江苏省矿产资源储量套改结果分析

在汇总统计江苏省截至1999年底矿产资源储量套改数据的基础上研究分析有关资料,对江苏省矿产资源储量套改基本情况、重要矿产资源储量套改情况和套改结果进行了分析.就21世纪江苏面临的严峻的资源形势,提出了多项建议和对策.     

Sr and Pb isotopic composition of five USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G, TB-1G, NKT-1G)

Sr isotopic compositions and Rb / Sr ratios of three USGS glasses (BHVO-2G, BIR-1G, BCR-2G) are identical to those of the original USGS reference materials. NKT-1G and TB-1G give values of 0.70351 and 0.70558, respectively. Pb isotopic ratios were measured by the standard-sample bracketing technique on an MC-ICP-MS, which give results that are comparable in accuracy and reproducibility to double spike analyses. However, assessment of the reproducibility of the technique is hampered by inhomogeneous contamination of all USGS reference materials analysed. This contamination is likely to be the reason why the USGS glasses do not all have the same Pb isotopic composition as their unfused originals. Powdered glasses, distributed for characterisation of the glasses by bulk analytical techniques, do not all have the same Pb isotopic compositions as the solid glass material, and can therefore not be used for this purpose.     

Variational method for objective analysis of scalar variable and its derivative

In this study real time data have been used to compare the standard and triangle method by performing the objective analysis of mean sea level pressure. In the standard method, derivative fields are obtained from the grid point data using finite difference scheme whereas in the triangle method, a set of non-overlapping triangles are formed from the observations and the scalar and the spatial derivatives are computed directly at the centroid of each of the non-overlapping triangles. These scalars and their derivatives are then mapped to uniform grids by using the standard method. It has been found that objectively analysed scalar field obtained using standard method is superior to the scalar field derived by the triangle method, whereas the derivative fields produced by triangle method are superior to the derivative fields produced using standard method. A variational objective analysis scheme has been developed and an experiment has been carried out with depression case of June (11–15) 2004. It is found that the new scheme (variational) is able to extract the better parts of both triangle and standard methods. The results of this study will be useful in carrying out diagnostic calculations that involve derivative estimates.     

高应力条件下的岩芯电磁性能变化

根据标准晶格模型理论,在高应力作用下,岩石的Si-O键最外层电子将被挤入晶格间隙里,松散外逸的电子云在电场中将产生直流电流（DC）,进而吸收电磁波,转换成交流电流（AC）。直流电流来源于量子力学穿隧效应电子和断键电子。穿隧效应电子的形成过程和原理:氧原子的最外电子被束缚在浅位能井（shallow potential well）（0.38 V）,当高应力作用时,电子吸收部分能量,增加其动能,虽然这种轻微的动能增加不足以使电子克服并跳出它的位能井（potential well）,但它足以增加穿过井壁（well wall）进入晶格空隙间的概率,这个概率乘以可用氧原子的数目即为由于隧穿效应形成电子云的电子数量,其量级通常为微微库伦（picocoulombs）到纳米库伦（nanocoulombs）。断键电子的形成过程和原理:从微裂纹开始断裂键释放电子,并且裂纹成核点极可能开始是平行排列的,每当Si-O键断裂时,就会产生一个+Si悬键,伴随着一个自由电子附着在-O原子上,这个电子将从原子跃迁到原子,这种电子电流与裂纹的表面积和电池电极的收集效率成正比。断键形成的电子云比穿隧效应多很多。两种电子均被试验所证实。在高应力条件下岩石破裂之前,由电子穿隧效应,DC缓慢增加,随着岩石破裂的发生而导致断键电子增多,DC急剧增加;AC的电压振幅（V）随电流（I）增大而减小,当电流减小到正常时,在岩石破裂后电压振幅回归正常;遵守能量守恒原理,吸收的电磁波能量（E）与交流电流功率（V×I）相等,即E=V×I。研究结果表明电磁波监测可用于探测地壳高应力变化和岩石破裂特征,当应力达到岩体断裂的临界强度时,其应变晶体结构开始释放越来越多的外逸电子,最终岩体晶体结构断裂产生一个地震或滑动事件。岩石破裂的电磁性能变化研究可用于研发电磁波地学监测仪器,电磁波监测可以作为地应力监测的一种补充和对比分析方法,两种方法相结合比地应力监测一种方法更可靠。此外,在高应力条件下岩石还有其它现象:应变蠕变辐射、光发射、声发射、静电等,这些现象的观测也是预测地质事件需要考虑的条件。      

对地质勘查组织“产品”设计的理解

从讨论ISO 9000:2000标准“设计和开发”的定义出发,对地质勘查组织的的产品、产品质量特性和产品的设计进行了讨论,提出了地质勘查组织产品设计与标准中规定的设计和开发的概念以及对应关系,并对标准中的“设计和开发”与地质勘查组织“设计与开发”的内容进行了对比分析。     

太平洋大尺度环流数值模拟 I:数学模式及其性能

本工作基于曾庆存的海洋环流模式设计思想和大气物理研究所海洋环流模式(IAPOGCM)基本动力框架,设计并实现了四层太平洋环流模式;同时引进稳定有效的时间积分方案和海表热通量参数化方法,对太平洋大尺度环流进行了较为系统的数值模拟. 本文首先导出消除“刚盖”近似、扣除海洋标准层结、保持总有效能量守恒的OGCM基本方程组;给出空间差分格式和时间积分方案,引入海表热通量计算方法;然后,在太平洋区域对所设计的四层OGCM的一些模式性能进行了分析、表明,时间积分方案采用基于“灵活性系数”技术的加速收敛方法和适应过程中流场正压斜压进一步分解算法,同时采取一些技术处理,可确保模式稳定而有效地进行长时间数值积分、有效能量分析表明,与海面起伏相联系的有效表面位能是总有效能量的重要组成部分,它与动能同量级甚至更大些,因此在OGCM中须考虑有效表面位能与其它能量间的转换机制,这在物理上更加合理,而采用“刚盖”近似则是不合理的;同时,扣除海洋标准层结,缩小了位能与动能之间的量级差别,有利于长期数值积分的稳定进行.此外,这个模式能直接计算海面起伏和分析有效能量,使得表面流场和上层海洋热储率的模拟比已有文献的结果有明显的改进.除模式设计外,本部分只给出模式的基本性能,系统的模拟结果将在第Ⅱ,Ⅲ两部分发表.     

Use of magnetic measures to assess soil redistribution following deforestation in hilly region

Limited information is available about the use of magnetic susceptibility property to determine soil redistribution in hilly areas of the semi-arid regions. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of magnetic properties to determine soil redistribution along a hill slope following deforestation. The study area is located in the Quaternary hilly region of Lordegan district in west Iran. Ten transects were established in two land uses that included natural Querqus forested and cultivated lands. Soil samples were collected at different positions along the slope and magnetic properties (χlf, χhf, SIRM, ARM, and χfd) and selected physico-chemical properties were determined. The results (based on the χfd, SIRM/ARM) showed that the magnetic susceptibly in the calcareous materials is pre-dominantly derived during the pedogenic processes and the superparamagnetic particles which were transported to lower positions of hill slope following deforestation. The results confirmed that this methodology could be applied for monitoring soil redistribution along the slope in calcareous hilly areas in the semi-arid regions.     

使用P波快速测定国家台网大震标准震级

本文针对国家台网速报面波震级测定时间偏长和中深源地震震级速报有一定偏差的问题,采用IASPEI推荐的宽频带体波震级mB及宽频带P波矩震级MWP对2009—2013年国家台网地震速报的大震进行了对比分析。对于经过转换成MW后的mB和MWP震级来说,其结果均与我国速报地震发布的震级M有一定的偏差,一般表现为偏小。其中,对于6.0—6.9级地震,mB偏差相对较小,但离散度相对较大(整体偏差要比平均偏差大不少);对于7.0—7.9级地震,MWP偏差相对较小;而对于8.0级以上地震,由于震级饱和等原因,mB偏差较大,但MWP偏差相对较小,一般主要表现为偏小。总体来说,MW(MWP)的稳定性要比MW(mB)更好一些(线性回归的相关系数更大,标准误差更小)。对于综合mB和MWP震级来说,由于采取分段平均的方法,结果的稳定性有了一定的提高,但较大地震仍以偏小为主,如果在综合震级MP上加0.2,则可以得出与M震级较为接近的结果。通过MW(mB)、MW(MWP)、MP(M)、M与MW(GCMT)的对比,可以验证综合标准震级MP(M)和国家台网速报震级M具备一定的可信度,而MP(M)可作为P波快速测定的震级,所以用MP(M)作为大震速报初报震级,在某种程度上是可行的。     

Report on the 4th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the “Kilian Group” (Dijon, France, 30th August 2010)

The 4th Kilian Group meeting (Dijon, France, 30th August 2010) focused on the Aptian and Albian Stages. For the Aptian, a two-fold division of the stage was adopted for the Mediterranean area with a boundary between the Dufrenoyia furcata and Epicheloniceras martini Zones. The main changes to the zonal scheme concern the Lower Aptian with: the introduction of a Deshayesites luppovi Subzone in the upper part of the Deshayesites oglanlensis Zone; the replacement of Deshayesites weissi by Deshayesites forbesi as new index-species of the second interval zone; the introduction of a Roloboceras hambrovi Subzone in the upper part of the D. forbesi Zone; and the subdivision of the D. furcata Zone into the D. furcata and Dufrenoyia dufrenoyi Subzones. For the Albian, the upper part of the Douvilleiceras mammillatum Zone (Lower Albian) is now characterized by a Lyelliceras pseudolyelli Subzone. The main amendments concern the Upper Albian. The base of this substage is defined by the base of the Dipoloceras cristatum Zone. Above it, the Upper Albian zonal scheme comprises in stratigraphic order the Mortoniceras pricei, Mortoniceras inflatum, Mortoniceras fallax, Mortoniceras rostratum, Mortoniceras perinflatum and Arrhaphoceras briacensis Zones.     

财政拨款项目绩效考评体系建设的有益探索

目前国内财政拨款项目的绩效管理普遍存在着管理不科学、监督不力、绩效不明显等问题 ,根源在于转型时期的体制弊端 ,参照国外的先进经验 ,绩效考评管理体制应该向制度化、标准化、科学化、客观化、实用化的方向发展。全额财政拨款的地震部门项目绩效考评制建设在这些方面做了一些有益的探索。