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基于谱修正方法的非高斯风场模拟

为克服基于H erm ite谱修正方法的缺点,减少该方法中计算H erm ite多项式系数所需耗费的大量机时,提出了一种模拟非高斯风压场的新方法,采用非高斯累积分布函数（CDF）映射技术来代替基于H erm ite的概率密度函数（PDF）修正。选择任意边缘PDF模型作为概率目标模型,采用目标功率谱密度（PSD）作为样本函数,通过迭代修正该样本函数,使其收敛于目标概率密度函数和目标功率谱密度。将该方法应用于实际结构的非高斯风场模拟,模拟结果与目标谱符合良好,表明本文方法模拟非高斯风场具有较高的精确度和计算效率。     

东北亚地区矿产资源、成矿学和构造学地理信息系统简介

由俄罗斯科学院远东分院、美国地质调查局、蒙古科学院、中国吉林大学地球科学学院、朝鲜地质矿业学院、日本地质调查局合作建立的“东北亚地区矿产资源、成矿学和构造学地理信息系统”,整合了东北亚（包括俄罗斯远东地区、西伯利亚东部、中国东北部、蒙古、朝鲜半岛、日本等地区）地理学、地球动力学、原生矿床、外生砂矿床、成矿带等信息,为该地区区域矿产资源及地质找矿信息的存储、处理、分析、检索、共享和推广提供便利.     

嗜热栖热菌重组锰超氧化物歧化酶的性质

嗜热栖热菌(Thermus thermophilus)wl的超氧化物歧化酶基因在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中进行表达,采用Ni-NTA agarose亲和层析获得重组超氧化物歧化酶,比活力达565 U/mg.重组酶的相对分子质量为110.9 kDa,亚基相对分子质量为28.3 kDa,该酶为同聚四聚体蛋白.重组酶对氯仿-乙醇和SDS敏感,对H2O2不敏感,并且它的紫外最大吸收波长位于279 nm,判断其属于锰超氧化物歧化酶类型.1.0 mmol/dm3Mn2+对重组酶有激活作用,同浓度的其他金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Co2+、Cu2+、Zn2+和Fe2+对重组酶活力都有抑制作用,其中以Co2+的作用最强,抑制了约64%的酶活性.重组酶在70℃下处理1 h,保持原有活力的60%,即使在90℃下处理1 h,仍保持原有活力的35%.在pH值为4.0～11.0的缓冲液中25℃下处理1 h,保持65%以上的原始活力.由此可见,重组锰超氧化物歧化酶具有高的热稳定性和宽pH稳定性,在工业上具有巨大的应用潜力.     

近海温泉中嗜热菌Geobacillus sp. ZH1锰超氧化物歧化酶的克隆与表达

将嗜热菌Geobacillus sp. ZH1的超氧化物歧化酶(supseroxide dismutase,SOD)基因插入表达载体pET-32α(+),在Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中进行表达,并利用亲和层析纯化重组超氧化物歧化酶.将制备的脱辅SOD进行Mn2+和Fe2+金属重构后,得到的Mn2+重构SOD的比活力达668U/mg,Fe2+重构Fe-SOD没有活性,说明ZH1菌株的超氧化物歧化酶为Mn-SOD.凝胶过滤及SDS-PAGE分析显示,Mn2+重构SOD为同聚二聚体,亚基分子量为71.7 kDa.这些研究结果为进一步研究该酶的生化特性及酶的定向进化研究奠定了良好的基础.     

水下滑翔机器人研究进展及应用

水下滑翔机器人（AUG）是一种将浮标技术与传统水下机器人技术相结合的新型水下机器人,可用于长时间、大范围的海洋环境测量和监测,具有较高的可控性和机动性。在欧洲地区海洋环境安全（MERSEA）中水下滑翔机器人扮演了重要的角色,未来其应用领域将更加广泛,性能更加先进。     

Trends of urban air pollution in Zhengzhou City in 1996–2008

Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world.Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies.This study,using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City,analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO 2,NO x /NO 2 and TSP/PM 10 in 1996-2008,based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator,and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index(MPI).It was found that the concentration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization(WHO) guideline value,but the changing trend varied:SO 2 and NO 2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number,while NO x,TSP and PM 10 decreased.The air pollution was serious,and differed markedly among the three functional regions:it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area(IRA),followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District(THBD),and then the High-tech,Cultural and Educational Area(HCEA).Different from NO 2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions,the change rate of PM 10 concentration differed spatially,decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions.For the whole city,the comprehensive air pollution level declined gradually,illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.     

Revisiting and rethinking regional urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.     

黑河山区流域平均坡长的计算与径流模拟

 流域平均坡长是侧向流和汇流时间计算的重要参数,其会影响地表径流的计算。应用SWAT 2005和ArcView GIS 3.2集成的AVSWAT模型,对黑河干流上游山区流域莺落峡出山口径流进行模拟,发现其计算的流域平均坡长存在较大误差,进而影响到模拟结果。利用子流域内已知的平均坡度和平均坡长建立回归方程,计算各子流域的平均坡长,替换AVSWAT计算的不合理值,在保持其他参数不变的情况下,模拟的月径流纳什系数从0.60提高到0.75,模拟结果得到显著提高。敏感性分析结果和径流曲线数(CN2)的分析也间接验证了流域平均坡长修正方法的可行性。在修正流域平均坡长后,对AVSWAT模型的其他参数CN2等进行优化,模拟的月径流的纳什系数达到0.81,表明本文建议的流域平均坡长计算方法是可以应用到实际的干旱区黑河流域并取得较好模拟效果。