超级终端在自动站维护中的应用

利用W indow s操作系统中的超级终端检测、判断自动站采集器的状态,同时可对已缺测的正点数据进行补救。     

Implications of super dense carbonic and hypersaline fluid inclusions in granites from the Ranchi area, Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India

A combined fluid inclusion and mineral thermobarometric study in groups of synchronous inclusions in quartz within weakly foliated granites from the Chottanagpur Gneissic Complex, India, reveals super dense carbonic (CO₂ with minor CH₄ and H₂O) inclusions and hypersaline (H₂O–NaCl ± NaHCO₃) inclusions, with halite- and nahcolite daughter phases. This study documents the highest density (1.115 g cm^− 3) CO₂ fluids ever reported in granites. Fluid isochores, constructed from CO₂ (± CH₄) and halite-bearing inclusions, coupled with two-feldspar thermometry constrain the minimum P–T at 8 kbar/ 750 °C for fluid entrapment in granites. By contrast, the carbonic inclusions in quartz from granite-hosted metapelite enclaves contain substantial CH₄ (up to 30 mol%), and the entrapment pressure ( 4.3 kbar/600 °C) is considerably lower compared to those in the granites. By implication, the sillimanite-free granites were not derived from the metapelitic enclaves, and instead were formed by partial melting of fluid-heterogeneous lower crustal protoliths, with fluid entrapment at magmatic conditions.     

金沙江水电开发中的超高陡边坡问题

讨论了金沙江中、下游复杂的地质环境和地形特征。如 ,发育的活动性构造、强烈和频繁的地震活动以及世界水电工程中罕见的陡峻超高边坡等。分析了高坝大库施工和运营过程中可能出现的边坡问题 ,诸如边坡岩体中的高应力状态 ,陡峻超高边坡的地震响应 ,边坡岩体强度在频繁、强烈地震影响下的弱化 ,加固技术和高成本 ,以及高位能、大流量泄洪的影响等问题。系统深入地开展这些问题的研究 ,将对选坝、工程布置、工期、造价和施工运行安全以及岩体工程地质力学理论的发展都有十分重要的意义。     

Markov-random-field-based super-resolution mapping for identification of urban trees in VHR images

Identification of tree crowns from remote sensing requires detailed spectral information and submeter spatial resolution imagery. Traditional pixel-based classification techniques do not fully exploit the spatial and spectral characteristics of remote sensing datasets. We propose a contextual and probabilistic method for detection of tree crowns in urban areas using a Markov random field based super resolution mapping (SRM) approach in very high resolution images. Our method defines an objective energy function in terms of the conditional probabilities of panchromatic and multispectral images and it locally optimizes the labeling of tree crown pixels. Energy and model parameter values are estimated from multiple implementations of SRM in tuning areas and the method is applied in QuickBird images to produce a 0.6 m tree crown map in a city of The Netherlands. The SRM output shows an identification rate of 66% and commission and omission errors in small trees and shrub areas. The method outperforms tree crown identification results obtained with maximum likelihood, support vector machines and SRM at nominal resolution (2.4 m) approaches.     

超强台风鲇鱼路径北翘预报分析

利用常规气象观测资料、实时业务数值预报模式、欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）ERA Interim全球再分析资料（1.5°×1.5°）以及NCEP全球再分析资料（1°×1°）,对1013号超强台风鲇鱼移入南海后路径突然北翘的原因进行了初步分析,并对业务数值预报模式及中日美三家综合业务预报的台风路径预报进行了检验。结果发现：南半球越赤道气流向北涌进致使赤道缓冲带北进与＂鲇鱼＂东侧的副热带高压脊合并是＂鲇鱼＂在南海路径发生突然北翘的主要原因;当业务数值预报模式出现较大分歧时,台风路径多模式集成预报或超级集合预报是解决数值预报较大分歧的有效途径,为此有必要加强台风路径多模式集成预报或超级集合预报综合应用平台的研发,并在此基础上进一步完善现有台风业务预报流程。     

Analyzing the differences of brackish-water in the Badain Lake by geophysical exploration method

BadainJ aran Desert of Inner Mongolia is arid and rainless all the year around,with much more evaporation than rainfall.But the special groundwater recharge mechanism contributes to the generation of several lakes of different sizes that have never not dried up for years,among which there are many freshwater lakes.As the research object in this paper,East Badain Lake and West Badain Lake in the southeast of the desert,which are less than 50m away from each other,show the considerable difference in mineralization.In fact,one is a freshwater lake,but the other is a brackish-water lake.Considering the underground aquifer structure of BadainJ aran Desert and the special formation structure the particularity of the stratigraphic structure around Badain Lake,the author uses AMT(audio magneto telluric)method and ultra-high density resistivity method to analyze the difference in mineralization of East Badain Lake and West Badain Lake from the perspective of geophysical prospecting methods.     

考虑土-结构相互作用的上海中心大厦地震反应

采用ANSYS有限元软件建立土-桩-上海中心大厦相互作用简化模型.其中,桩土区采用等效模型,近域土体定为塑性区,用DP模型模拟;外围的土域定为弹性区,用超单元来模拟.对考虑土,桩-结构相互作用的整体结构和以刚性地基为假定的上部结构分别进行地震反应分析,并完成了比较.最后,在整体结构中提取上部结构与下部结构处的加速度反应与原地震波叠加,形成修正地震波,为输入修正地震波能考虑相互作用因素来分析相同结构的精细模型地震反应提供了条件.     

土-结构体系的混合约束模态法在ANSYS中实施研究

为了使提出的线性-非线性混合约束模态综合法能在商业软件中得到应用,本文对该方法在ANSYS软件中的运用进行了研究。对ANSYS中的超单元进行了深入分析,将线性-非线性混合约束模态综合法线性部分的处理作为超单元生成的过程,并根据基于势能判据的截断模态准则,运用Matlab自编了程序,求得子结构的截取主模态数,对存在局部非线性的土-高层框架结构相互作用进行了地震反应分析;进而对采用粘弹性人工边界与自由边界状况进行了比较,讨论分析了两种土体边界对线性-非线性混合的约束模态综合法自由度缩减的影响。     

中国北方特强沙尘暴的天气系统分型研究

使用中国中央气象台出版的历史天气图资料,对1957—1996年和2001—2002年间发生在我国北方的33次特强沙尘暴过程的天气系统进行了分析研究,重点归纳了形成各次沙尘暴过程的天气系统的热力和动力结构、活动特征及高低层系统的相互配置。在此基础上,以触发沙尘暴强风的主要地面天气系统为主要依据,将形成我国北方特强沙尘暴的天气系统,划分成纯冷锋型、蒙古气旋与冷锋混合型、蒙古冷高压型和干飑线与冷锋混合型4种类型。研究了各类型天气系统在沙尘暴强风形成中的作用、各类型强风的特点及沙尘暴天气的时空分布特征,给出了各类型特强沙尘暴的天气学概念模型。     

陕北晋西砂黄土的胶结物与胶结作用研究

在野外调查的基础上,采用SEM、XRD、土壤物理和土壤化学等方法,对陕北晋西12个县市的48个马兰黄土样品进 行了全分散法粒度组成测定、聚集体分析以及黄土胶结物组成的测试分析。结果表明,砂黄土中的粘土矿物和超细碳酸盐、 游离氧化物和有机质等胶结物质主要是以聚集体包膜的形式存在于碎屑颗粒表面,并构成砂黄土骨架间的结构联结,具有弱 胶结特性。砂黄土中粘土矿物和有机质为非水稳性胶结物质,仅在干燥状态具有较弱的胶结作用;黄土中的CaCO3呈粗颗粒 骨架和细分散超细碳酸钙两种形式存在,并分别起着骨架作用和胶结作用,超细碳酸钙为不可逆的胶结材料,在聚集体形成、 保存以及聚集体与碎屑颗粒之间的联结方面发挥着重要作用;非晶质游离氧化物(SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3)含量虽低,但由于他们 是以薄膜形式分布在颗粒表面,在黄土胶结作用中也是不可忽视的,并与上述各种胶结物共同起作用。通过统计分析认为, 凝聚系数可以较好地反映黄土的胶结程度,成为联系黄土胶结特性与黄土物理力学性质之间的桥梁。黄土胶结物组成及其 胶结机理的研究不仅有助于深化砂黄土工程特性的认识,而且对揭示黄土高原表生地球化学环境具有重要意义。