Intoxifying gentrification: brew pubs and the geography of post-industrial heritage

This paper traces one craft brewery (Mill Street Brewery) across two industrial heritage properties—in Toronto’s Distillery District and Ottawa’s LeBreton Flats—to investigate the extent to which alcohol functions as a catalyst of urban change. Using an analysis of both planning and policy documents, as well as media coverage for the two properties, we explore the role that alcohol plays in recalibrating industrial landscapes into spaces of consumption, and the potential for craft breweries to alter the meanings of industrial heritage. We argue that craft beer works as a vehicle in the manufacture of new spaces of cultural consumption. Specifically, craft beer production and consumption are used to aestheticize the industrial past and pacify resistance to central-city gentrification.     

Street‐based topological representations and analyses for predicting traffic flow in GIS

It is well received in the space syntax community that traffic flow is significantly correlated to a morphological property of streets, which are represented by axial lines, forming a so called axial map. The correlation co‐efficient (R ²) approaches 0.8 and even a higher value according to the space syntax literature. In this paper, we study the same issue using the Hong Kong street network and the Hong Kong Annual Average Daily Traffic datasets, and find surprisingly that street‐based topological representations (or street–street topologies) tend to be better representations than the axial map. In other words, vehicle flow is correlated to a morphological property of streets better than that of axial lines. Based on the finding, we suggest the street‐based topological representations as an alternative GIS representation, and the topological analyses as a new analytical means for geographic knowledge discovery.     

Tasman Geosyncline greenstones and ophiolites

Palaeozoic greenstones lying at the base of stratigraphic sequences or in fault blocks in the Tasman Geosyncline are compared with the Penrose Conference definnition of an ophiolite by using tabulated petrological, structural, and metallogenic data. Of 45 occurrences, only 9 are recognizably ophiolites: 4 are in rift zones adjoining Precambrian continental crust at the ends of the geosyncline; and away from the margins, in that part of the geosyncline most typically of West Pacific‐type, only 5 of the 33 greenstone occurrences are recognizably ophiolites. Ophiolites are rare in the Tasman Geosyncline, in contrast to several Atlantic‐type geosynclines. This may be a characteristic of West Pacific‐type geosynclines in general.

Alpine‐type serpentinites are rather common in the Tasman Geosyncline. The metallogeny of some shows affinities with ophiolites, suggesting a common origin as oceanic crust. Their relative abundance suggests that West Pacific‐type geosynclines, such as the Tasman Geosyncline, may have developed on oceanic crust of unusual composition. Alternatively, it may reflect differences of deformation style between Atlantic‐ and West Pacific‐type geosynclines.

The term ophiolite has been used uncritically in plate tectonic analyses of the Tasman Geosyncline, calling in question the objectivity of these analyses. If objectivity is to be maintained, some indication should be given of the quality of the data used in plate tectonic analyses.     

居民对遵义红色旅游商业街中书法景观的认同度研究

文化地理学作为人文地理学的重要分支, 是学者们广泛关注的热点, 但鲜有研究涉及居民对文化景观的感知和认同问题。本文选取了中国传统文化代表--书法景观为研究切入点, 根据地方感理论构建了假设模型, 提出了17 个假设影响路径。根据遵义会议会址景区及周围红色旅游商业街中书法景观的居民感知调查数据, 构建了居民书法景观感知的结构方程模型。分析结果验证了居民感知态度与文化认同的递进性, 拒绝了部分研究假设。同时, 在书法景观功能感知的5 个维度:经济获益、环境审美、场所识别、景观原真性和行为导向中, 经济获益和景观原真性是居民文化认同的决定性因素。研究结果体现了原真性元素在城市文化景观中的核心地位, 验证文化景观对城市经济建设不可或缺的推动作用, 对城市文化景观保护和规划管理具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

Enrolling a goddess for Delhi’s street vendors: The micro-politics of policy implementation shaping urban (in)formality

In a world of persistent and growing informality of working and living conditions in cities, and increasing policy efforts to formalise the informal, why are some forms of informality criminalized while others enjoy sanction of the state? This paper argues that analysis of the politics of policy implementation of formalisation efforts can provide rich insights into urban formal-informal relations in cities of the global south, to complement policymaking or policy impact analyses. We present an in-depth case study analysis of the contested implementation of a unique policy effort to formalise street vendors in Delhi, India. A public authority lens reveals the micro-political practices employed by non-state and state actors in bureaucratic, judicial, political, market and other arenas aiming to control urban space. We argue that policy implementation outcomes are significantly shaped by ‘horizontal' contestations within society and within the state, to complement and intermesh with ‘vertical' state-society struggles. Moreover, contestants for public authority exploit official rules but also informal practices by the state, to engage and advance state fragmentation, enduringly shape cityscapes and to affect which forms of informality are condoned or condemned.     

西安市道路灰尘磁学特征及其对环境的响应

西安市道路表面灰尘样品的环境磁学研究显示磁化率(χ)、非磁滞磁化率（χ_ARM）以及饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）均比较高,表明样品中磁性矿物含量较高.其中磁化率（χ）主要受人类活动强度影响,而非磁滞磁化率（χ_ARM）及饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）则由人为活动强度和磁性矿物种类共同决定.κ-T曲线以及等温剩磁（IRM）获得曲线显示样品中磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿等亚铁磁性矿物占主导,并可能含有少量的单质铁,其相对含量与人类活动种类有关：与单纯的交通排放及冶金活动相比,密集的人群流动可带来更多的单质铁矿物.磁畴图谱显示磁性矿物粒径变化不大,以准单畴及多畴颗粒等粗颗粒为主,明显大于成土作用形成的磁性颗粒.综合磁性矿物含量种类以及粒径可辨别污染及污染来源,提供污染监测的磁学手段,并初步进行污染来源划分.     

历史街区顾客地方依恋与购物满意度的关系——以苏州观前街为例

基于“地方依恋”与“美国顾客满意度指数(ASCI)模型”基本理论,通过构建顾客地方依恋与购物满意度之间的结构关系模型,采用通径分析、相关分析及验证性因子分析等研究方法,探讨了苏州观前街历史街区型购物场所顾客地方依恋对购物满意度的影响关系,结果表明：①地方依恋对顾客购物满意度、购物抱怨及购物忠诚度均具有不同程度的影响效应;②地方依恋对顾客购物满意度具有最为显著的正向影响、对购物抱怨的直接负向影响显著、通过顾客购物满意度对购物抱怨具有间接的负向影响,但并不显著;③地方依恋对顾客购物忠诚度的直接影响及以购物满意度为中介变量的间接影响均为显著。最后提出了增进观前街与顾客之间人地情感联结关系,以提高顾客游憩及休闲购物满意度的主要途径。     

Near-inertial motions in and around the Palamós submarine canyon (NW Mediterranean) generated by a severe storm

During 9–16 November 2001 the western Mediterranean Sea was lashed by one of the most extreme storms of the last decades. Current meter data from seven moorings in the Palamós submarine canyon (northwestern Mediterranean) are analyzed to understand the vertical propagation of near-inertial energy generated by the storm. The daily inertial rotary components are examined for evidence of free and forced near-inertial oscillations. Free near-inertial motions are increased during the storm, although they are larger outside the canyon than inside. Conversely, forced near-inertial motions are relatively large inside the canyon but are almost negligible outside. Based on the results of a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, these differences are shown to be caused by the presence of a storm-generated alongshore front. The mechanisms by which near-inertial energy propagates are distinct at each side of the front. On the onshore side of the front (inside the canyon), free near-inertial motions are rapidly carried away by normal inertial waves, and wave reflection off canyon wall is responsible for the dissipation of free near-inertial motions and enhancement of forced near-inertial motions. On the offshore side of the front (outside the canyon), on the other hand, free near-inertial motions propagates first downward with anomalously low frequency internal waves and are then advected southward and offshore by the mean flow.     

Late Cretaceous to early Miocene deposits of the Carpathian foreland basin in southern Moravia

 The Late Cretaceous to Early Miocene strata of the Carpathian foreland basin in southern Moravia (Czech Republic) are represented by a variety of facies which reflects the evolution of the foreland depositional system. However, because of the intensive deformation and tectonic displacement and the lack of diagnostic fossils the stratigraphic correlation and paleogeographic interpretation of these strata are difficult and often controversial. In order to better correlate and to integrate them into a broader Alpine–Carpathian foreland depositional system, these discontinuous and fragmentary strata have been related to four major tectonic and depositional events: (a) formation of the Carpathian foreland basin in Late Cretaceous which followed the subduction of Tethys and subsequent deformation of the Inner Alps-Carpathians; (b) Middle to Late Eocene transgression over the European foreland and the Carpathian fold belt accompanied by deepening of the foreland basin and deposition of organic-rich Menilitic Formation; (c) Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Egerian) uplifting and deformation of inner zones of the Carpathian flysch belt and deposition of Krosno-type flysch in the foreland basin; and (d) Early Miocene (Eggenburgian) marine transgression and formation of late orogenic and postorogenic molasse-type foreland basin in the foreland. These four principal events and corresponding depositional sequences are recognized throughout the region and can be used as a framework for regional correlation within the Alpine–Carpathian foreland basin. Received: 18 August 1998 / Accepted: 9 June 1999     

Environmental assessment of Dhaka City (Bangladesh) based on trace metal contents in road dusts

Geochemical analysis of street dusts was conducted to evaluate the environment of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dust samples were collected from different areas (industrial, commercial, and residential) of Dhaka City, and their major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) were determined. Samples from the commercial area had Pb concentrations double those of the industrial and residential areas. Contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the industrial areas were greater than those in the commercial and residential areas. The REE patterns of all dusts in Dhaka are similar and are comparable to the average upper continental crust. The condition of the Dhaka environment was compared to that in Japan and other baseline sediments using Zn–Fe₂O₃ and Pb–Fe₂O₃ diagrams. Zn–Fe₂O₃ trends for the dusts show steep inclination compared to the baseline sediment and the Japanese urban sediment trends. Dhaka lake data show enrichment of Zn over the dusts, suggestive of Zn pollution from poorly controlled industrial sources. In contrast, on the Pb–Fe₂O₃ diagram, Dhaka dusts have greater Pb contents than lake sediments, probably due to the higher traffic density in the commercial area compared to the residential area including the area around the lake. The results suggest that higher levels of Pb and Zn in street dusts in Dhaka can most likely be attributed to the anthropogenic sources like vehicle emissions to the atmosphere and a rapid development.