全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1042篇 |
免费 | 184篇 |
国内免费 | 170篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 77篇 |
大气科学 | 170篇 |
地球物理 | 274篇 |
地质学 | 558篇 |
海洋学 | 124篇 |
天文学 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 71篇 |
自然地理 | 100篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 16篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 19篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 50篇 |
2011年 | 58篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 87篇 |
2008年 | 93篇 |
2007年 | 99篇 |
2006年 | 104篇 |
2005年 | 76篇 |
2004年 | 85篇 |
2003年 | 73篇 |
2002年 | 67篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 55篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 47篇 |
1994年 | 18篇 |
1993年 | 12篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1396条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
河西走廊盛夏一次强沙尘暴天气综合分析 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,对2003年7月20日甘肃河西走廊一次历史上少见的区域性夏季沙尘暴天气进行了分析。研究发现:高空小槽、切变线、热低压是引发夏季沙尘暴的主要天气系统。夏季沙尘暴发生过程中,各测站出现了气压跃升、风速猛增、气温下降、湿度增加等现象,但变化幅度小于春季。夏季沙尘暴云图特征表现为中小尺度云团,TBB≤-35℃的云团在一定程度上能够反映沙尘暴天气的变化。诊断分析表明,沙尘暴爆发前散度场呈低层辐合高层辐散状态,沙尘暴发生在最大垂直速度出现以后,同时水平螺旋度对夏季沙尘暴预报有较好的指示意义,螺旋度正值越大,沙尘暴越强。 相似文献
252.
青藏高原四季划分方法探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用中国气象局国家气象信息中心提供的青藏高原60个测站1961~2007年逐日气温资料,分析常用的四季划分方法在高原的适用性,指出各种四季划分方法的不足和局限,并根据四季持续时间的合理性、物候特征、海拔高度、气候(温度)分布特征等因素提出了针对不同的生产、生活目的而建立的新四季划分方法。探讨认为:(1)根据高原物候特征和气温相结合的方式得到的"物候四季划分方法"即"4℃-12℃-10℃-1℃"对高原农牧业尤为适合;(2)"海拔季节划分方法"对高原旅游和人们衣着尤为适合,海拔季节划分方法把高原分成二个区:海拔4000m以上四季划分方法为"5℃-12℃-12℃-5℃",4000m以下四季划分方法为"5℃-15℃-15℃-5℃;"(3)"生活季节划分方法"对高原不同区域的生产生活尤为适合,生活季节划分方法将高原分为三个区:Ⅰ区四季划分方法为"6℃-16℃-16℃-6℃",Ⅱ区四季划分方法为"5℃-12℃-12℃-5℃",Ⅲ区四季划分方法"7℃-7℃"划分春冬和秋冬,不存在夏季。最后,综合以上各种方法的优缺点,初步定义"高原普适季节划分方法"即"5℃-15℃-15℃-5℃"为高原总体的四季划分方法,对高原整体的国民经济和政府活动、旅游、人们的衣着、生活生产、季节类产品的销售具有总体的指导意义。 相似文献
253.
254.
255.
宁夏冬季负积温变化特征 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对宁夏20个测站1961—2004年的冬季负积温EOF分析表明,冬季的冷趋势具有明显的大尺度特征,在近40 a逐渐变暖。据累积距平显示,l986年出现了突变,之前,冬季气温偏低,具体表现为冷冬年全部分布在此时段,之后偏暖,90年代以后出现暖冬的频次明显增加。≤0℃持续日数具有明显的年代际变化,2001—2004年比60年代平均减少了13.5 d。在80%保证率下,全区≤0℃持续日数和负积温依地势自北向南增多,引黄灌区最少,中部干旱带次之,南部黄土丘陵区相对最多。 相似文献
256.
257.
中国西部空中水汽分布结构特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
利用1958-1997年月平均NCEP比湿资料研究了中国西部空中水汽分布特征。结果表明:水汽的垂直分布结构非常相似,850hPa以上的水汽分布中心位于青藏高原上空,5-10月水汽含量主要集中在500hPa以下,其中7月的空中水汽含量最丰沛。水汽含量随高度减少,从季节变化来分析,夏季最大、秋季次之、冬季最小。40a的水汽年代际变化表明,夏季空中水汽含量呈现线性下降趋势,特别是20世纪90年代以来更明显;冬季比湿呈线性上升趋势,1月和7月比湿的年代际变化趋势呈反位相特征。 相似文献
258.
DING Guoan CHAN Chuenyu GAO Zhiqiu YAO Wenqing LI Yoksheung CHENG Xinghong MENG Zhaoyang YU Haiqing WONG Kamhang WANG Shufeng MIAO Qiuju 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower. 相似文献
259.
260.
基于图像区域特征的细胞识别方法及实现 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
先提取目标物体的面积、中心矩、圆形度、细长度、核浆比等区域特征。然后采用单原型模式表征方法,利用集群分析技术中最小距离分类器,构造判别函数,并依此作为识别类型的依据。最后,通过对鳞细胞的区域特征进行计算比较,选择出能够较明显地辨别出类别的特征向量,建立判别函数并对结果的可信度进行了讨论。 相似文献