高度-斜率相关对随机界面背向散射脉冲传播时间统计特性的影响

Fuks和Godin关于随机界面背向散射脉冲传播时间统计特性理论只适应于随机界面和波阵面“up-crossing”且界面高度-斜率不相关情形。文中扩展以上分析,考虑随机界面和波阵面“up-crossing”和“down-crossing”2种不同的相交情况,给出确定最早返回的2个脉冲传播时间概率的一般公式;并研究界面高度与斜率之间存在相关性的一般情形。数值结果表明:第1个和第2个返回脉冲传播时间的概率分布跟界面高度-斜率相关系数的绝对值有关;传播时间是相关系数绝对值的增函数。     

Fortnightly and monthly variability of the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar

The fortnightly and monthly variability of the exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar has been studied from two simultaneous five-month long moored datasets, at Camarinal Sill and the East Section. The study focuses on the M_sf and M_m tidal components and their role for the subinertial exchange. A significant monthly signal is observed in the upper layer transport. Also, a significant fortnightly signal is observed in the lower layer transport, which minimum (maximum flow toward the Atlantic) takes place approximately on spring tides. In consequence the net transport has both signals, with maximum taking place during neap tides and a small monthly inequality. Fortnightly and monthly variability in the interface depth is also observed at Camarinal Sill, the interface being deeper on neap and shallower on spring tides. At the East Section the interface depth signals are not significant.The subinertial variability of the transports is separated in two contributions. The first one is called quasistatic transport and arises from the subinertial fluctuations of currents. The second contribution, called tidally rectified transports, arise from the non-linear correlation of currents and interface depth at tidal frequencies. The tidally rectified transports are important at Camarinal but not at the East Section. An apparent contradiction between the fortnightly signals of the subinertial currents and subinertial transports is resolved when the fortnightly signal of the tidally rectified transports are considered. The fortnightly signal of the quasistatic and tidally rectified transports mutually cancel in the upper layer, but not in the lower layer where the rectified transports dominate. A simple model for the spring-tide mixing forcing accounts for the fortnightly variability of the lower layer quasistatic transports but underestimates it for the upper layer. Finally, the observed lower layer transport is compatible with the hydraulic control condition at Camarinal Sill except for certain periods during intense spring tides.     

Spring phytoplankton bloom in the fronts of the East China Sea

Frontal areas between warm and saline waters of the Kuroshio currents and colder and diluted waters of the East China Sea (ECS) influenced by the Changjiang River were identified from the satellite thermal imagery and hydrological data obtained from the Coastal Ocean Process Experiment (COPEX) cruise during the period between March 1^st and 10^th, 1997. High chlorophyll concentrations appeared in the fronts of the East China Seas with the highest chlorophyll-a concentration in the southwestern area of Jeju Island (~2.9 mg/m³) and the eastern area of the Changjiang River Mouth (~2.8 mg/m³). Vertical structures of temperature, salinity and density were similar, showing the fronts between ECS and Kuroshio waters. The water column was well mixed in the shelf waters and was stratified around the fronts. It is inferred that the optimal condition for light utilization and nutrients induced both from the coastal and deep waters enhances the high phytoplankton productivity in the fronts of the ECS. In addition, the high chlorophyll-a in the fronts seems to have been associated with the water column stability as well.     

中国海洋旅游业的发展与地位研究

中国的海上旅行活动历史悠久，经过几个历史时期的发展，现代的海洋旅游已进入全新的发展时期。海洋旅游业在海洋产业中具有先导地位，发展潜力很大。为了促进中国海洋旅游业的可持续发展，必须对其发展条件和对策进行分析、研究，使中国早日跻身于世界海洋旅游业发达国家的行列。     

基于Android和JavaEE旅游助手系统的实现

本系统通过Esri公司发布的ArcGIS for Android结合天地图发布的各种OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)服务构建了Android客户端,服务端以Linux为操作系统,Apache Tomcat为Web服务器,Postgre SQL/PostGIS为数据库,使用Java EE技术进行开发,构建了旅游助手系统。该系统不仅在Android设备上实现了地图浏览、兴趣点查询等常规功能,还实现了旅游路线分享、进入景区地理围栏时接收景区多媒体信息推送、扫描景点二维码获取景点介绍等特色功能。通过旅游助手,游客便于分享自己的旅游路线和心得,获取其他游客分享的路线和心得;景区景点便于向游客推送相关的宣传信息和景点介绍,促进景区景点信息化的建设。     

智慧农场在线综合服务平台系统的研究与设计

结合农场发展实际情况,提出智慧农场在线综合服务平台建设指导思想、建设原则、核心建设内容及建设与运行模式,剖析其实际的功能与性能需求。针对智慧农场建设内容,综合旅游、农田、社区、微信平台等方面,提出能适应功能需求不断变化的智慧农场在线综合服务平台系统架构,为智慧农场建设提供新的思路,以期为智慧农场信息服务标准化建设提供指导。     

广州市居民工作日小汽车出行个体与社区双层影响机制

小汽车出行与建成环境的关系是城市研究中的热点问题,已有的研究主要分别关注个人社会经济属性与建成环境对小汽车出行的影响。近年来,在中国城市转型的背景下,社会空间分异受到关注,越来越多的研究表明,居民个人社会经济属性与社区建成环境及社区类型间存在关系,考虑三者如何共同对小汽车出行的影响具有一定的现实意义。因此,本文构建包含个体层社会经济属性和社区层建成环境与社区类型的多层Logit模型对工作日小汽车出行方式的影响因素进行分析。研究发现居民个人的社会经济属性和其所居住社区建成环境同时对小汽车出行的选择起作用,且这两层因素的影响与社区类型紧密相关,出行方式差异有76.32%是由社区因素的差异造成。个人社会经济属性因素方面,更高的文化水平、更高的个人月收入水平、非集体单位性质和家庭存在更多未成年孩子的居民工作日小汽车使用率较高;社区建成环境因素方面,提高建筑密度、用地混合度、商业可达性和公交站点密度会降低社区居民工作日出行使用小汽车的可能,而社区周边更高的POI密度则会增多居民对小汽车的使用。两类因素关系背后的机制在于伴随着市场力量对城市居住空间重构影响的增强,相似社会经济属性的居民会倾向选择同一类型社区,而相同类型社区拥有相似的建成环境。这些结论有助于进一步了解城市居民工作日小汽车出行背后的影响因素及机制,并为通过对相同类型社区多层因素的调节来改变居民出行方式结构,进而缓解交通问题提供了借鉴。     

Using a Huff-Based Model to Delineate Hospital Service Areas

Hospital service areas (HSAs) are increasingly adopted as a basic analysis unit for health care studies. The popular Dartmouth HSAs were produced more than two decades ago, and the process was far from automated. This research uses a Huff-based model automated in a geographic information systems (GIS) environment to delineate HSAs. Based on the Florida State Inpatient Database (SID) in 2011, a best-fitting distance decay function is derived from the actual travel patterns of hospitalization and then fed into the Huff model to strengthen the model's theoretical foundation in individual spatial behavior. The HSAs derived from the Huff-based model are then compared to the traditional flow-based HSAs defined by the Dartmouth method and assessed in terms of self-containment and heterogeneity of internal socioeconomic structure and urbanicity. The Huff-based model requires fewer data and is easy to implement as an automated toolkit and thus has great potential for replication in other regions to define large-scale and consistent HSAs.     

Neighborhood-scale urban form,travel behavior,and CO2 emissions in Beijing: implications for low-carbon urban planning

With an increasing awareness of global climate change, the effect of urban spatial organization, at both city and neighborhood scales, on urban CO₂ emission reduction has attracted much scholarly and practical attention. Using Beijing as a case study, this article examines the extent to which neighborhood-scale urban form may contribute to reduction of travel-related CO₂ emissions in the context of rapid urbanization and spatial transformation. We derive complete travel-activity records of 1,048 residents from an activity diary survey conducted in 2007. Analysis using structural equation models finds that residents living in a neighborhood with higher land use mix, public transit accessibility, and more pedestrian-friendly street design tend to travel in a “low-carbon” manner and emit less CO₂ in daily travel, even controlling for residential and travel preferences. This article offers empirical evidence that sheds light on debates about policy measures to facilitate China’s transition toward sustainable and low-carbon urban development.     

基于知识图谱的公共自行车出行研究进展

公共自行车作为一种新兴的公共交通方式,在全世界范围内迅速发展。本文采用知识图谱分析和传统文献研究相结合的方法,利用信息可视化软件CiteSpace对公共自行车出行的文献信息进行了分析,对该领域内高被引文献、热点关键词、热点期刊、热点研究区域、热点作者进行了梳理。主要结论为：①研究内容和研究方法日趋多元化。研究主题聚焦于公共自行车用户及出行特征,公共自行车出行的影响因素,公共自行车对其他交通方式以及健康、环境的影响。②不同地区公共自行车用户社会经济属性和出行特征存在差异。出行目的与公共自行车出行时空规律相关。③影响公共自行车出行的因素主要有用户感知、气象特征和建成环境。公共自行车出行对交通系统、城市环境及居民健康产生了积极影响。④中国公共自行车的发展实践需要从经营运作、规划管理、系统服务、宣传推广4个方面进行提升。