机载雷达技术在中小比例尺地形图中的应用研究

机载雷达技术已经广泛应用于各个领域,机载雷达能瞬间获得大量的采样点,采样点具有高密度、高精度的优势,本文阐述了机载雷达技术在中小比例尺地形图中的应用。     

一次夏季低涡系统中MCS演变特征

2011年7月11-13日,黑龙江省西部连续出现3次中尺度强对流天气,伴有短时强降水、冰雹、大风、雷电等天气。利用多种观测资料,对MCS环流、中尺度及物理量特征进行分析,探究低涡系统下MCS的演变规律。结果表明：地面辐合线和干线是触发强对流天气产生的重要因素。高低空一致的切变线和辐合线促使MCS的发展,MCS向不稳定能量区移动。假相当位温、K指数、沙氏指数和上干下湿的水汽条件及上冷下暖的温度平流等物理量因素对MCS发生发展有重要指示作用。飑线发生在MCS云团强度梯度大的前边界,该地域是强对流天气的多发地。     

Restoration of Exotic Terranes Along the Median Tectonic Line, Japanese Islands: Overview

This paper reviews recent progress on the geotectonic evolution of exotic Paleozoic terranes in Southwest Japan, namely the Paleo-Ryoke and Kurosegawa terranes. The Paleo-Ryoke Terrane is composed mainly of Permian granitic rocks with hornfels, mid-Cretaceous high-grade metamorphic rocks associated with granitic rocks, and Upper Cretaceous sedimentary cover. They form nappe structures on the Sambagawa metamorphic rocks. The Permian granitic rocks are correlative with granitic clasts in Permian conglomerates in the South Kitakami Terrane, whereas the mid-Cretaceous rocks are correlative with those in the Abukuma Terrane. This correlation suggests that the elements of Northeast Japan to the northeast of the Tanakura Tectonic Line were connected in between the paired metamorphic belt along the Median Tectonic Line, Southwest Japan. The Kurosegawa Terrane is composed of various Paleozoic rocks with serpentinite and occurs as disrupted bodies bounded by faults in the middle part of the Jurassic Chichibu Terrane accretionary complex. It is correlated with the South Kitakami Terrane in Northeast Japan. The constituents of both terranes are considered to have been originally distributed more closely and overlay the Jurassic accretionary terrane as nappes. The current sporadic occurrence of these terranes can possibly be attributed to the difference in erosion level and later stage depression or transtension along strike-slip faults. The constituents of both exotic terranes, especially the Ordovician granite in the Kurosegawa-South Kitakami Terrane and the Permian granite in the Paleo-Ryoke Terrane provide a significant key to reconstructing these exotic terranes by correlating them with Paleozoic granitoids in the eastern Asia continent.     

大比例尺DLG数据生产中若干问题的探讨

大比例尺DLG数据是数字城市地理信息平台中最重要的基础地理信息数据,对于加快城市信息化进程具有重要的保障作用。制定合理的DLG数据生产工艺流程,精确配准影像,快速构建居民地及植被要素面,二次开发辅助程序,对提高数据质量,缩短项目生产周期具有重要意义,文章就以上问题,进行了详细的探讨与实践。     

Structural history of the Greenvale Province,north Queensland: Early Palaeozoic extension and convergence on the Pacific margin of Gondwana*

The southeastern Georgetown Inlier (Greenvale Province) consists of Early Palaeozoic metamorphic rocks in fault contact along the Lynd Mylonite Zone with the Palaeoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic craton of northeastern Australia. It has a central assemblage of metamorphosed silicic volcanic and sedimentary rocks considered equivalent to the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician Seventy Mile Range Group that developed in an extensional backarc in the Charters Towers Province to the southeast. In the western part of the Greenvale Province, the Oasis Metamorphics have a U – Pb zircon SHRIMP metamorphic age of 476 ± 5 Ma and are intruded by the granodioritic Lynwater Complex with U – Pb zircon ages of 486 ± 5 Ma and 477 ± 6 Ma. These ages are consistent with these rocks forming basement and intrusive equivalents to the extensional volcanic basin. Existing geochronological constraints on the Halls Reward domain, located at the eastern margin of the province, are consistent with it being basement to the extensional basin. Several domains are recognised in the Greenvale Province with either dominantly steep or low to moderate dips of the main foliation, and each experienced multiple deformation with locally up to four overprinting structural phases. Steepening of foliation in several of the domains is attributed to contractional deformation in the Early Silurian that is inferred to have overprinted low-angle foliation developed during extensional tectonics in the backarc setting. Contractional deformation related to the Early Silurian Benambran Orogeny is considered responsible for multiple deformation in the Greenvale Province and reactivation of domain-bounding faults.     

关于“胡焕庸线能否突破”的学术争鸣

著名地理学家胡焕庸先生于1935年提出中国人口地理的重要分界线（简称“胡焕庸线”）,被广泛认可和引用,是中国地理学发展的重要成果。2014年底,李克强总理参观人居科学研究展时,高度关注胡焕庸线,并提出了胡焕庸线能否突破的问题。胡焕庸线因而再度引起争论和热议。据此,组织了一些地理学者围绕该问题进行学术讨论,力图从不同层面展现学者们对胡焕庸线的理解与反思,从而深化胡焕庸线的科学价值和现实意义,进而指导中国新型城镇化战略的实施和区域实践。     

云凝结核数浓度对华东地区一次飑线过程发展的影响

利用WRF模式对2016年5月2日华东地区的一次飑线过程进行数值模拟,通过开展5组不同初始云凝结核数浓度的数值试验,讨论了污染对飑线发展的影响,并用Q矢量散度进行分析,结果表明:轻度污染下飑线线状结构最完整,强对流组织形式最紧密,而污染过重或过轻均导致飑线强对流组织分散甚至断裂;轻、中度污染对飑线降水有增强作用,而污染程度过重或过轻均对降水有限制作用;从清洁大气加深到轻度污染,强回波区宽度增大,强回波的高度升高,回波强度增强,随着污染继续加深,强回波区宽度减小,强回波的高度降低,回波强度减弱;轻度污染时,垂直速度、涡度和散度的强度较强;飑前低压在轻度污染时强度最强,雷暴高压、尾流低压和冷池则是随着污染加深而逐步减弱,但重度污染时,雷暴高压、尾流低压和冷池又增强;随着污染加深,对流云区不稳定性先增强后减弱,轻度污染下不稳定性最强;除了雪粒子外,其他水凝物粒子混合比含量均在轻度污染下达到最大值,而雪粒子混合比含量的最大值是在重度污染下出现的;推导了非地转非静力平衡的Q矢量散度方程,理论分析和计算结果均表明Q矢量辐合区对应上升运动,辐散区对应下沉运动。在较清洁和轻度污染的情况下,Q矢量散度高值区最强。     

双探针型海底热流计的结构优化

本文在现有海底热流探针制作技术条件下,首先建立了脉冲式双探针海底测量单元的有限元数值模型,模拟获得多组参数下的温度-时间数据,作为“实测”数据,再用脉冲加热有限长线热源(PFLS)模型求解待测介质热导率及其相对误差上限(RE_λ-UL),并以RE_λ-UL最小为原则,对双探针热流计的结构进行优化.结果表明:(1)在不同探针脉冲强度(q)、温度测量误差(ΔT_m)和探针长度(L)组合下,都存在最佳探针间距(Best_r),使得RE_λ-UL降到最低;(2)随着q增大或ΔT_m减小,Best_r逐渐增大;(3)当q、ΔT_m及探针半径(a)都给定时,Best_r与探针长度(L)呈线性正相关;(4)当a=1.0 mm,且q、ΔT_m分别取为628.0~1100.0 J·m^-1、0.5~1.0 mK,若L在20.0~42.0 mm之间时,则Best_r在18.0~30.0 mm之间,此时介质热导率相对误差上限可控制在5.5%以内,同时测量温度可在6 min内达到最大值,即脉冲加热开始后,温度测量只需约7 min,便可满足介质热导率的求解,这比目前常用的Lister型热流计所需海底测量时间缩短8 min左右.     

轨道交通对沿线住宅价格影响的分市场研究——以深圳市龙岗线为例

研究轨道交通对沿线住宅价格的影响有助于将轨道交通带来的外部效益转化为内部收益,对城市地铁的建设和运营具有重要意义。在真实城市空间中,由于空间异质性的存在,轨道交通对不同区域的影响并非都是相同的,因而需要划定分市场进行研究。本研究以深圳龙岗线郊区段为对象,首先运用Moran'I 指数证实了空间自相关效应的存在,并构造变量将空间自相关效应纳入模型进行控制,结合其他变量构建了4 个Hedonic 模型,然后通过Chow Statistics 检验划定远郊段和近郊段2 个分市场,最后运用最优的Hedonic 模型对轨道交通影响住宅价格的分市场进行研究并解释其形成原因。研究结果表明：① 轨道交通在近郊段对沿线住宅价格具有正向影响;② 轨道交通对沿线住宅价格影响存在分市场效应,不同分市场中轨道交通对沿线住宅价格的影响程度差异较大,龙岗线近郊段对沿线住宅价格具有正向影响,远郊段对沿线住宅价格具有负向影响;③ 可以通过Chow Statistics检验来划定分市场,龙岗线近郊段和远郊段的分界点为“六约—丹竹头”,近郊段分市场的空间范围可能与城市的平均通勤时间有关;④分市场的形成原因是空间异质性,龙岗线郊区段的分市场是由两个区域中心的空间分布差异所导致。     

豫东地区“6.3”与“7.17”两次致灾大风雷达资料对比分析

利用加密自动站常规、非常规资料和多普勒雷达资料,分析了2009年6月3日(简称"6.3"过程)和2010年7月17日(简称"7.17"过程)在豫东地区出现的大范围强对流、大风天气过程。结果表明,"6.3"和"7.17"过程虽然都有高空槽和槽后西北气流引导北方冷空气南下,使中高层气温迅速下降,造成大气层结的极不稳定和高低空风的垂直切变,进而高空动量下传,形成强对流的发生、发展、维持和传播。雷达径向速度和风廓线显示,"6.3"过程"弓形"出现了强回波区并位于回波区前沿,其移动速度快,具有径向风速辐合等飑线特征;"7.17"过程则是在中尺度涡旋云系中形成多个局地对流旺盛的单体,最终造成强降雨、雷电和局地强风暴等强对流天气。