Estimation of Travel Climate Comfort Degree in the Cross-border Region between China and Russia based on GIS

The duration of travel climate comfort degree is an important factor that influences the length of the tourism season and the development of a tourism destination. In this study, we used the monthly average meteorological data for the last 10 years from 46 weather stations in Heilongjiang Province (China) and Primorsky Krai (Russia) to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI) and wind chill index (WCI) based on ArcGIS software interpolation technology. We obtained the climate comfort charts of the study area with a grid size a 1 km ² grid size, and analyzed the spatial distribution of comfort for each month. The results show the following: 1) The THI and WCI of the cross-border region gradually decrease from south to north and from low altitude to high altitude. The annual comfortable climate period is longer when analyzed in terms of the WCI rather \than the THI. 2) The travel climate comfortable period of the study area shows significant regional difference and the length of the comfortable period in Heilongjiang Province is 4 to 5 months. Meanwhile, the period in Primorsky Krai decreases from south to north and the length of the comfortable period length in its southern region can reach 7 months. 3) The predominant length of the climate comfortable period in the cross-border area is 5 months per year, and it covers 46.6% of the total area, while areas that have a climate comfortable period of 2 months are the most limited, covering less than 0.3% of the area. The results provide a scientific basis for the utilization and development of a meteorological tourism resources and touring arrangements for tourists in the cross-border region between China and Russia.     

多尺度交通出行碳排放影响因素研究进展

减少交通出行碳排放是全球共同面对的重大议题之一,同时也是城市和交通可持续发展的重要目标。论文首先基于文献计量方法对近20年来的全球交通出行碳排放研究现状与趋势进行梳理与分析,在此基础上,分别从国家、城市和社区3个尺度对国家交通能源消耗及其碳排放的驱动力因素、城市形态对交通碳排放的影响以及社区建成环境对居民出行碳排放的影响研究进行了文献综述与归纳凝练。研究发现：① 国家尺度的研究早期大多基于时间序列数据,采用分解法探究交通能源消耗的主要驱动力;近年来,研究进一步根据能源消耗数据“自上而下”地测算交通碳排放,并通过构建面板数据模型探究社会经济、城市形态和交通发展因素对交通碳排放的影响。② 城市尺度的研究早期围绕紧凑城市是否一种低碳的城市形态而进行讨论,主要使用截面数据和相关分析方法;近年来,进一步拓展使用情景预测、GIS空间分析、空间回归、空间模拟等方法探究城市交通碳排放的空间差异及其与城市形态、城市中心分布形式之间的关系。③ 在社区尺度,研究多以截面、非集计的问卷调查数据为主,采用定量的数学模型探究居民社会经济属性和人口密度,土地利用混合度,与就业地、城市中心的距离,路网与交叉口密度、公共交通供给水平等建成环境要素对居民出行碳排放的影响。最后有针对性地提出了未来中国城市交通出行碳排放影响因素的研究趋势。     

Visa Restrictions and Bilateral Travel

The vast majority of states impose visa restrictions on travelers from some foreign countries. Such restrictions are likely to deter foreign visitors from affected countries. They will therefore reduce the flow of tourists, businesspeople, and other travelers and thereby damage a country's tourism industry, reduce its trade, and affect its scientific, cultural, and other exchanges with foreign countries. This study estimates the damaging effect exerted by visa restrictions on bilateral travel in a country dyad data set covering the period from 1995 to 2005. It finds that, depending on the exact model specification chosen, visa restrictions reduce such travel by on average between 52 and 63 percent but with substantial regional variation. Given this large detrimental effect of visa restrictions on bilateral travel, the article discusses the determinants of why states impose such restrictions.     

中国居民工作日与节假日的城际出行网络异同性研究

居民出行目的、出行时间与地域属性的差异都会导致出行行为的异质性,工作日与节假日具有完全不同的时间属性,且出行目的差异较大,对两时段城际出行网络进行比较有助于全面认识城际出行规律及其网络特征。以4月份工作日（2016年4月11日—4月15日）和国庆黄金周（2016年10月1日—10月7日）为代表,利用“腾讯迁徙”提供的居民城际出行数据,从城市节点、城际关联及网络集聚角度对工作日与节假日的居民城际出行网络结构特征进行对比研究。结果发现：① 黄金周的日均城际居民出行规模显著高于工作日,但出行距离和网络集聚程度明显低于后者;② 两种网络均形成了跨区域组团、邻近组团和省域组团3种类型。黄金周跨区域组团数量明显低于工作日,区域和地方枢纽城市数量多于工作日,邻近组团和省域组团数量则明显高于工作日;③ 工作日,北上广三大城市核心地位突出,旅游功能、交通枢纽功能城市的地位在黄金周更得以凸显;④ 工作日城际出行网络以跨区域联系为主,而黄金周则呈现出明显的空间邻近效应,并形成了以省会为中心、省内出行为主的核心—外围模式。     

Occurrence of springs in massifs of crystalline rocks,northern Portugal

An inventory of artesian springs emerging from fractures (fracture springs) was conducted in the Pinh?o River Basin and Morais Massif, northern Portugal, comprising an area of approximately 650 km². Over 1,500 springs were identified and associated with geological domains and fracture sets. Using cross-tabulation analysis, spring distributions by fracture sets were compared among geological environments, and the deviations related to differences in rock structure and, presumably, to differences in deformational histories. The relation between spring frequencies and rock structures was further investigated by spectral determination, the model introduced in this study. Input data are the spring frequencies and fracture lengths in each geological domain, in addition to the angles between fracture strikes and present-day stress-field orientation (θ). The model's output includes the so-called intrinsic densities, a parameter indexing spring occurrence to factors such as fracture type and associated deformational regime and age. The highest densities (12.2 springs/km of lineament) were associated with young shear fractures produced by brittle deformation, and the lowest (0.1) with old tensional and ductile fractures. Spectral determination also relates each orientation class to a dominant structural parameter: where spring occurrence is controlled by θ, the class is parallel to the present-day stress-field orientation; where the control is attributed to the length of fractures, the spring occurrence follows the strike of large-scale normal faults crossing the region. Electronic Publication     

网上购物对个人出行与城市零售空间影响的研究进展及启示

随着互联网的快速发展和普及,网上购物因其巨大的经济潜力已经成为ICT 应用的核心领域之一。网上购物指的是通过互联网搜索或购买商品和服务的活动,网上购物作为一种新的购物渠道和媒介,与城市传统零售业在竞争的同时又相互补充,重新塑造人们的购物行为和零售业运行模式,进而改变着城市传统零售业布局和土地利用格局。本文重点梳理国内外近20 年来地理学界关于网上购物、出行和城市零售空间的研究内容。网上购物和出行的关系包括替代、补充、修正、中立4 个方面。网上购物对城市零售空间的影响包括:①扩大化和碎片化活动空间;②不同等级零售空间受网购影响差异显著,向虚实融合的零售空间转化;③线上线下零售活动向与其他空间渗透和融合,促进传统零售空间转型。研究结论可为消费者出行优化和城市传统零售业发展转型提供借鉴。     

基于潜能模型的医疗设施空间可达性评价方法

空间可达性是评价医疗设施布局合理与否的重要指标,传统的医疗设施空间可达性评价,或者从医疗服务供需状况着手,或者从供需双方之间距离因素着手,均无法全面评价居民实际所能获取的医疗资源。本文采用基于潜能模型的评价方法对江苏省如东县医疗设施空间可达性进行分析研究,该方法综合考虑了医疗设施服务能力、居民点人口数量、医疗设施与居民点之间的出行阻抗。研究表明,通过选取合适的出行摩擦系数,该方法能够较为全面准确地测度较小研究单元的医疗设施空间可达性,辅以GIS技术,可以很直观地揭示研究区域内医疗设施空间可达性差异,结合公共卫生管理部门制定的医疗资源配置标准,还可较为准确判定缺医地区,为政府相关部门规划决策提供依据。     

上海世博会对周边城市旅游辐射效应研究

为了研究上海世博会对上海周边城市的旅游辐射效应以及对该地区旅游经济产生的影响,引入旅游辐射场强模型、旅游断裂点、旅游集中系数进行量化分析,结果表明:1)世博会使上海对周边城市的旅游辐射效应明显增强;2)世博会对周边城市的旅游辐射效应分布并不均匀,不同城市之间存在较大差异;3)上海在对周边城市的旅游辐射中占优势地位,世博会的举办使这种优势得以加强;4)世博会使上海及其周边地区的旅游经济趋于集中发展。     

新构造运动背景下福建省主要旅游资源空间契合及特征分析

晚第三纪到第四纪的新构造运动,对福建省主要旅游资源自然基底的内部构造和外部形态都有深远影响。新构造运动背景下,福建省内国家AAAA级及以上等级旅游景区分布极不均匀,主要旅游资源集中在闽东沿海断块差异活动区和闽西断陷上升区,且有4个主要特征,即主要旅游资源多集中在断陷区,旅游景区可进入性较好、地文景观类旅游资源丰富,以中、低山为主、以政和-大埔断裂为界,东西两侧旅游资源各具特色、温泉旅游资源主要分布在闽江以南,温泉出露点海拔高度较低,以淡水、中高温泉为主。     

基于B／S模式的江西省网络旅游信息系统与应用

系统以ArcGIS9．0,ArcIMS9．0为开发平台,应用WebGIS技术、数据库技术、多媒体技术为基本的技术支撑,以及地图网络开发工具ArcIMS,设计了基于B／S模式的江西省网络旅游信息系统的总体结构与功能模块、数据库及建库流程、B／S体系结构及实现技术方案,并利用JSP进行动态网页界面开发,该系统可实现信息查询、景点3维显示、空间分析与操作、旅游分析评价与辅助决策等功能,同时也阐述了本系统的构建对江西省的旅游管理和旅游业发展的重要意义。