ECC方法在中国夏季气温预测研究中的应用

以中国夏季气温为预测对象,选取东亚地区冬季500 h Pa高度场、海平面气压场、地表温度场和850 h Pa温度场为预测因子,采用1951~2009年去趋势处理后的资料,通过变形的典型相关分析(Barnett-Preisendorfer Canonical Correlation Analysis,BP-CCA)方法分别建立单因子预测模型,再利用集合典型相关分析(Ensemble Canonical Correlation,ECC)方法建立集合预测模型,对中国夏季气温进行基于交叉检验方法的预测试验,然后利用2010~2014年的资料对中国夏季气温进行独立样本检验。通过分析BP-CCA模态可知,一对BP-CCA模态的空间型在一定程度上可以反映预报因子场和对象场的遥相关特征。通过基于交叉检验方法的预测试验表明环流场和热力场均能为气温提供预测信息。ECC预测模型综合了各个预报因子的在不同地区的预报技巧,比单因子BP-CCA预测模型有更高、更稳定的预报技巧。独立样本检验表明ECC模型与单因子BP-CCA预测模型相比,对中国夏季气温有更高、更稳定的实际预测能力,对气温季节预测具有参考价值。     

欧亚大陆夏季地表热力异常与同期中国东部夏季降水的可能联系

利用ERA-40再分析资料、CRU TS3.0数据集以及中国站点观测数据,分析了欧亚大陆夏季地表热力异常的变化特征,在此基础上探讨了我国东部夏季降水与同期欧亚大陆地表热力异常之间的可能联系。研究发现,欧亚大陆地表气温与浅层土壤温度的大尺度变化特征基本一致:经验正交函数分解第一模态空间型表现为大陆西南部分区域与欧亚大陆其他区域反相变化,对应的时间系数均在20世纪80年代末出现转折。当夏季欧亚中纬度印度以北地区和我国中东部地区地表气温偏高时,东亚夏季风的强度偏强,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏东,我国东部偏南风偏强,江淮流域水汽偏少,且气流上升运动偏弱,降水偏少;华南和北方地区水汽偏多,且气流上升运动偏强,降水偏多;反之亦然。当欧亚大陆中高纬贝加尔湖以东及以西地区夏季地表气温偏高,而我国东北部地区夏季地表气温偏低时,东亚夏季风的强度偏强,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,我国东南部地区偏南风异常偏强,有利于水汽向江淮流域输送,东南沿海及内蒙古中部水汽偏少,且气流上升运动偏弱,降水偏少;而东部其余地区水汽偏多,且气流上升运动偏强,降水偏多;反之亦然。     

江苏夏季旱涝环流演变特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR OLR月资料和北半球500 hPa逐月高度场距平格点资料,讨论江苏夏季旱涝天气气候的环流特征.研究表明:菲律宾以西太平洋暖池区OLR低值区值强弱直接影响江苏夏季降水,OLR值越低,该区辐合越强,则其北部副热带高压偏强,有利于副高的北抬和西伸,使副高北侧的雨带偏东偏北,江苏易偏旱;反之江苏易偏涝.500 hPa在东亚地区南北呈" 、-、 "的纬向分布,中高纬度乌拉尔山和鄂霍茨克海地区夏季500 hPa高度距平场为明显的正距平区,在该地区形成双阻或单阻有利于形势的稳定,使降水持续,江苏夏季降水偏多.     

Assessment of global meteorological,hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6

在全球变暖背景下,分析和预测干旱的变化趋势和传播规律对于区域生态环境安全和灾害管理具有重要意义.本文基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6),分析了SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5两种变暖情景下的气象(标准化降水指数SPI和标准化降水蒸发指数SPED,水文(标准化径流指数SRI)和农业(标准化土壤水分指数SSI)...     

Dynamic Relationship Between Entrainment Rate and Summer Monsoon in the Transition Area of Monsoon in the East of Northwest China

Entrainment rate refers to the ratio of surrounding air quality to air quality involved in rising unit distance, including turbulent entrainment and dynamic entrainment, which are applied to the boundary layer parametrization of convective clouds, the improvement of numerical model, the observation of cloud droplet spectral dispersion and the study of tropical cyclones.Based on the daily data at 07:00 and 19:00 every 10 m of five stations such as Minqin, Yuchong, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Yan'an from May to September during 2006-2016, combined with the daily observation data on the ground, the Entrainment Rates(ER) of different heights were calculated, and the relationships between ER and height in different regions, precipitation as well as monsoon during the monsoon period were further obtained. The main results were as follows:\mathrm{①} The ER was proportional to air temperature and saturated water vapor pressure, but inversely proportional to relative humidity. The relative humidity threshold of cloud was 65%. The higher the relative humidity threshold was, the lower the cloud height of different orders of precipitation was, and the cloud height was higher with the increase of rainfall. \mathrm{②}ER had obvious diurnal changes and regional differences: It was obviously smaller at 07:00 than at 19:00 from ground to 3 km, which weakened with the increase of height in the near surface , but strengthened with the increase of height above 500 m; From small to large, the monsoon affected area, the monsoon swing area and the non-monsoon area were in turn, and there was no regional difference above 3 km. \mathrm{③} ER was closely related to the intensity and property of precipitation in monsoon period. The ER weakened with the enhancement of rain intensity from near ground to below 600 m, but strengthened with the enhancement of rain intensity from 500 m to 2~3 km.From near ground to below 700 m, the ER of stable precipitation was strong, but that of convective precipitation was strong above 700 m. The convective precipitation had big saturated water vapor pressure and strong ER , while the stable precipitation had big saturated water vapor density, rich water vapor but weak ER. \mathrm{④}The relationship between ER and monsoon as well as its duration: From no monsoon to monsoon ER was weakened, the strongest maximum height was also decreasing. There was no significant difference in the duration of ER between the non-monsoon area and the monsoon affected area, but the longer the monsoon swing area lasted in the near ground layer, the smaller the ER was, while the opposite was at 1~2 km in the high altitude. \mathrm{⑤}The relationship between ER and the APO monsoon intensity index showed that: At 07:00, the ER strengthened with height from near ground to below 800 m, but weakened with height above 800 m,and the monsoon intensity was not related to the ER. At 19:00, the ER strengthened with the height near ground but weakened with the height above 300 m, and the stronger the monsoon was, the smaller the ER was. The ER weakened with the decrease of boundary layer height.     

2021年山东夏季降水异常特征及成因分析

基于NCEP再分析资料和山东省122个国家地面观测站数据,对2021年山东夏季降水异常特征及成因进行研究。2021年夏季山东平均降水量较常年偏多25.3%,降雨过程较多,其中,6月降水偏多主要是由于西太平洋副热带高压（以下简称:副高）北抬造成;7月中旬降水偏多主要是由于副高强度偏强,副高边缘暖湿气流为山东降水提供了充足水汽,下旬降水偏多是由于台风“烟花”带来强降水;8月降水偏多主要是下旬副高强度偏强,水汽输送充沛造成的。此外,2021年夏季山东降水空间分布不均匀,呈西多东少的空间分布。进一步分析了近3次拉尼娜事件发现,夏季副高强度偏强是造成近3个拉尼娜衰减年夏季山东降水空间分布异常的主要原因。夏季副高强度是拉尼娜次年山东夏季降水的重要预测因子。     

Contrasting Regional Responses of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall to Exhausted Spring and Concurrently Emerging Summer El Ni?o Events

The inverse relationship between the warm phase of the El Ni?o Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall(ISMR) is well established. Yet, some El Ni?o events that occur in the early months of the year(boreal spring) transform into a neutral phase before the start of summer, whereas others begin in the boreal summer and persist in a positive phase throughout the summer monsoon season. This study investigates the distinct influences of an exhausted spring El Ni?o(springtime)...     

气候态调整对华北冬、夏季气候监测的影响研究

本研究对比分析了不同气候态下,华北冬、夏季降水及气温的差异,分析了气候平均值的改变对历史极端事件监测的可能影响。研究结果发现,1991～2020年（简称气候Ⅱ态）的冬季和夏季的平均降水量均略多于1981～2010年（简称气候Ⅰ态）,但接近或略少于1961～2020年的平均降水量,平均降水量逐年变化幅度冬季Ⅱ态小于Ⅰ态,夏季反之。气候Ⅱ态冬季降水空间分布不均,夏季较Ⅰ态呈“中部减少,东西增加”的分布型。冬季和夏季极端降水阈值Ⅱ态（0.86 mm和22.0 mm）较Ⅰ态（0.83 mm和21.6 mm）均略有提高,造成近60年华北大部基于Ⅱ态阈值的冬、夏季极端降水日数较Ⅰ态略减少。此外,气候Ⅱ态的华北冬、夏季平均气温均明显高于Ⅰ态,也高于1961～2020年平均值。Ⅱ态气温较Ⅰ态基本呈全区增加特征,但空间分布不均匀。冬季极端低温和夏季极端高温阈值Ⅱ态（-9.8°C和27.9°C）较Ⅰ态（-10.2°C和27.5°C）均有所有所提高,造成华北大部分地区基于Ⅱ态阈值的近60年冬季极端低温日数较Ⅰ态有所增加,夏季极端高温日数较Ⅰ态存在不同程度的减少。因此,新气候态下华北气温和降水均值,华北大部极...     

夏季南亚高压与邻近上对流层下平流层区水汽变化的联系

利用1979-2015年ERA-interim月平均再分析资料,分析了夏季南亚高压（SAH）与邻近上对流层下平流层（UTLS）区水汽空间分布特征,讨论了二者的相关关系和因果联系。结果表明:（1）在对流层上层,水汽大值区位于南亚高压的东南侧,并随高度升高向西北倾斜到100 hPa,水汽大值中心基本位于南亚高压中心附近。（2）南亚高压偏强（弱）时,南亚高压东部UTLS区水汽显著偏多（少）,而南亚高压西北部水汽异常不显著。（3）南亚高压偏强（弱）时南亚高压中部UTLS区水汽偏多（少）可能与南亚高压对水汽的抽吸和对水汽输送屏障有关。（4）而南亚高压东南侧UTLS区水汽偏多（少）时南亚高压偏强（弱）可能与深对流输送的水汽潜热释放有关。      

South-north dipolar pattern around mid-1990s in Korean summer rainfall variability

From the time series of rainfall in summer (June, July and August) in South and North Koreas for recent 28 years (1981–2008), rainfall has significantly increased in South Korea while it has significantly decreased in North Korea since 1996. In particular, the decreasing trend of summer rainfall in North Korea was more conspicuous during the second Changma (late August – mid-September). This characteristic was also found in the south-north dipolar pattern based on 1996 by empirical orthogonal function analysis using summer rainfall observed in all weather observation stations in South and North Korea.The decreasing rainfall trend in North Korea was found to be associated with the weakening of convection by anomalous northeasterlies from anomalous anticyclone centered on around Baikal Lake during summer. On the other hand, the increasing rainfall trend of South Korea was associated with the strengthened anomalous cyclone in the southern region of China, which in turn strengthened anomalous southwesterlies.