北京区域工程地质勘查评价体系研究

北京建设世界城市需要开展与其空间相适宜的区域工程地质勘查评价工作,为此有必要研究和构建科学的区域工程地质勘查评价体系。该体系包括中心城区、规划新城、村-镇和＂京津冀＂都市圈4个区域工程地质勘查评价子系统。其工作精度分别为1：5000～1：10000、1：10000～1：25000、1：25000～1：50000和1：50000～1：100000。     

北京建设世界城市亟需解决的关键地质问题

北京建设世界城市对地质工作提出了更高的战略需求,需要创新城市地质工作分类,优选地质工作发展模式,研究和解决其可持续发展过程中的重大地质问题,构建与北京建设世界城市发展空间相适宜的区域工程地质勘查体系,确保北京可持续发展。     

Comparative review of marine mammal guidance implemented during naval exercises

This article reviews the types and effectiveness of marine mammal mitigation measures used during some naval activities worldwide. The three main standard methods used to mitigate the potential impacts of naval sonar sound on marine mammals are (1) time/area planning (of exercises/active sonar use) to avoid marine mammals; (2) implementation of operational procedures (e.g. ‘soft start’ - where sound levels are gradually increased over time); and (3) monitoring of animals for the purpose of maintaining an ‘exclusion zone’ around the sound source. Suggestions towards a minimum worldwide mitigation standard are made.     

数字化前兆低频前驱波异常特征分析

前驱波是一种暂态信号,是在震源成核过程中发射出的一种低频波,对地震预测而言是一种有重要价值的可靠短临前兆信息.本文提取了黑龙江及邻区3次中强地震前5例水位、竖直摆倾斜数字化低频前驱波异常图像,分析了低频前驱波异常形态、异常特征和异常指标,经初步统计得到了经验公式,探讨了前驱波异常机理,取得了一些新的认识,值得一提的是这些震例均为近场区中强地震前数字化前兆低频前驱波异常,丰富了低频前驱波方法在黑龙江地区地震分析预测工作中的应用.     

Optimisation of the Operation of an Electrochemical Process To Treat TBT‐contaminated Sediments on a Pilot Scale

Since at least three decades tributyltin had been commonly used in paint formulations to protect ship hulls and submersed surfaces from fouling. This has resulted in negative and Technology, effects to the marine environment due to its high toxicity towards non‐target organisms and to its accumulation in sediments, especially near point sources of pollution. Even if a ban of TBT for its application in anti‐fouling paints is enforced the problem of TBT‐contaminated sediments will remain for the coming years due to the low degradation rates of organotin in sediments. In this work an electrochemical process at a pilot scale to destroy TBT in sediments was investigated. Previous experiences at a laboratory and technical scale have demonstrated the potential of this process to electrolytically degrade organotin species in sediments. This article deals with the optimisation of the pilot plant performance in terms of organotin degradation and operation costs monitoring additionally the effect of the electrochemical treatment on other pollutants such as heavy metals, PCBs, and PAHs. The aim was to investigate by means of a parametric study the range of operating conditions required to destroy TBT down to concentrations lower than 100 μg/kg; to determine the influence of those parameters on the performance of the process; and to evaluate the operation costs associated to the process. It was determined that it was possible to destroy TBT down to 100 μg/kg at current densities in the range of 4.4 to 6.6 mA/cm² and chloride concentrations of least of 0.2 mol/L with operation costs of 13 to 18 EUR/m³.     

由地面运动峰值速度估算环境应力值

本文使用滇西地震实验场区近场微震观测中的洱源、脉地、松挂地区的三次微震序列资料，研究了地面运动峰值速度ｖｍ与地震矩Ｍ０和环境应力τ０的关系，利用ｖｍ∝Ｍ０１／３τ０４／３的关系，估算了这三次微震序列的环境应力参数τ０值和应力降△σ。结果认为，地面运动峰值速度参数（ｖ·ｒ）是环境应力参数τ０或△σ的函数，且τ０或△σ与地震构造背景及介质状态相关，表现为处于不同构造背景的三次微震群测定的τ０和△σ值存在明显的差异。脉地震群为高应力序列，应力参数在（０．５～５．０）ＭＰａ，松桂震群为中等应力序列，在（０．３～１．５）ＭＰａ；洱源震群为低应力序列，在（０．０１～０．５）ＭＰａ。由此而讨论了不同构造背景与环境应力参数的依赖性及其前兆意义。     

中国数字地震台网的数据在中国地震学研究中的应用

中国大陆邻近印度、欧亚和太平洋板块的边缘，其特点在于具有复杂的地壳构造和高地震活动性。中美合中国数字地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）运行１０年来，在中国地震学研究中发挥了有效的作用。ＣＤＳＮ作为ＩＲＩＳ全球地震台网的参与伙伴，为全球地震学研究作出了贡献。本文概述了ＣＤＳＮ数据在中国地震学研究中的应用。     

Establishment of the GPS Monitoring Network in North China, the Relation of Horizontal Crustal Movement to Stress Field and Seismicity

In the paper, the establishment, measurement, data-processing program and monitoring accuracy of the GPS seismic monitoring network in North China, especially in the Capital-Circle area, have been presented briefly. The relation of horizontal crustal deformation to tectonic movement, stress-field variation and seismicity has been analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the accuracy of GPS measurement has reached the order of 10-9 and the annual rate of horizontal crustal deformation in North China is about 4 ~5 mm. Horizontal crustal movement is a direct indication of the regional stress field. Therefore, by monitoring the time-sequence variation of horizontal crustal motion, it would be possible to investigate the change in the stress field, to analyze the tendency of seismicity and to determine the seismogenic zones.     

卫星热红外遥感资料在地震预测中应用的现状

概述了震前卫星热红外异常研究的历史及发展概况,其发展经历了四个阶段:异常现象的发现、异常现象总结、机理研究以及异常提取方法改进;并进一步概括了目前各异常提取方法的优缺点及适用条件。     

海陆分布和地形对大气垂直环流影响的诊断研究

本文利用GFDL10年平均的气候资料,分析了海陆分布和地形对大气中经圈和纬圈垂直环流的影响。文中提出了用运动学方法分别在P和σ坐标系中计算大气垂直运动ω或W的新方法。讨论了欧亚非洲季风的垂直环流特征,并与非季风区相应垂直环流围进行了比较。结果表明,在具有明显南北向海陆差异的经度上（如欧亚大陆所在处）,垂直的季风经圈环流具有较大的强度,且有明显的季节变化。而在只有海洋的经度上,垂直经圈环流较弱,季节变化不明显。在纬圈方向,垂直环流圈在海陆差异较大的北半球中高纬度带也比海陆差异较小的低纬和赤道地区复杂得多。地形的作用迭加于海陆热力差异的作用之上,加强了地形区和自由大气间的热力差异,使青藏高原和落基山脉所在的经度带内的垂直环流圈变得更加复杂,季节变化更明显。