Uniformity in sulfur isotope composition in the orogenic gold deposits from the Dharwar Craton,southern India

The sulfur isotope composition of sulfides (mainly pyrite and arsenopyrite) from gold deposits/prospects of the Dharwar Craton such as Hutti, Hira-Buddini, Uti, Kolar (Chigargunta), Ajjanahalli, and Jonnagiri has a narrow range (δ³⁴S = +1.1 to +7.1‰). Such craton-scale uniformity of the above gold camps is noteworthy, in spite of the wide diversity in host rock compositions and their metamorphic conditions, and suggests a magmatic or average crustal source of sulfur for all deposits studied. In addition, our study points towards gold precipitation from reduced ore fluids, with near-homogeneous sulfur isotope compositions.     

二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层气成因类型及勘探方向

低煤阶煤层气地球化学特征及成因判识是勘探选区重要基础。通过解剖煤层气井气、水组成及其碳、氢同位素特 征,探讨了二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷煤层气成因。结果表明：煤层气组分中甲烷占93.41%,重烃及二氧化碳含量低,为典 型干气;甲烷碳同位素(δ13C)值介于-62.5‰~-60.1‰之间、氢同位素(δD)值介于-275.1‰~-270.2‰之间、二氧化碳碳的同位 素(δ13C)值介于5.1‰~6.2‰之间,反映其为生物成因气。煤层水来源于大气降水,呈弱碱性、较低矿化度。煤层气井气、水 氢同位素特征表明研究区97%左右生物成因气形成于二氧化碳还原机制。生物气藏是吉尔嘎朗图凹陷重要煤层气勘探方 向,适宜地下水环境是勘探选区关键因素。     

中国岩石风化作用所致的碳汇能力估算

岩石的风化作用同时参与了短时间尺度和长时间尺度的全球碳循环 ,对碳酸盐岩而言 ,它的风化作用在短时间尺度上对大气二氧化碳循环具有重要影响 ,但在长时间尺度上不产生净碳汇 ;而硅酸盐岩等其他类型岩石的风化过程由于反应速率较慢 ,在短时间尺度上对全球碳循环及其变化反应不灵敏 ,但它所产生的净碳汇是遗漏汇的组成之一 .为了准确估计我国岩石风化所致的碳汇能力 ,简要评价了现有的各种模型和方法 ,并基于GEM -CO2 模型进行了计算 .计算结果表明 ,我国岩石每年因溶蚀、风化作用共消耗的CO2 约为 4 .72× 10 7t,折合成C为 1.4 1× 10 7t,其中由碳酸盐类岩石风化消耗的碳量最多 ,约为 0 .74× 10 7t/a ,占总量的 5 2 .6 5 % .硅酸盐岩及其他类型岩石风化消耗的碳量约为 0 .6 7× 10 7t/a ,占总量的 4 7.35 % .岩石风化所致碳汇能力的空间分布首先取决于岩石类型 ,其次受地区的气候条件控制 .     

中国二氧化碳排放源现状分析

通过对20世纪90年代中国几个主要温室气体研究项目中关于二氧化碳(CO2)排放源研究结果的综合分析,结合最新资料,对1990年的中国CO2排放源进行了收集和完善,对1994年中国CO2排放源重新做了计算.其中,工业生产过程的CO2排放,在以前的研究中仅仅计算了水泥一项,本研究中我们增加了石灰、钢铁、电解铝三项,力求使结果更接近实际情况.结果表明,1990年和1994年中国CO2矿物燃料燃烧和工业过程总排放分别为2218.9×106t(合605.1×106t碳)和2787.8×106t(合760.3×106t碳),分别占当年全球CO2总排放的10.2%和12.7%.能源和工业生产活动的CO2排放均有不同程度的增长.矿物燃料燃烧是中国CO2的最大排放源,占总排放的90%以上.对CO2排放源的不确定性分析表明,中国CO2排放存在大于10%的减排潜力.     

Acoustic emission and volumetric strain induced in coal by the displacement sorption of methane and carbone dioxide

The aim of this study was to assess whether acoustic emission (AE) could carry information on preferential sorption/desorption of CH₄ or CO₂ in coal. AE and expansion/contraction of two nearly identical cylindrical coal samples were continuously monitored during displacement sorption experiments. One sample was subjected to presorption of CH₄, followed by sorption of CH₄/CO₂ mixture. With the other one, presorption of CO₂ preceded sorption of the mixture. The results obtained are the following: first, AE and stain kinetics show that the affinity of the coal tested is higher for CO₂ than for CH₄; second, methane is preferentially desorbed after presorption of CH₄ — sorption of mixture of CH₄ and CO₂; third, during displacement sorption, kinetics of AE and sample swelling/shrinkage bring out the importance of presorption and the sorbate used. It matters whether the coal is first exposed to CH₄ or to CO₂. The present study has demonstrated that injection of CO₂ into the coal previously exposed to CH₄ causes considerable swelling of the coal. On desorption after CH₄/CO₂ exchange sorption, initial shrinkage is followed by swelling of the coal. These results could have implications for the sequestration of CO₂ in coal seams and CH₄ recovery from coalbeds (ECBM). Swelling/shrinkage of the coal matrix should be included in models used to predict coal permeability and gas flow rates. They also show that the AE technique can give more insights into coal matrix-gas interactions.     

苏南地区温室气体CO2地质处置的探讨

化石能源是现代工业飞速发展的重要保障。但从工业革命以来,无节制的能源消耗导致越来越多的温室气体被排入大气,带来了一系列的环境问题,全球气候变暖就是其中最严重的问题。业已觉悟的国际社会,已经认识到问题的严重性,并开始行动起来,其中二氧化碳(CO₂)的回收及安全处置就是一项减缓大气变暖的重大工程。针对全球温室气体减排的压力,详细分析了CO₂的地质处置机制与措施,并探讨了工业发达的苏南地区进行CO₂地质处置的方式,认为存在苏北油田注CO₂增产、句容盆地深层盐水层或贫油气储层的CO₂地质处置和薄煤层CO₂吸附处置等3种方式,提出句容盆地将是未来苏南地区进行CO₂地质处置的重要场所,同时认为进行CO₂地质处置存在巨大的商机。     

冰后期最大海侵以来长江口潮波特性的变化

冰后期最大海侵时,现今长江三角洲地区为一巨大河口湾,研究古长江河口湾及其周围海域的潮波特性,并与现今长江口的进行对比,有助于深入了解长江三角洲形成发育的动力过程。根据冰后期最大海侵时古长江河口湾及其周围海域３５个计算站一个半日潮周期的潮位、潮流过程曲线得知,冰后期最大海侵时古长江河口 及其周围海域的潮波为驻波以及驻波－前进波混合型。此后,丰古长江河口被充填、长江口东进南移,长江口的潮波也逐渐转 变     

60年来大气中二氧化碳浓度数据的趋势方程研究

通过讨论已有的60年来大气中CO₂浓度数据的分布状态,采用趋势分析方法,给出了具体趋势方程形式.与冰芯分析或观测数据对比结果表明,趋势方程曲线与已有数据基本符合,随后初步给出了2010年至2016年间大气中CO₂浓度预测值.     

Modeling vertical stratification of CO2 injected into a deep layered aquifer

The vertical stratification of carbon dioxide (CO₂) injected into a deep layered aquifer made up of high-permeability and low-permeability layers, such as Utsira aquifer at Sleipner site in Norway, is investigated with a Buckley–Leverett equation including gravity effects. In a first step, we study both by theory and simulation the application of this equation to the vertical migration of a light phase (CO₂), in a denser phase (water), in 1D vertical columns filled with different types of porous media: homogeneous, piecewise homogeneous, layered periodic and finally heterogeneous. For each case, we solve the associated Riemann problems and propose semi-analytical solutions describing the spatial and temporal evolution of the light phase saturation. These solutions agree well with simulation results. We show that the flux continuity condition at interfaces between high-permeability and low-permeability layers leads to CO₂ saturation discontinuities at these interfaces and, in particular, to a saturation increase beneath low-permeability layers. In a second step, we analyze the vertical migration of a CO₂ plume injected into a 2D layered aquifer. We show that the CO₂ vertical stratification under each low-permeability layer is induced, as in 1D columns, by the flux continuity condition at interfaces. As the injection takes place at the bottom of the aquifer the velocity and the flux function decrease with elevation and this phenomenon is proposed to explain the stratification under each mudstone layer as observed at Sleipner site.