看是没有多大意义的, 更多的是在浪费有限的计算资源.构造多个初值的有效方法应该是从不同初始模出发进行增长模的繁殖.     

高分辨率阵列侧向测井的数学模型及有限元快速正演

对包含井眼、侵入带、围岩和目的层的轴对称地层模型, 推导了无穷远截断边界上的Robin边界条件, 建立了高分辨率阵列侧向测井的等值面边值问题模型. Robin边界条件较Dirichlet边界条件更加精确, 可大大缩小求解区域而不影响计算精度. 考虑到微分方程和边界条件为线性的, 利用叠加原理简化了原微分方程边值问题的计算, 克服了事先屏蔽电极上电流的不确定性. 采用基于地址矩阵的稀疏存贮模式, 大大减小了内存需求, 且地址矩阵物理意义明确, 方便迭代法调用求解有限元方程. 引入预条件共轭梯度(PCG)法求解有限元计算形成的大型线性方程组, 提高了测井响应的计算速度. 利用本文方法定量考察了地层厚度、井径、侵入带等因素对阵列侧向测井响应的影响, 为后续阵列侧向测井反演的研究奠定了基础, 对实际测井工程具有一定的指导意义.     

鄂东矿集区矽卡岩型铁矿的叠加富集机制:来自磁铁矿结构和矿石品位数据的制约

矽卡岩型铁矿是我国重要的铁矿类型之一,但该类型铁矿床的品位存在两极分化的现象。本文对鄂东矿集区内典型的矽卡岩型铁矿:大冶铁铜矿、程潮铁矿和金山店铁矿开展详细的磁铁矿显微结构对比,并利用概率图解法对这三个矿床的矿石品位数据进行了筛分。发现在大冶铁铜矿和程潮铁矿中的磁铁矿至少有两个世代,发育明显的叠加结构,且叠加结构在光学显微镜和背散射电子照片中可以识别出来;金山店铁矿中局部矿石也发育叠加结构。这些矿床中代表性勘探线的钻孔品位数据的累积频率曲线具有由低值(TFe 18. 04%～33. 03%)和高值(TFe 48. 97%～55. 63%)两个非相交总体所形成的混合分布模式,剔除低品位数据(TFe 20%)再次筛分其分布模式不变,但单一总体的参数有所改变。磁铁矿结构和品位数据筛分结果表明,这些矿床可能是两个或多个期次/阶段成矿作用叠加的结果,但不同矿床的叠加程度略有区别,大冶和程潮铁矿叠加程度较高,而金山店则相对较弱,这可能是导致大冶和程潮矿床整体为富铁矿而金山店铁矿只有局部是富铁矿的重要原因。因此,叠加富集可能是矽卡岩型铁矿中铁高效富集的一种重要机制,多世代磁铁矿的发育范围和叠加程度可以在一定程度上反映高品位矿石的分布状况,其叠加程度可以作为矽卡岩型富铁矿的找矿线索。     

基于GIS、RS的野鸭湖及周边湿地资源动态变化分形研究

介绍了分形几何学理论及其特点。首先,基于GIS、RS技术,利用多源遥感影像融合技术和GIS叠置对比分析功能、人机交互解译,得出北京市野鸭湖湿地自然保护区及周边区域在1998年、2000年和2002年湿地资源现状;再利用方正智慧软件统计出各类型湿地图斑的周长和面积,并求出面积、周长的对数,根据二维欧氏空间分形维计算模型,计算出各类型湿地资源的分形维数值和稳定性指数;最后,根据分行维数和稳定性指数的物理意义,揭示了野鸭湖地区湿地资源的动态变化情况。研究表明,沼泽和湖泊是该区域湿地环境的主体,也是最脆弱的湿地要素;湿地资源分形维数(D)和稳定性指数(SK)可以为湿地环境评价、湿地资源的合理利用与可持续发展提供决策依据。     

最小曲率位场分离方法研究

位场分离是位场数据处理和解释中的重点和难点之一.本文给出了单步长非原位和原位两种最小曲率位场分离差分迭代格式,并利用Fourier频谱分析理论研究了这两种迭代格式的收敛性.通过研究表明,单步长非原位迭代格式不收敛,只有单步长原位迭代格式收敛,但单步长原位迭代格式受迭代方向选择的影响,随着迭代次数的增大其影响逐渐消失.根据单步长非原位迭代格式的频谱特点,提出了叠加步长非原位和原位迭代格式,同样利用Fourier频谱分析理论研究了叠加步长非原位和原位迭代格式的收敛性.通过研究认为,一维叠加步长非原位迭代格式收敛,但二维叠加步长非原位迭代格式不收敛;不论是一维或二维,其原位迭代格式均收敛.进一步的理论研究表明,非原位迭代格式的频率响应是一个实偶函数,而原位迭代格式的频率响应是一个复函数;单步长迭代格式的频率响应具有一定的周期性,而叠加步长迭代格式的频率响应无周期性特征;叠加步长迭代格式比单步长迭代格式的收敛性好.